Ma White Helmet, omwe adakhazikitsidwa kuti apulumutse anthu omwe atsekeredwa pansi pa zibwinja za nyumba zomwe zidawonongedwa ndi mabomba aku Syria ndi Russia, akhala gwero lokondedwa kwambiri ndi atolankhani aku Western omwe amafotokoza nkhani yakuphulika kwa bomba la Russia ndi Syria. Owonetsedwa ngati ngwazi zothandiza anthu kwa chaka chatha ndipo adasankhidwa kuti alandire Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel chilimwe chatha, a White Helmet apatsidwa ulemu wosakayikitsa ndi atolankhani omwe amalemba zavuto la Syria.
Komabe White Helmet si bungwe lopanda ndale. Amalipidwa kwambirindi Dipatimenti ya US State ndi British Foreign Office, gululi limagwira ntchito m'madera a kumpoto kwa Syria omwe akulamulidwa ndi gulu la al Qaeda ndi ogwirizana nawo monyanyira-madera omwe atolankhani akumadzulo sanapezeko. Popeza kuti zipewa zoyera zimagwira ntchito pansi paulamuliro wa omwe ali ndi mphamvu zenizeni kummawa kwa Aleppo ndi madera ena otsutsidwa ndi otsutsa, kudalira kwa atolankhani akumadzulo ku bungwe ili kuti adziwe zambiri kumabwera ndi zoopsa zazikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Udindo wandale womwe a White Helmet adachita pokhudzana ndi kufalitsa atolankhani akunja adawonetsedwa modabwitsa pambuyo pa kuukira kwa gulu lankhondo la Syrian Red Crescent kudera la zigawenga la Urum al-Kubra, chakumadzulo kwa Aleppo pa Seputembara 19. malo atangomaliza kutha kuvomerezana ndi Russia, US ndi boma la Syria zidasweka ndi kuwukira koopsa kwa US pankhondo yankhondo yaku Syria yomwe ikulimbana ndi ISIS kuzungulira mzinda wa Deir Ezzor pa Seputembara 17.
Oyang'anira a Obama adaganiza kuti kuukiraku kunali kowombera ndege ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadzudzula ndege zaku Russia kapena Syria. Mkulu wina waku US yemwe sakudziwika adauza New York Times kuti panali “mwayi waukulu kwambiri” woti ndege ya ku Russia inali pafupi ndi derali kutangotsala pang’ono kuukira, koma olamulirawo sanapereke umboni uliwonse wochirikiza zimene ananenazo. M'masiku otsatira chiwembuchi, nkhani zofalitsa nkhani zidadalira kwambiri maakaunti operekedwa ndi White Helmet. Mkulu wa bungwe ku Aleppo, Ammar Al-Selmo, anali kuwapatsa akaunti yawoyawo patsamba.
Nkhani ya Selmo ya nkhaniyi idakhala yodzaza ndi zabodza; komabe, atolankhani ambiri adayandikira popanda kukayikira, ndipo apitilizabe kudalira iye kuti adziwe zambiri zankhondo zomwe zikuchitika ku Aleppo ndi kuzungulira.
Kusintha nkhani pomwe atolankhani akusewera
Tsatanetsatane woyamba womwe umboni wa Selmo udadziwonetsera kuti ndi wosakhulupirika ndi zomwe ananena za komwe adapezeka pomwe chiwembucho chidayamba. Selmo anatero Time Magazine tsiku lotsatira chiwembucho chinali mtunda wa kilomita kapena kuposerapo kuchokera kumalo osungiramo katundu komwe magalimoto othandizira adayimitsidwa panthawiyo-mwina pa malo a White Helmet ku Urm al-Kubra. Koma Selmo anasintha nkhani yake kuyankhulana ndi Washington Post yomwe idasindikizidwa pa Seputembara 24, ponena kuti "akupanga tiyi m'nyumba yomwe ili kutsidya lina la msewu" panthawiyo.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, Selmo adanena poyamba kuti adawona chiyambi cha chiwembucho. Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa ndi Time pa Seputembara 21, Selmo adati amamwa tiyi pakhonde pomwe bomba lidayamba, ndipo "adatha kuwona mabomba oyamba akugwa kuchokera ku zomwe adazitcha kuti helikopita ya boma la Syria."
