Kuphunzitsa Nkhondo Kuti Ndikofunika

"Sindikudziwa…ndikutanthauza kuti ndikufuna kukhala m'modzi mwa anthu amenewo… mumadziwa omwe amachita zinthu, omwe amapanga kusintha ndikuganiza… izi zinali zolimbikitsa…zinandipangitsa kuti ndisinthe…koma ndikuganiza kuti sindikudziwa. Bwanji." Ine ndi ana asukulu atatu tinali titakhala m’kachipinda kakang’ono ndipo tinasonkhana pafupi ndi tebulo lozungulira m’kona ya ofesi ya maphunziro a anthu. Ophunzirawo anali atangomaliza kumene phunziro la milungu itatu lomwe linali ndi mafunso ofunika awiri: Kodi nkhondo yolungama n’chiyani? Kodi timathetsa bwanji nkhondo? Mphunzitsi wawo ndi ine tidapanga nawo gawo limodzi lofuna kudziwa ngati kuyang'ana pa kudzudzula ndi kukana nkhondo kungalimbikitse chidwi cha ophunzira, kuwathandiza kukhala ndi malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri pankhondo ndikuthandizira ophunzira kumvetsetsa kuti nkhondo itha kuyimitsidwa ndikuchitapo kanthu. ndi nzika zokhudzidwa. Pofika kumapeto kwa gawoli, ophunzirawo anali osatsimikiza.

“Nthawi zonse ndimadabwa ndi mmene sukulu za ku America zimaphunzitsira. Ndikutanthauza kuti pali nkhondo ponsepo ndipo aphunzitsi pano amachita ngati kulibe ndiye kuti samaphunzitsa mwachindunji nkhondo zomwe amaphunzitsa. Ophunzira ena m’makambitsiranowo anavomereza. "Inde, zili ngati amaphunzitsa kuti nkhondo ndi yoipa ... koma tikudziwa kale kuti ... sitimaphunzitsa mozama. Ndikutanthauza kuti ndikudziwa 1939 ndi Eisenhower ndi zonse…Ndili ndi A koma ndikumva ngati ndikuchidziwa mozama. Sitilankhula kwenikweni chilichonse.” Wophunzira wina anavomera kupereka chitsanzo cha pamene anafika mozama. “Pamene tinaphunzira za Mabomba a Atomiki akuponyedwa ku Japan tinali ndi msonkhano wamasiku aŵiri wopenda zikalata koma sizinali zosiyana kwenikweni ndi zimene zinali m’mabuku athu. Ndikutanthauza kuti tonse tikudziwa kuti bomba la atomiki ndi loyipa, koma palibe amene adawatsutsa kupatula Einstein? Sindimadziwa kuti pali gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ngati nthawi zonse mpaka gululi. ”

Kuwombera ku Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zidatsatira zidachitika kale. Ophunzira angapo a ku Stephens High School komwe ndimachita nawo phunziroli komanso kuphunzitsa nawo limodzi gawoli adatenga nawo gawo paulendo wopita kunja ndipo ocheperapo adatenga nawo gawo pamwambo wa mphindi 17 wapadziko lonse lapansi pomwe ophunzira amayenera kuwerenga mayina a Ozunzidwa 17 a Stoneman Douglas akuwombera mwakachetechete. Monga masukulu ambiri, Stephens High School inalemekeza kuyenda kwa mphindi 17 kuti ophunzira asankhe kutenga nawo mbali, aphunzitsi ngati inali nthawi yawo yaulere kapena kalasi yawo yonse adapezekapo. Poopa zachiwawa, ophunzira a Stephens adapezekapo pamwambowu ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Ophunzira anali ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana. "Oh mukutanthauza msonkhano?" wophunzira wina anayankha pamene ndinamufunsa ngati anapitako. "Mukutanthauza zochita zokakamiza?" wina anayankha. Malingaliro a ophunzira pazochita zamagulu onse (wophunzira adapanga komanso sukulu) kuyambira pazochitika zofunika mpaka kusakhazikika (chochitika cha ophunzira) mpaka kukakamizidwa (chochitika cha kusukulu).

