Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, March 22, 2022
Ndangodziwa ndikuwerenga buku la 2020 lolemba Ned Dobos, Ethics, Chitetezo, ndi Makina Ankhondo: Mtengo Weniweni wa Asilikali. Zimapanga mlandu wamphamvu kwambiri pakuthetsedwa kwa magulu ankhondo, ngakhale poganiza kuti mwina kapena sizinatero, kuti nkhaniyi iyenera kutengedwa pamwambo uliwonse.
Dobos amayika pambali funso lakuti ngati nkhondo iliyonse ingakhale yolungama, akutsutsa kuti "pakhoza kukhala zochitika zomwe ndalama ndi zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi gulu lankhondo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuti kukhalapo kwake kuyenera kukhala koyenera, ndipo izi ziri ngakhale tikuganiza kuti nkhondo ndi zofunika ndipo zimagwirizana ndi zofuna za makhalidwe abwino. "
Kotero uku sikutsutsana kotsutsa kukweza asilikali ndi kumenya nkhondo, koma (mwina) motsutsana ndi kukhalabe ndi asilikali okhazikika. Zoonadi nkhani yomwe takhala tikuchita nthawi zonse World BEYOND War ndikuti palibe nkhondo yomwe ingalungamitsidwe, yodzipatula, koma ngati ingakhale ikuyenera kuchita zabwino zambiri kuposa kuvulaza kuposa kuvulaza kwakukulu komwe kumachitika posunga usilikali ndikuchitidwa ndi nkhondo zonse zopanda chilungamo zomwe zimayendetsedwa kapena opangidwa ndi kusunga usilikali.
Mlandu womwe Dobos amapanga umadutsana kwambiri ndi womwewo World BEYOND War wakhala akupanga. Dobos imayang'ana pang'ono pazachuma, imakhudza kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe abwino kwa olembedwa, ikukambirana momwe magulu ankhondo amaika pangozi m'malo moteteza, amafufuza mozama za kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kuphatikizapo apolisi kuphatikizapo makalasi a mbiri yakale, ndipo ndithudi. limakhudza vuto la nkhondo zonse zosatsutsika zochitidwa ndi magulu ankhondo amene kukhalapo kwawo kowopsa kuli kolungamitsidwa ndi chiphunzitso chakuti nkhondo yolungama ingakhale yotheka tsiku lina.
Zotsutsana zapakati kuti World BEYOND War'Mlandu womwe wasowa kwambiri ku Dobos' ukuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi asitikali, kukokoloka kwa ufulu wa anthu, kulungamitsidwa kwachinsinsi cha boma, kulimbikitsa tsankho, komanso kuyambitsa chiopsezo cha nyukiliya.
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe Dobos amayang'ana, chomwe ndikuganiza timachiwona World BEYOND War sanayang'ane mokwanira, ndi momwe kusunga usilikali kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kulanda boma. Izi zinali zolimbikitsa kuti Costa Rica athetse usilikali wake. Malinga ndi Dobos ndizolimbikitsanso kugawikana kwa asitikali kukhala nthambi zambiri. (Ndikuganiza kuti izi zidachokera ku miyambo kapena chifukwa chokonda kusachita bwino komanso kusachita bwino.) Dobos akuwonetsanso zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe akatswiri, osakhala odzipereka atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kulanda boma. Ndikawonjezera kuti gulu lankhondo lomwe limathandizira kuti zigawenga zambiri zakunja zibweretse chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kulanda kunyumba. Ndizosamvetseka, poganizira zokambiranazi, kuti chinthu chokhacho chomwe ambiri omwe amadzudzula Purezidenti wakale waku US a Trump chifukwa chofuna kapena akufunabe kulanda ndikumenya nkhondo yayikulu ku US Capitol, osati zochepa.
Ngakhale pamene nkhani ya Dobos ikuphatikizana ndi mfundo zina zodziwika bwino, imakhala yodzaza ndi mfundo zofunika kuziganizira. Mwachitsanzo:
"Posachedwapa ... njira zodziwika bwino zachizoloŵezi ndi kuchotseratu umunthu zingawonjezedwe ndi njira za mankhwala zomwe zimateteza asilikali ku zovuta zamakhalidwe ndi zamaganizo za kumenyana. Beta-blocker Propranolol, mwachitsanzo, adayesedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda obwera chifukwa cha nkhondo monga post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito popumitsa maganizo; chisonkhezero chake munthu amene wakumana ndi chochitika chododometsa amakumbukira mwatsatanetsatane za chochitikacho, koma sakhala ndi malingaliro aliwonse poyankhapo. … Barry Romo, wogwirizira dziko la Vietnam Veterans Against the War, adachitcha kuti 'mapiritsi a mdierekezi', 'piritsi lachilombo', ndi 'mapiritsi odana ndi makhalidwe abwino'.
Pokambirana zomwe maphunziro a usilikali amachita kwa ophunzitsidwa, a Dobos amasiya mwayi woti kuphunzitsa ndi kukhazikitsa ziwawa kungapangitse kuti ziwawa zichitike pambuyo pa usilikali, kuphatikizapo chiwawa kwa anthu omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ofunika: "Kunena zomveka, palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe amapita kunkhondo amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu wamba omwe amachokera. Ngakhale ngati maphunziro omenyera nkhondo atawachititsa kuti asamachite zachiwawa, asilikali amaphunzitsidwanso kulemekeza ulamuliro, kutsatira malamulo, kudziletsa, ndi zina zotero.” Koma mfundo yakuti US misa owombera mopanda malire ma veterans akusokoneza.
