Auzeni Chowonadi: Tsiku la Ogonana ndi Tsiku Lachibodza Lonse

Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War

Ena amazindikira kuti ziphuphu zimakhala kumalo ena omwe palibe kugwedezeka kwa nyengo kapena nyukiliya yomwe ndi malo otentha a Muslim Hondurans akudumphira ndi kuvina ku dziko la Father lomwe liri ndi zizindikiro zamagulu, miyala yowononga, ndi zizoloŵezi za chikhalidwe.

Ena ali tcheru kuti zomwe zimatchedwa "mainstream" - malingaliro a pro-status-quo, mabungwe odana ndi kusintha - amapangidwanso mu fakitale yolota maloto. Monga chiwonetsero chimodzi, ndimapereka: Tsiku la Omenyera Nkhondo.

A National Museum kudzinenera kuti anene nkhani zakale komanso kukhumba kukhala "nyumba yosankhira mawu achikulire" pomwe "opanga kapena olemba kapena opanga makanema mtsogolomo" amabwera "kukhala mawu omveka kuchokera kwa ankhondo akale," yangotsegulidwa ku Columbus, Ohio. Malonda a $ 82 miliyoni olemba ntchito amapindula nawo ndalama za boma ndi imadzutsa zopereka ndi chinenerochi: "Mphatso yanu yokhometsa misonkho imathandizira kulemekeza, kulumikizana, kulimbikitsa, ndikuphunzitsa onse pa nkhani ya iwo omwe molimba mtima adatumikira dziko lathu." Palibe mawu amodzi onena molondola, mosamalitsa, malingaliro osiyanasiyana, kapena kudziyimira pawokha pamaganizidwe.

"Zomwe muwona ndipo nazi nkhani - Chifukwa chiyani munthu wina wasankha kutumikira? Zinali bwanji kulumbira, kutumikira pankhondo? Kodi zinali bwanji kubwerera kunyumba? ” malipoti nyuzipepala ina. Mwachitsanzo? Chabwino: "Mwachitsanzo, pali a Deborah Sampson, mayi waku Massachusetts yemwe adadzibisa ngati mwamuna kuti atumikire kunkhondo ya Revolutionary (ngakhale kukoka mipira yamatope kuchokera ntchafu zake kuti asapite kukaonana ndi dokotala, yemwe angamupezere kugonana kwenikweni) . Kapenanso Master Sergeant Roy Benavidez, yemwe analandila Mendulo ya Ulemu chifukwa chopulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu osachepera XNUMX pa Nkhondo ya Vietnam pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi maora asanu ndi limodzi, momwe adavulala ndi mfuti zisanu ndi ziwiri m'thupi lake lonse. ”

Kodi alendo amalandila zidziwitso, maphunziro, ndikutsutsa malingaliro? Mwina, koma zomwe munthu angawerenge zokhudza malo osungiramo zinthu zakalewa akuti wina adzakhala "wouziridwa," monga munthu uyu: "Kumbali yanga, ndimapeza kudzoza ndi mwayi woganizira za chiwonetsero 'chodzipereka kwambiri' cholemekeza akugwa; mkokomo wa 'Taps' akusewera pa chipinda chachiwiri; mu zida zodyera ndi zinthu zina za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimanyamulidwa panthawi yautumiki ndi zilembo zotumizidwa kunyumba; m'mazenera okhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi maliboni autumiki wankhondo kupyola m'mbiri; munkhani zosintha kukhala moyo wamba; pabwalo la masamba la Memorial Grove panja. ”