Ndinkaganiza kuti zolimbikitsa za a Emma Gonzalez, David Hogg, ndi olimbikitsa ophunzira ena omwe adatuluka pakuwombera kwa Douglas zikadawonetsa ophunzira a Stephens njira. Ngakhale kuwomberako ndi zowukira zidawoneka kwambiri pazama TV kwa miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake komanso ngakhale tinkaphunzitsa mwadala molimbikitsa anthu, palibe ophunzira omwe adalumikiza zomwe tidawaphunzitsa kwa omenyera ufulu wa Stoneman mpaka ndidawadzutsa pokambirana mkalasi. Aphunzitsi ambiri omwe ndidalankhula nawo kudera la North Carolina adagawana mayankho okhumudwitsa a ophunzira. Mphunzitsi wina, wochita nawo phunziro lalikulu lomwe ndakhala ndikuchita pa chiphunzitso cha nkhondo adaphunzitsa gawo lalifupi pa kusamvera kwa anthu, kusagwirizana ndi kuchitapo kanthu m'masiku ochepa a Stoneman Douglas 17 mphindi. Akuyembekeza kupita nawo ku msonkhanowo (akanatha kungopita ngati ophunzira ake onse atapita) adadabwa pamene atatu mwa ophunzira ake adasankha "kutuluka" kuti alandire chilango cha sukulu. Pamene anafunsa chifukwa chimene ophunzira sanapite analonjeredwa ndi anthu wamba kuti, “Kwangotha ​​mphindi 17 zokha,” otsutsawo, “Palibe kanthu,” kwa operekedwa kaŵirikaŵiri, “sindikufuna kuphonya. phunziro…mutu wake ndi chiyani…kusamvera kwa anthu eti?” Kuwonjezeka kwadziko lonse kwa ophunzira olimbana ndi chiwawa cha mfuti kumawoneka ngati sikunachite kalikonse kulimbikitsa ophunzirawa omwe ndimaganiza panthawiyo. Zomwe ndidatanthauzira ngati kukana kapena kusalabadira kwa ophunzira a Stoneman-Douglas zinali zenizeni za kukula kwa vuto (lothetsa nkhondo) komanso osadziwa koyambira. Pakuti ngakhale mu gawo lathu lachilangizo loyang'ana kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amatsutsa nkhondo m'mbiri yakale, ophunzira adadziwitsidwa kwa anthu, kayendetsedwe kake, ndi mafilosofi koma osati zomwe masitepe enieni anali kukana, kuti abweretse kusintha.

Gawo lophunzitsira lidayamba ndikufunsa ophunzira kuti "Nkhondo yolungama ndi chiyani?" Tidazifotokoza, ndikufunsa ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe angalole kupita kunkhondo kwa iwo eni, anzawo ndi mabanja awo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, sakanakhala wina, akanakhala iwo akuchita ndewu, kulimbana, kuvulaza ndi kufa. Ophunzirawo anali ndi mayankho ang'onoang'ono omwe amatsata zomwe mungaganize kuti ophunzira akusekondale angabwere. Mayankho a ophunzira adaphatikizapo: "ngati tikuwukiridwa," "ngati zili zokonda dziko lathu," "ngati wothandizana nawo aukira ... ndipo tili ndi mgwirizano nawo," kuti "ngati pali gulu lomwe likuphedwa mukudziwa ngati Holocaust, ” kuti “palibe nkhondo zolungama.” Ophunzirawo anali olankhula momveka bwino komanso okonda kwambiri malo awo ndi malingaliro awo, kuwafotokozera bwino. Anali osalala pakupereka kwawo ndipo ophunzira amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri yakale monga chitsanzo chothandizira, koma ena okha. Ophunzirawo anagwiritsa ntchito zochitika zakale monga zida zosamveka bwino zomwe sizitha kufotokoza mwachindunji kapena kupitirira "Ajapani adatiukira!" kapena “Holocaust.” Ophunzirawo anawoneka kukhala akukokera makamaka ku Nkhondo Yadziko II kaamba ka chitsanzo chawo cha m’mbiri chimene chinalungamitsa nkhondo, ndipo ophunzira amene anaima motsutsana ndi nkhondo kapena kuitsutsa, anavutika. Nkhondo Yadziko II inali monga momwe wophunzira wina ananenera, “nkhondo yabwino.”