Koma Selmo sakanawona bomba likugwa kuchokera ku helikopita kapena china chilichonse panthawiyo. Mu kanema yemwe adawomberedwa m'mawa kwambiri, Selmo adalengeza kuti bomba lidayamba cha m'ma 7:30pm. M'mawu apambuyo pake, a White Helmet adayika nthawiyo 7:12pm. Koma kulowa kwa dzuwa pa Seputembara 19 inali 6:31pm, ndipo pafupifupi 7pm, Aleppo inali itakutidwa ndi mdima wandiweyani.
Wina mwachiwonekere adatengera chidwi cha Selmo pavutoli nkhani ya Time itasindikizidwa, chifukwa pomwe adapereka akaunti yake ku Washington Post, anali atasinthanso gawoli. The Post inanena Nkhani yake yosinthidwa motere: “Atakwera pakhonde itangotsala pang’ono 7 koloko masana, kunja kuli madzulo, anati anamvetsera ndege ya helikoputala ikubwera ndi kuponya mabomba awiri a migolo pa gululo.”
M'mavidiyo omwe a White Helmet adapanga usiku wa chiwembucho, Selmo adapitanso patsogolo, akunena kuti pagawo limodzi la kanemayo kuti. mabomba anayi a migolo anali atagwetsedwa ndipo mu china, icho mabomba asanu ndi atatu a migolo anali atagwetsedwa. Lingaliro lakuti mabomba a mbiya anagwiritsidwa ntchito poukirawo linatengedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi omwe amadzitcha "otsutsa" m'malo mwa akuluakulu otsutsa ku Aleppo m'mawa wotsatira, monga gulu lankhondo. BBC inanena. Mutu umenewo unali wogwirizana ndi kuyesayesa kwa magwero otsutsa kubwerera ku 2012 kuti azindikire "mabomba a migolo" ngati zida zowononga mwapadera, zolakwa kwambiri kuposa zida zoponyera wamba.
Umboni wokayikitsa wochokera ku magwero osagwirizana
In kanema a White Helmet adatulutsa usiku wa chiwembucho, Selmo amalankhula ndi owonera ndikuloza komwe akuti kuphulika kwa bomba. "Mukuwona bokosi la bomba la migolo?" akufunsa. Koma zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi ndizolowera kumakona anayi pamiyala kapena zinyalala zomwe zimaoneka ngati zakuya mamita awiri m'lifupi ndi kupitirira pang'ono mamita atatu m'litali. Amafika pansi pa nthaka ndi kutulutsa zomwe zimaoneka ngati fosholo yowonongeka, malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Chithunzichi chikutsimikizira zonena za Selmo kuti zinali zabodza. Mabomba a migolo amapanga zazikulu kwambiri zozungulira makola osachepera 25 mapazi m'lifupi ndi kupitirira 10 mapazi kuya, kotero kuti indentation ngati bokosi mu kanema analibe chofanana chilichonse ndi mbiya bomba bomba.
Hussein Badawi, yemwe ndi director of White Helmets waku Urum al-Kubra, ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa Selmo muulamuliro wa bungweli. Badawi adawonekera mwachidule pafupi ndi Selmo mu gawo limodzi la kanema yemwe adapangidwa usiku womwewo koma adangokhala chete, kenako adasowa. Komabe, Badawi zotsutsana mwachindunji Zonena za Selmo kuti kuphulika koyamba usiku womwewo kunali kwa bomba la migolo. Mu Zipewa Zoyera kanema zomwe zinamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chiarabu kupita ku Chingerezi, Badawi adalongosola kuphulika koyambako osati ngati ziwombankhanga za ndege koma "maroketi anayi otsatizana" pafupi ndi pakati pa Red Crescent ku Urum al-Kubra.
Palibe umboni wina wowoneka wa chigwa chonga ngati chikadapangidwa ndi bomba la mbiya chomwe chawonekera. Pogwirizana ndi zomwe Selmo adanena, Gulu la Intelligence la Russia-based Conflict Intelligence Team, lomwe ladzipereka kutsutsa zomwe boma la Russia likunena, akanangotchula chithunzi cha kanema wa Selmo atanyamula chitsulo chimodzicho.