Kulemekeza mopepuka sikuli chinthu chimodzimodzi monga kuphunzira. Mosakayikira, kutenga nawo gawo ambiri pazamasewero kumafuna kulimba mtima ndipo zambiri zakhala zikuwopsya. A mlandu wamphamvu kwambiri ukhoza kupangidwa nkhondoyo sinali "ntchito" yotanthauza kuthandiza china chilichonse kapena kupindulitsa anthu m'malo mowayika, kuwapha, kuwavutitsa, ndi kuwasaukitsa. Mosakayikira, mamiliyoni ambiri "sanasankhe" kutumikirako "koma akukakamizidwa kutenga nawo mbali, ndipo mamiliyoni enanso" asankha "kulembetsa makamaka posowa gwero lina labwino la ndalama. Mwa omenyera nkhondo onse omwe ndalankhula nawo, otsutsa-nkhondo, palibe amene ndimakumbukira yemwe adanenapo za kulumbira ngati gawo lalikulu pazochitika zankhondo. Nkhani zosangalatsa za mayi wolowerera usilikali komanso msirikali wopulumutsa miyoyo ku Vietnam sizingafafanize nkhani yayikulu yoti asirikali apha anthu mamiliyoni ku Vietnam ndi makumi mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi anthu amagweradi mu "nsembe," kapena amaphedwa pamakina opanda nzeru? Kodi "amasinthira" kukhala moyo wamba, kapena amagwera njira yovutitsa yovulala, kudziimba mlandu, PTSD, komanso chikhalidwe? Kodi omenyera nkhondo nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndimabuku a apocrypha onena za kulavuliridwa, kapena kuthokoza kopanda tanthauzo chifukwa chochita nkhanza zamakhalidwe?

Nyumba yosungiramo nkhondo yomwe imakumbukiranso nkhondo yomangidwa ndi gulu lopanga nkhondo lomwe lakhala likuyimira mwachizolowezi sichidzayankha mafunso amenewo. Koma ayankhidwa kale ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a anthu osauka, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mabuku, ndipo pali yatsopano yomwe ndingapange motsutsana ndi zopereka zowopsa za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zatsopanozi. Bukuli ndi Anyamata Monga Ine ndi Michael A. Messner.

Bukhuli limalongosola nkhani za asilikali asanu a nkhondo zisanu za US: WWII, Korea, Vietnam, ndi Iraq Parts I ndi II. Timaphunzira nkhani zawo kuyambira nthawi yayitali asanalowe usilikali panthawi yaitali atasiya. Nkhanizi zimafotokozedwa bwino, ndi zowoneka komanso zovuta, osati zowonongeka monga zowonongeka. Zitsanzo zimadziwika popanda buku kubwerezabwereza. Munthu aliyense ali wapadera, koma aliyense amakhala ndi chilombo chimodzimodzi.

Nkhani zakale zongopeka zokha sizikanakwanira kupanga bukuli. Nkhani za nkhondo zam'mbuyomu kuyambira pomwe zidakuta nthano ndizofunikira ngati wowerenga ayamba kukayikira nkhondo yomwe. Nkhani zoterezi ndizothandizanso ngati nkhani zankhondo zomwe anali gawo lawo. Pankhondo zaposachedwa kwambiri, nkhani za omenyera ufulu waku US zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pazomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhondoyi. Koma nkhani zakale zokha sizikanakwanira. Kuzindikira kuwopsa kwamuyaya kunkhondo momwe ziliri pano kumatsiriza mlandu wamphamvu womwe waperekedwa pano. Ili ndi buku lopatsa achinyamata.

Nkhani yoyamba m'bukuli amatchedwa "Palibe 'Nkhondo Yabwino'" ndipo imasimba nkhani ya msirikali wakale wankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse Ernie "Indio" Sanchez. Osatengera zonena zanga pamwambapa kuti nkhondoyi imakhudza mantha komanso kulimba mtima kuchokera kwa ine. Werengani nkhani ya Sanchez kuti muchotse kwa iye. Kuopa sikunali mantha omwe amabisala muubongo wa Sanchez kwazaka zambiri pomwe anali otanganidwa ndikupewera mpaka atapewanso. Nayi gawo:

"Zonsezi - mantha owopsa, kudziimba mlandu, manyazi - zidabisala mthupi la Ernie Sanchez kwazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zotsalira za moyo wake, kumubisalira pomwe samayembekezera, ndikumugwedeza ngati kachikwama komwe kali pafupi msana wake. Sakanatha kuzichotsa, osati kwathunthu. Pambuyo pake adaphunzira kuti kuyankhula za izo - kuchitira umboni kwa aliyense amene angamvetsere nkhani zake za kupusa kwa nkhondo, zipsinjo zakumenya nkhondo ndikupha, komanso chiyembekezo chamtendere - ndiye mankhwala abwino kwambiri amachiza mabala ake. ”

Bukhuli si chitsanzo chokha chofotokozera nkhani zosavomerezeka m'nyuzipepala ndi zolemba za NPR komanso zolemba za Veterans Day, komanso chitsanzo cha kulembera za momwe gulu likuyendera. Messner anapeza anthu ake kupyolera mwa Veterans For Peace, omwe ndikuyang'anira bungwe la uphungu, ndipo ndikuwongolera mwaluso chuma ndi zofuna zaumwini chifukwa cha ntchito ya akazitapewa kuti athetse njira za kulenga amwenye ambiri.