Ned Dobos amaphunzitsa ku Australian [yotchedwa] Defense Force Academy. Amalemba momveka bwino komanso mosamalitsa, komanso ndi ulemu wosayenerera pazachabechabe zamtunduwu:
"Chitsanzo chaposachedwa kwambiri cha nkhondo yodzitetezera chinali kuukira kwa Iraq motsogozedwa ndi US ku 2003. Ngakhale kuti panalibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti Saddam Hussein akukonzekera kuukira United States kapena ogwirizana nawo, chiyembekezo chomwe angachite tsiku lina, kapena kuti apereke zida zankhondo zankhondo kwa zigawenga zomwe zingachite chiwembu choterocho, anapanga 'mlandu wokakamiza' kuti 'tichitepo kanthu moyembekezera kuti tidziteteze' malinga ndi kunena kwa George W. Bush.
Kapena izi:
"Mfundo ya Nkhondo Yachilungamo yomaliza imanena kuti njira zothetsera mtendere ziyenera kuthetsedwa musanagwiritse ntchito nkhondo, apo ayi nkhondo ilibe chilungamo chifukwa chosafunikira. Kutanthauzira kuwiri kwa chofunikira ichi kulipo. Baibulo la 'chronological' limati njira zonse zopanda chiwawa ziyenera kuyesedwa ndikulephera asilikali asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito movomerezeka. Kutanthauzira 'mwadongosolo' ndikosavuta. Zimangofuna kuti njira zina zonse ziganizidwe mozama. Ngati chigamulo chaperekedwa, mwachikhulupiriro, chakuti palibe njira ina yotero yomwe ingakhale yothandiza, ndiye kuti kupita kunkhondo kungakhale 'njira yomaliza' ngakhale pamene ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe timayesera."
Palibe paliponse pomwe Dobos - kapena monga momwe ndikudziwira wina aliyense - akufotokozera momwe zingawonekere kutha ntchito zomwe sizingakhale zankhondo. Dobos amafika paziganizo zake popanda kuganizira njira zina zolimbana ndi nkhondo, koma akuwonjezera ndemanga m'bukuli akuyang'ana mwachidule lingaliro la chitetezo cha anthu opanda zida. Saphatikiza chilichonse masomphenya okulirapo za zomwe zingatanthauze kuthandizira malamulo, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano, kupereka chithandizo chenicheni m'malo mwa zida, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikuyembekeza kuti bukuli likufikira anthu ambiri omwe ali omasuka kwa iwo - mwina kudzera m'makalasi, popeza ndikukayika kuti anthu ambiri akuligula $64, mtengo wotsika mtengo womwe ndingapeze pa intaneti.
Ngakhale kuti bukhuli likuyimira kuchokera kwa ena onse omwe ali mndandanda wotsatirawu mosatsutsa momveka bwino za kuthetsedwa kwa nkhondo, ndikuwonjezera pamndandanda, chifukwa limapangitsa kuti lithetsedwe, kaya likufuna kapena ayi.
NKHONDO YOMAGWIRIZO WA NKHONDO:
Ethics, Security, and The War-Machine: The True Cost of the Military ndi Ned Dobos, 2020.
Kuzindikira Ntchito Zankhondo Wolemba Christian Sorensen, 2020.
Sipadzakhalanso Nkhondo lolemba ndi Dan Kovalik, 2020.
Kuteteza Anthu lolemba Jørgen Johansen ndi Brian Martin, 2019.
Kuphatikizidwa Kuphatikizidwa: Bukhu Lachiwiri: America Amakonda Nthawi ndi Mumia Abu Jamal ndi Stephen Vittoria, 2018.
Okonza Mtendere: Oopsya a Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki Ayankhula ndi Melinda Clarke, 2018.
Kulepheretsa Nkhondo ndi Kulimbikitsa Mtendere: Chitsogozo cha Ophunzira Zaumoyo lolembedwa ndi William Wiist ndi Shelley White, 2017.
Ndondomeko Yamalonda Yamtendere: Kumanga Dziko Lopanda Nkhondo ndi Scilla Elworthy, 2017.
Nkhondo Sitili Yokha ndi David Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017 .
Mlandu Wopambana Kulimbana ndi Nkhondo: Nchiyani America Anasowa M'kalasi Yakale ya US ndi zomwe Ife (Zonse) Tingachite Tsopano ndi Kathy Beckwith, 2015.
Nkhondo: A Crimea Against Humanity ndi Roberto Vivo, 2014.
Kuchita Chikatolika ndi Kuthetsa Nkhondo ndi David Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Nkhondo ndi Kuphulika: Kufufuza Kwambiri Laurie Calhoun, 2013.
Kusintha: Chiyambi Cha Nkhondo, Kutha kwa Nkhondo ndi Judith Hand, 2013.
Nkhondo Sipadzakhalanso: Mlandu Wothetseratu ndi David Swanson, 2013.
Mapeto a Nkhondo ndi John Horgan, 2012.
Kusandulika ku Mtendere ndi Russell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kuchokera ku Nkhondo kupita ku Mtendere: Zotsogoleredwa Kwa Zaka Zaka Zitapitazo ndi Kent Shifferd, 2011.
Nkhondo Ndi Bodza ndi David Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo: Ubwino Wathu wa Mtendere ndi Douglas Fry, 2009.
Kulimbana ndi Nkhondo ndi Winslow Myers, 2009.
Kukhetsedwa Mwazi Kwambiri: Malangizo 101 Achiwawa, Zowopsa, Ndi Nkhondo Lolemba ndi Mary-Wynne Ashford ndi Guy Dauncey, 2006.
Dziko Lapansi: Zida Zankhondo Posachedwa lolemba Rosalie Bertell, 2001.
Anyamata Adzakhala Anyamata: Kuswa Mgwirizano Pakati Pa Umuna Ndi Chiwawa cholembedwa ndi Myriam Miedzian, 1991.
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