Webusayiti ya Bellingcat, yemwe adayambitsa Eliot Higgins ndi munthu wosakhala m'gulu lankhondo la anti-Russian, lothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi dipatimenti ya boma ku Atlantic Council, ndipo alibe ukatswiri pa zida zankhondo, analoza ku chimango chomwecho. Higgins adanena kuti chitsulocho chinachokera ku "chigwa." Adatchulanso chithunzi chachiwiri chomwe adati chikuwonetsa "chibowo chokonzedwa" mumsewu pafupi ndi galimoto yoyaka moto. Koma dera la pachithunzichi lomwe linkaoneka kuti lakutidwa ndi dothi losaoneka bwino silinapitirire mamita atatu m’litali ndi mamita awiri m’lifupi—ndilo laling’ononso kwambiri moti silingasonyeze umboni wa kuphulika kwa bomba.
Gulu la Selmo's White Helmet lidagawanso ku Bellingcat ndi atolankhani zomwe zimawoneka poyang'ana koyamba ngati umboni waku Syria ndi Russia zakuukira kwa ndege: tailfin yofota ya waku Russia. bomba la OFAB-250, zomwe zitha kuwoneka pansi pa mabokosi mu a Chithunzi kulowetsedwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu pamalopo. Bellingcat adatchulapo izi zithunzi monga umboni wotsimikizika wogwiritsa ntchito bomba la Russia poukira gulu lothandizira.
Koma zithunzi za OFAB tailfin ndizovuta kwambiri ngati umboni wakumenya ndege. Bomba la OFAB-250 likadaphulika panthawiyo likadasiya chigwa chomwe chinali chachikulu kwambiri kuposa chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndi chithunzichi. Muyezo lamulo la chala ndiye kuti OFAB-250, monga bomba lina lililonse lolemera 250kg lingapangitse chigwacho kukhala 24 mpaka 36 m'lifupi ndi 10 kapena 12 kuya kwake. Kukula kwa chigwa chake kukuwonetsedwa muvidiyo ya mtolankhani waku Russia kuyimirira m'modzi pambuyo pa nkhondo yomenyera mzinda wa Syria wa Palmyra, womwe unagwidwa ndi ISIS.
Kuphatikiza apo, khoma lomwe linali pachithunzichi lomwe linali pamtunda wa mapazi ochepa kuchokera pamalo omwe amayenera kukhudzidwa silinakhudzidwe ndi bomba. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti palibe OFAB-250 yomwe idagwetsedwa pamalopo kapena inali dud. Koma chithunzi cha mabokosi ozungulira OFAB tailfin chimasonyezanso umboni wina wosonyeza kuti panali kuphulika. Monga wopenyerera mmodzi Anapeza kuchokera kuunika kwapafupi, mabokosiwo amasonyeza umboni wa misozi yamphamvu. A closeup Paketi imodzi ikuwonetsa maenje abwino a shrapnel.
Chinachake chochepa kwambiri kuposa bomba la OFAB-250 kapena bomba la mbiya chomwe chingayankhe pazomwe zikuwonekera. Chida chimodzi chomwe shrapnel yake imatha kuyambitsa chithunzi chomwe chikuwoneka pachithunzichi ndi roketi yaku Russia ya S-5, mitundu iwiri zomwe zimataya zidutswa 220 kapena 360 zazing'ono.
Mu kanema adapanga usiku womwewo, Selmo anali atanena kale kuti ndege zaku Russia zidawombera ma S-5 pa malo, ngakhale molakwika anawatcha kuti “C-5s.” Ndipo chithunzi cha mizinga iwiri ya S-5 chidaperekedwanso kwa Bellingcat ndi mabungwe azofalitsa nkhani, kuphatikiza Washington Post. Selmo ianaumirira Nthawi kuti ziwombankhangazo zinagawikana pakati pa mabomba a migolo ndi mizinga yophulitsidwa ndi ndege za ku Russia.
