Mafunso Khumi a Zakunja Kwa Otsatira Utsogoleri Wa US

Wolemba Stephen Kinzer, Julayi 25, 2019

Kuchokera ku Boston Globe

Ngati mukuyang'ana malingaliro olimba mtima pazantchito yamtsogolo yaku America padziko lapansi, musatengere zokambirana za sabata ino pakati pa omwe akufuna kukhala pulezidenti wa Democratic. Gawo loyamba lazokambirana lidawonetsa momveka bwino kuti oyang'anira sadzafunsa mafunso akuya okhudza mfundo zakunja. Zili bwino ndi osankhidwa ambiri, omwe safuna kuyankha mafunso otere. Owonera amasiyidwa ndi kubwerezabwereza kodetsa nkhawa komanso kudzudzula mwamwambo kwa omwe amati ndi adani.

Nthawi yotsutsana iyi ikuwonetsa zokhumudwitsa za moyo wandale waku America. Ku United States, n’zotheka kukhala zaka zambiri m’ndale ndi kukwera pa maudindo apamwamba popanda kuganizira mozama za mfundo za mayiko akunja. Kusazindikira kodzichitira kumeneku kungakhale komvetsa chisoni m’dziko lililonse. Ku United States ndizoopsa kwambiri. Zochita zomwe timachita sizikhudza chitetezo chathu chokha komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Mamiliyoni amayenda bwino kapena amavutika kutengera zomwe Congress, White House, ndi Pentagon angasankhe kuyambira tsiku lina kupita lina. Ndiye asankhe chiyani? Kodi United States iyenera kuchita bwanji ndi dziko lonse lapansi? Ngakhale tikamasankha purezidenti wathu wotsatira, sitifunsa kawirikawiri mafunso ogwedeza dziko.

Otsatira ndi gawo la vuto. Mmodzi yekhayo amene amayang'ana kwambiri pa mfundo zakunja, Tulsi Gabbard, adavutika kuti alowe mu chikumbumtima cha ovota. Ambiri mwa ena amangonena za mfundo zachilendo zakunja koma mwachiwonekere sadziwa mozama za dziko. Elizabeth Warren ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha malo akhungu awa. Zikuoneka kuti ali ndi malingaliro akuthwa komanso openda kwambiri kuposa ambiri omwe amapikisana nawo, koma akuwoneka kuti sanagwiritse ntchito mfundo zakunja. Amadziwika, mwachitsanzo, ngati wothandizira wa Israeli, ndipo adayamikanso kuukira kwa Israeli mu 2014 ndikulanda Gaza. Komabe masabata angapo apitawo adakakamizidwa ndi wovota kuti athandizire kuthetsa ntchitoyo ndipo adayankha, "Inde, inde, ndilipo."

Izi zinamveka ngati kusintha. Kodi izo zinali? Musayembekeze kuti mudzapeza powonera mkanganowo.

Mtsogoleri yekhayo yemwe akuwoneka kuti akufunitsitsa kuyankhula za ndale zakunja ndi yekhayo amene ali ndi malingaliro osasintha: Bernie Sanders. Amatsutsa mwamphamvu kulowererapo kwa asitikali aku America ndikusintha maboma, ndipo akulonjeza kuti athetsa nkhondo zathu zakunja. Gwirizanani naye kapena ayi, zikuwonekeratu kuti Sanders adawunikira mozama pafunso lapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali ndi lingaliro lokhazikika la zomwe mfundo zakunja zaku America ziyenera kukhala.

Mosasamala kanthu kuti osankhidwa ambiri ali mbuli motani ponena za malamulo akunja, kapena mofunitsitsa chotani nanga afuna kupeŵa kukambitsirana, iwo sali olakwa kwenikweni m’mikangano imeneyi. Vuto lalikulu ndi oyang'anira. Maukonde amasankha oyang'anira omwe mwachibadwa amavomereza lingaliro la American hegemony ndipo mofunitsitsa amakhala ngati ventriloquists 'dummies kwa makina athu ankhondo okhazikika. Otsatira sapereka mayankho owulula ku mafunso odzutsa anthu okhudza zochitika zapadziko lonse chifukwa oyang'anira samafunsa mafunso oterowo.