Nkhani ya Sanchez imayamba ndi moyo wovuta, wankhanza, zigawenga komanso ndende. Koma moyo umenewo ulibe china chilichonse chowopsa chankhondo. Iye akukumbukira kuti:

"Mu masabata awiri ndi theka, adayenera kutulutsa zigawenga za 4th ndi 28th Infantry, chifukwa zidawonongedwa. Pakatha masabata awiri ndi theka, Dera lomwelo linatayika amuna a 9,500, omwe anaphedwa kapena ovulala. Masabata awiri ndi theka ndikuyankhula. Mu nkhondo iyi tikukhala [tsopano] ku Iraq, sitinaphe anthu a 6,000 panobe. Ndi zaka zingati zomwe takhala tiri kumeneko? "

Wolembayo sakulowerera m'nkhaniyi kuti akonze lingaliro loti anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni ku Iraq siwo "anthu", koma ndi njira yoganizira kuti ambiri omwe akuchita nawo nkhondo amagwira ntchito kuti adziwe ndikugonjetsa. Sanchez, adakhala zaka zambiri akudziuza kuti mwina sanaphe anthu chifukwa adawombera kutsogolo kwa ngalande kuti "adani" asayike mitu yawo ndi mfuti pamwamba pawo. Moyo wake utayamba kutanganidwa, adayamba kuganizira za zomwe adachita zaka makumi angapo zapitazo:

"Ndilibe zinthu zina zonsezi zomwe ndimaganizira, zidabwerera kwa ine ndipo ndidazindikira. Mulungu, asing'anga anandiuza kuti ndinapha Ajeremani pakati pa makumi asanu ndi 100. Koma sindinawombere kuti ndiphe. Ndikuwombera kuti anyamatawo asabwerere. Ntchito yanga inali kuwombera kutsogolo kwa ngalande kotero kuti fumbi ndi miyala ndi zonse zinali bwino pamutu kotero kuti Ajeremani [sadzatulutsa mutu wawo kuti awombere. Imeneyi inali ntchito yanga, kuwatsitsa, komanso kuwalimbikitsa kuti asalimbane nawo. Awo anali malingaliro anga. Sindinali kupha aliyense. Ndipo ndizomwe ndimanena zaka zonsezi. Koma nkhondo yaku Iraq idandikumbutsa SOB wonyansa. ”

Nkhani zimakhala zovuta, osati zosavuta, kuchokera pamenepo. Nkhani yokhudza nkhondo ku Korea ikuphatikizapo msilikali wa ku United States akupepesa mwayekha kwa mkazi yemwe ndi yekhayo amene anapulumuka m'mudzi mwawo kupha anthu.

Osadzudzula omenyerawo, timauzidwa nthawi zambiri. Koma uwu ndi chikhalidwe chojambula chomwe kumadzudzula wina kukuletsani kuimbanso mlandu wina (monga maboma apamwamba ndi akuluakulu ankhondo ndi opanga zida). Chowonadi ndichakuti omenyera nkhondo ambiri amadziimba mlandu ndipo sangatengere zomwe enafe tidachita; ndipo ambiri amasamukira kuchipatala poyang'anizana ndi zolakwa zawo ndikugwira ntchito kuti athetsere ntchito ya mtendere ndi chilungamo.