Koma kachiwiri Badawi, mkulu wa Zipewa Zoyera ku Urum al Kubra, adatsutsana ndi Selmo mavidiyo osiyana, kunena kuti mivi yambirimbiri inayamba kuulutsidwa pansi. Kuvomera kwa Badawi kunali kofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa magulu otsutsa aku Syria anali ndi zofunikira Russian S-5s Chiyambireni pamene zidazo zinazembetsedwa kuchokera ku Libya kupita kwa zigawenga zambiri mu 2012. Iwo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ma S-5 ngati maroketi owulutsidwa pansi monga momwe zigawenga za ku Libya zidachitira, ndipo adawapangira zida zawo zowulutsira.
A Badawi ati mivi inayi yoyambilira idaphulitsidwa ndi asitikali a boma la Syria kuchokera ku mafakitale achitetezo kum'mwera kwa Aleppo. Koma malo oteteza boma kum'mwera kwa Aleppo ali ku al-Safira - mtunda wa makilomita opitilira 25, pomwe ma S-5 ali ndi ma kilomita atatu mpaka 3 okha.
Chowonjezera ndichakuti, ngakhale a Selmo adaumirira kuti ziwopsezo za ndege zidapitilira kwa maola ambiri ndikuphatikizanso ziwopsezo zokwana 20 mpaka 25, palibe m'modzi mwa mamembala a gulu la White Helmet yemwe adagwira ndege imodzi muvidiyo, yomwe ikadapereka mawu omveka bwino. - umboni wowonekera wa zomwe ananena.
Malo a Atlantic Council a Bellingcat adaloza ku kanema yotumizidwa pa intaneti ndi otsutsa ku Aleppo monga akupereka umboni woterewu wa ndege za jet kutangotsala pang'ono kuphulika usiku. Koma ngakhale kuti mawu pavidiyo amalengeza kuti ndi ndege ya ku Russia, phokosolo limayima mwamsanga pambuyo pa kuphulika kwamoto, kusonyeza kuti kunayambika ndi mzinga womwe unayambika pansi, osati mzinga wothamangitsidwa kuchokera ku ndege ya jet. Chifukwa chake umboni wotsimikizira wa kumenya ndege komwe Bellingcat adanena sikunatsimikizire nkomwe.
Ngakhale mbiri yakusokonekera, Selmo akadali gwero loyambira
Aliyense amene adayambitsa kuukira kwa gulu lothandizira la Syrian Red Crescent, zikuwonekeratu kuti Ammar al-Selmo, mkulu wa Chipewa Choyera ku Aleppo, ananama za komwe anali pamene kuukira kwa gulu lothandizira kunayamba ndipo, poyamba, anasocheretsa omvera ake pamene adanena kuti adawona magawo oyambirira a kuukira ndi maso ake. Kuphatikiza apo, adanenanso za bomba la mbiya zaku Syria komanso mabomba aku Russia a OFAB-250 omwe adagwetsedwa pagululi zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi umboni uliwonse wodalirika.
Poganizira kukonzekera kwa Selmo kukongoletsa akaunti yake komanso kuthandizira nkhani yakuukira kwa Russia-Syria, atolankhani aku Western amayenera kusamala kwambiri podalira ngati kutsimikizira mlandu waku US pakuwukira kwa gulu lothandizira. Koma mkati mwa milungu ya kuphulika kwa mabomba kwa Russia ndi Syria kum'maŵa kwa Aleppo pambuyo pa kutha kwa kuleka kumenyana, Selmo ankatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi atolankhani monga gwero la ndawala ya mabomba. Ndipo Selmo adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zachitika posachedwa kukakamiza zigawenga zandale.
Pa Seputembara 23, a White Helmet adauza atolankhani kuti atatu mwa malo awo anayi ogwirira ntchito kum'mawa kwa Aleppo agundidwa ndipo awiri mwa iwo sanagwire ntchito. National Public Radio wotchulidwa Selmo akunena kuti amakhulupirira kuti gululi lidawachitira dala, chifukwa "adalanda mauthenga a oyendetsa ndege ndikuwamva akulamula kuti aphulitse anzake." Chodabwitsa, NPR idalephera kuzindikira Selmo ngati wamkulu wa White Helmet kum'mawa kwa Aleppo, ndikumuzindikiritsa ngati "membala wa Zipewa Zoyera."