Kodi mafunso amenewo angakhale otani? Nazi zina zodziwikiratu zomwe, ngati zitafunsidwa, zitha kuthandiza ovota kudziwa zomwe ofuna kuvotera amalingalira za dziko lapansi ndi malo aku America momwemo.

■ Purezidenti Jimmy Carter ananena kuti United States ndi “dziko lokonda nkhondo kwambiri m’mbiri ya dziko.” Kodi izo nzoona? Ngati sichoncho, n’chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri padziko lonse amakhulupirira zimenezi?

■ Nkhondo yathu ku Afghanistan yakhala yaitali kwambiri m’mbiri ya Amereka. Kodi mulonjeza kuchotsa asitikali onse aku America pakutha kwa nthawi yanu yoyamba?

■ United States yaika zilango zatsopano Iran ndi Venezuela zomwe zikubweretsa ululu waukulu kwa anthu wamba. Kodi n’koyenera kuti United States ivutitse mabanja kuti akwaniritse zolinga zandale?

■ Tingapewe bwanji kusamvana ndi China?

■ Nzika pafupifupi 2 miliyoni za ku Gaza zimakhala pansi pa ntchito yowawa kwambiri padziko lapansi, opanda ufulu woyendayenda, kukulitsa chuma chawo, kapena kulankhula momasuka. Israeli akuti chitetezo chimafuna kuti ipitilize ntchitoyi. Kodi ndizoyenera, kapena ntchitoyo iyenera kutha?

■ United States imasamalira pafupifupi 800 zankhondo zakunja zankhondo. Britain, France, ndi Russia ali ndi chiwonkhetso cha 30. China ili ndi imodzi. Kodi US ikufunika 25 zoyambira zakunja kuposa maulamuliro ena ophatikizidwa, kapena titha kudula chiwerengerocho pakati?

■ Ngati tikhulupirira kuti boma la dziko lina likuchitira nkhanza anthu ake ndi kuchita zinthu zosemphana ndi zofuna za Amereka, kodi tiyenera kuyesetsa kufooketsa kapena kugwetsa boma limenelo?

■ Kodi mungaleke kumenya nkhondo pafupi ndi malire a Russia ndi kufunafuna njira zogwirira ntchito limodzi, kapena kodi Russia mdani wathu wosayanjanitsika?

■ Asilikali athu tsopano akulamulira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a Syria, kuphatikizapo malo ake ambiri olimidwa ndi mphamvu zake. Kodi tipitilize ntchitoyi, kapena kusiya ndikulola kuyanjananso kwa Syria?

■ Kodi n'zotheka kulipira inshuwalansi ya dziko lonse ndi mapulogalamu ena onse omwe a Democrats ambiri amathandizira popanda kudula kwakukulu mu bajeti yathu yankhondo?

Mafunso awa onse amatsogolera kumutu wozama kwambiri kuposa onse, womwe suli wovuta mu ndale zaku America: mtendere. M'nthawi yathu ino, palibe tsiku lomwe limatha popanda United States kuwopseza, kudzudzula, kulanga, kuwukira, kuphulitsa mabomba, kapena kutenga dziko lina. Kulimbana ndi mikangano kumapanga njira yathu yapadziko lapansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti awa akhale mafunso ofunikira kwambiri kufunsa aliyense amene akufuna kukhala Purezidenti waku United States: Kodi nkhondo yamuyaya ndi tsogolo lathu? Kodi n’zotheka mtendere? Ngati ndi choncho, mungatani kuti muyandikire?

Stephen Kinzer ndi mnzake wamkulu ku Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs ku Brown University.