Messner akulongosola momwe akuonera ndi nkhani ya kukambirana ndi agogo ake aamuna, Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse:

"M'mawa wa Tsiku la Veterans mu 1980, Gramps adakhala pachakudya chake cham'mawa - kapu ya khofi yamadzi, chidutswa chowotcha chodzaza ndi marmalade, ndi chidutswa chimodzi cha chiwindi chozizira. Wophunzira wazaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu, ndidasamukira kumene kunyumba ndi agogo anga ku Oakland, California, kwawo. Ndidayesera kuti muchepetse kukhumudwa kwa Gramps pomufunira Tsiku Losangalala la Veterans. Kulakwitsa Kwakukulu. 'Tsiku Lankhondo!' adandikalipira ndi liwu losalala la wosuta fodya kwanthawi yonse. Lero si Tsiku Lankhondo! Ndi Tsiku Lankhondo. Amangoyang'ana. . . owonongedwa. . . andale. . . anasintha kukhala Tsiku la Veterans. Ndipo akupitilizabe kutilowetsa nkhondo zambiri. ' Agogo anga aamuna anali otakasuka tsopano, chiwindi chake chaiwalika. 'Achinyengo a Buncha! Samenya nkhondo, mukudziwa. Anyamata onga ine ndimamenya nkhondo. Tinaitcha "Nkhondo Yothetsa Nkhondo Zonse," ndipo tidakhulupirira. ' Adatseka zokambiranazo ndi harrumph: 'Tsiku Lankhondo!'

"Tsiku la Armistice limaimira Gramps osati kutha kwa nkhondo yake, koma kutha kwa nkhondo yonse, kuyambika kwa mtendere wosatha. Limeneli silinali loto chabe. M'malo mwake, gulu lankhondo lamtendere lidakakamiza boma la US, mu 1928, kuti isayine Kellogg-Briand Pact, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi 'Womenyera Nkhondo,' wothandizidwa ndi United States ndi France ndipo womwe udasainidwa ndi mayiko ambiri dziko lapansi. Purezidenti Dwight D. Eisenhower atasaina lamulo losintha dzina la tchuthi kukhala Tsiku la Omenyera Nkhondo, kuphatikiza omenyera nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, kudali mbama kwa agogo anga. Chiyembekezo chinazilala, m'malo mwa chowonongera choipa chakuti andale apitiliza kupeza zifukwa zotumizira anyamata aku America - 'anyamata onga ine' — kukamenya nkhondo ndi kufa kunkhondo. ”

Kotero iwo adzakhala mpaka ife titawaletsa iwo. Anyamata Monga Ine ndi chida chachikulu pazifukwa izi - komanso kwa Kubwezeretsedwa kwa Tsiku la Zida. Cholakwika chimodzi chomwe ndikuyembekeza kuti chidzakonzedwa ndi ichi: "Obama adachepetsa nkhondo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan." Purezidenti Obama adachulukitsa kulanda dziko la Afghanistan ku Afghanistan ndikuchita chilichonse (imfa, chiwonongeko, kuchuluka kwa asitikali, madola) nkhondo yake kuposa nkhondo ya Bush kapena Trump kapena awiriwa kuphatikiza.

Wachikulire Gregory Ross adawerenga chimodzi mwa ndakatulo zake pamsonkhano wa mtendere wa 2016 Veterans. Icho chatchulidwa Anyamata Monga Ine:

Akufa

musafune kuti kukhala chete kwathu kulemekezedwe

musafune kuti tikhale chete kuti tikumbukiridwe.

musati mukhale chete monga chikumbukiro, monga ulemu.

musayembekezere kuti tithe chete

kuphedwa kwa nkhondo

mwanayo ali ndi njala

Mkaziyo adagwiriridwa

chisokonezo cha kusagwirizana

Dziko lapansi ladetsedwa

Ndi amoyo omwe amafuna kuti tikhale chete

mu nthawi ya mantha ndi zovuta

Akufa

timafuna kulimbika mtima kuti tipewe anthu amphamvu ndi adyera.

timafuna miyoyo yathu kukhala okweza, achifundo, olimba mtima.

tikufuna mkwiyo wathu pa kupitiriza kwa nkhondo m'dzina lawo.

tikufuna kudodometsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa dziko lapansi m'dzina lawo.

tikufuna kuti tikhumudwe kuti tilemekezedwe, kuti tikumbukiridwe.

Akufa

musagwiritse ntchito ntchito yathu