Patadutsa masiku asanu, Washington Post inati a zonena zofanana ndi Ismail Abdullah, mkulu wina wa Zipewa Zoyera akugwira ntchito molunjika pansi pa Selmo. "Nthawi zina timamva woyendetsa ndege akuuza malo ake kuti, 'Tikuwona msika wa zigawenga, pali malo ophikira zigawenga," adatero Abdullah. “Kodi ndi bwino kuwamenya? Akunena kuti, 'Chabwino, amenyani.'” Iye ananenanso kuti pa September 21, a White Helmet anamva woyendetsa ndege wa adani akunena za "zigawenga" zachitetezo cha anthu. Bungweli lidatumiza uthenga kwa akuluakulu aku US ku New York ku UN General Assembly kuti akuwaganizira, Abdullah adawonjezera. Nkhani zochititsa chidwizi zidathandizira kampeni ya White Helmet ya Mphotho Yamtendere ya Nobel, yomwe idalengezedwa patatha masiku angapo koma yomwe sanapambane.
Zonena kuti White Helmet zidamva oyendetsa ndege akufunsa ndikulandila chilolezo kuti agwire zolinga ali mumlengalenga ndi zabodza, malinga ndi Pierre Sprey, katswiri wakale wa Pentagon pa ndege zankhondo yemwe adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu popanga F-16. "Sizingatheke kuti uku kukadakhala kulumikizana kowona pakati pa woyendetsa ndege ndi wowongolera," Sprey adauza AlterNet, ponena za maakaunti a Selmo. “Nthawi yokhayo imene woyendetsa ndege angayambe kupempha kuti agunda chandamale ndi pamene akuona kulira kwa mfuti. Apo ayi zilibe nzeru. ”
Tsiku lotsatira kuphulitsa mabomba ku Russia ndi Syria kum'mawa kwa Aleppo komwe kuli zigawenga kudayamba pa Seputembara 22, a Reuters adatembenukira ku Selmo kuti awone momwe kuphulika kwaphulitsira ku Aleppo. Selmo molunjika analengeza, “Zimene zikuchitika panopa ndi chiwonongeko.”
Kutsatira mawu odabwitsawa, atolankhani aku Western adapitiliza kunena kuti Selmo ndi wosalowerera ndale. Pa Seputembara 26, a Reuters adabwerera ku White Helmet akugwiranso ntchito pansi pake, akunena kuyerekezera kwa "ogwira ntchito zachitetezo cha anthu" omwe sanatchulidwe ku Aleppo - zomwe zingatanthauze mamembala a White Helmets - kuti anthu a 400 anali ataphedwa kale pasanathe masiku asanu akuphulitsa mabomba ku Aleppo ndi kuzungulira. Koma patatha milungu itatu yathunthu yakupha mabomba ku United Nations ndi mabungwe ena Akuti kuti anthu a 360 adaphedwa pakuphulika kwa mabomba, kutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha White Helmet chinali chokwera kangapo kuposa momwe chingalembedwe ndi anthu omwe sali osagwirizana.
N'zoonekeratu kuti n'zovuta kuti atolankhani afotokoze zochitika monga kuukira kwa Syrian Red Crescent thandizo convoy ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba ku Aleppo kuchokera ku Istanbul kapena Beirut. Koma njala yofuna kudziwa zambiri yochokera pansi sikuyenera kupitilira udindo wowona magwero a vet. Selmo ndi Zipewa Zake Zoyera zikadayenera kuzindikirika momwe zilili: gwero lachigawenga lomwe likuwonetsa mphamvu zomwe bungweli liyenera kuyankha: zigawenga zomwe zalamulira kum'mawa kwa Aleppo, Idlib, ndi madera ena kumpoto kwa Syria.
Kudalira kosagwirizana ndi zomwe a White Helmet anena popanda kuyesetsa kulikonse kuti afufuze kukhulupirika kwawo ndi chitsanzo chinanso cha zolakwika za atolankhani zomwe zimachitidwa ndi ma TV omwe amakhala ndi mbiri yayitali yofotokoza za mikangano yokhudzana ndi nkhani yolowererapo.