Gawoli lidapitilira ndikuwunika momwe nkhondo iliyonse yomwe America idachitapo idayambira ku Revolution ya America kudzera munkhondo zaku Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Ophunzira adadabwa ndi zifukwa zomwe zinali umboni. "Ndikutanthauza kuti bwerani ... iwo ankadziwa komwe kunali malire pamene anatumiza Taylor kuwoloka mtsinje" wophunzira wina anafuula. "Zoonadi Admiral Stockwell yemwe anali mu ndege ku Gulf of Tonkin sakuganiza kuti sitima ya ku America idawukiridwa?" Mwana wasukulu wina anafunsa mokhala phee. Kuzindikirako sikunatsogolere kusintha malingaliro. "Ife ndife Achimerika tawonani zomwe tidachita ndi nthaka (yotengedwa ku Mexico)" ndipo "Vietnam inali yachikomyunizimu sitinafunikire kuukiridwa kuti tipite nawo kunkhondo." Tidasanthula Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndi Nkhondo yaku Vietnam ngati maphunziro oyerekeza momwe nkhondozo zidayambira, momwe zidamenyedwa komanso kukana kwawo. Ophunzira anali ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino la gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ku Vietnam, "monga ma hippies ndi zinthu eti?" koma anadabwa ndi kutsutsa pa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Iwo anadabwa kwambiri atamva kuti ku United States ndi m’mayiko ena munali mbiri yakale yokana nkhondo. Ophunzira adakhudzidwa ndi nkhani za omenyera ufulu wawo, zolemba zomwe tidawerenga za zomwe adachita, Jeanette Rankin adavotera nkhondo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, za maulendo, zolankhula, zoseweretsa, ndi zochitika zina zomwe zidakonzedwa ndikudabwa ndi chiwerengero cha akazi okhudzidwa, “anali akazi ambiri” wophunzira wina wamkazi anatero modabwa.

Ophunzirawo adachoka pagawoli ndikuzindikira nkhondo zaku America zomwe zakhala zikuchitika komanso kumvetsetsa bwino za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndi Vietnam. Ophunzirawo adamvetsetsanso kuti panali mbiri yakale yotsutsana ndi nkhondo ndipo adapeza njira zambiri zomwe omenyerawo adachita nawo. Komabe, amamvabe kuthedwa nzeru komanso kutayika. "Ndi (nkhondo) yochuluka kwambiri ... yaikulu kwambiri ... ndikutanthauza kuti ndiyambira pati" wophunzira m'modzi adalankhula panthawi yofunsa mafunso. "Ndikuganiza kuti izi (zolimbikitsa ophunzira) zigwire ntchito, makalasi ambiri ayenera kukhala ngati awa ... ndipo sizingakhale masabata awiri ndi theka okha" wophunzira wina adagawana nawo. "M'zachitukuko timaphunzira zonse za macheke ndi miyeso, momwe bilu imakhalira lamulo, kuti nzika zimakhala ndi mawu ... Timauzidwa kuti tili ndi mawu koma sindinaphunzitsepo momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito, "adatero wophunzira wina. Wophunzira wina adayankha kuti, "Izi zinali zovuta ... zinali masabata awiri ndi theka okha? Ndikutanthauza kuti zinamveka zambiri. Izi zinali zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tidaphunzira…sindikudziwa ngati…sindikudziwa ngati ophunzira atha kuchita izi m'makalasi ochulukirapo.

Kuyambira zomwe zidachitika pa Seputembara 11, 2001 United States yakhala ikumenya nkhondo pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Ophunzira akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa zofotokozera mozama komanso zofotokozera za nkhondo zomwe America yakhala ikuchitapo kanthu. Mwinanso chofunika kwambiri ndikusintha momwe timaphunzitsira zachitukuko, boma ndi nzika. Pankhani ya nkhondo komanso kukhala nzika m'malo mobwerezabwereza za anthu, malo, zochitika, ndi zochitika zomwe zimakhudza kulingalira mozama, tiyenera kuthandiza ophunzira athu kuti aphunzire kugwiritsa ntchito mawu awo, kulemba kwawo, kufufuza kwawo, ndi kulimbikitsana kwawo m'malo enieni omwe akuchita nawo. zochitika zenizeni. Ngati mtundu uwu wa unzika sukhala chizolowezi nkhondo zathu zipitilira popanda tanthauzo lenileni la chifukwa kapena liti kapena momwe ziyenera kuimitsidwa.