Sun Tzu: The Ass of War

ndi David Swanson, December 10, 2017

kuchokera DavidSwanson.org

Sun Tzu, yemwe buku lake, Art of War, inalembedwa zaka zina za 2,500 zapitazo panthawi ya nkhondo yowonjezereka, ndipo inafalikira kumadzulo zaka zina za 100 zapitazo (nthawi yokha ya nkhondo zowonongeka), ndiyo chitsanzo chotsogolera cha cholakwika ndi kukumba machitidwe akale monga zitsogozo zochitira lero madera a nkhondo ndi mtendere.

"Kuti zotsatira za ankhondo anu zikhale ngati mwala wopunthira pa dzira - izi zimachitidwa ndi sayansi ya zofooka ndi zolimba."

"Nzeru" izi sizikuthandizani pa zamakono zamakono payekha, ndipo ngakhale zocheperapo kwa woimira mtendere; komabe zikuganiziridwa kukhala zogwirizana kwa onse, kukhazikitsa maziko amodzi, komanso kukhala ndi tanthauzo losasinthika.

"Koma ufumu umene unawonongedwa kale sungabwererenso kukhalapo; ndipo akufa sangakhalenso ndi moyo. "

Werengani izi mwatcheru ngati kuti mukupeza nzeru zatsopano. Ngati mungathe, ndinu wojambula wankhondo kuposa ine.

"Nkhondo yotsutsa nkhondo iyenera kuphunzira nzeru za iwo omwe adziwa luso la nkhondo, kuchokera kwa Kaisara kupita ku Napoleon, kuchokera ku Sun Tzu mpaka ku Clausewitz," akutero Scott Ritter. ndipo Paul Chappell akutiuza kuti asilikali a US akuphunzira kuchokera ku nzeru za Sun Tzu ndi Gandhi. Komabe, monga Chappell akufotokozera, phunziro lomwe nkhondoyo iyenera kupeŵedwa sikugwira ntchito ku bungwe lopanga nkhondo ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku ntchito yamuyaya.

Sun Tzu imapereka nzeru zotsatirazi: Ndi bwino kulanda dziko lokhazikika kusiyana ndi kuliwononga mu njirayi. (Korasi: Ahhhh! Ooooooooh!) Koma mayiko sagwidwa pa bolodi la masewera lonse la 21st lonse lamasewera. Ntchito sizimalekerera.

Mu Sun Tzu pali malo asanu ndi anayi olimbana ndi nkhondo pa: nthaka yanu, yomwe ili patali, kupita kumadera akunja, zomwe zimapindulitsa kumbali, kumsewu, kumsewu, m'madera ovuta, nthaka yovuta, nthaka ndizovuta kuti tifike, ndipo malo osokonezeka omwe amayenera kupulumuka nthawi yomweyo. Palibe imodzi yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri ku US Air Force kapena gulu la mtendere la US.

M'masinthidwe atsopano asilikali a ku America adzakhala ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri iyi: nthaka ndi abambo, amayi, ana, ndi boma kuti ligonjetsedwe; nthaka ndi abambo, amai, ana, ndi boma kuti likhale lokonzekera; nthaka ndi abambo, amai, ana, komanso onse boma ndi kukana kuwonongedwa; kumakhala ndi amuna, akazi, ana, komanso oyenera kuwonetsa zida zatsopano; pansi ndi makasitomala a zida kuti apulumutsidwe; mafuta ndi opiamu kupanga kuti asapulumuke; nthaka ndi chiopsezo chopha anthu oyera; nthaka ndi zida zotsutsana ndi ndege; ndi mabomba a nyukiliya.

Dziko lapansi ndi losiyana, nkhondo ndi yosiyana, ndipo mtendere ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhondo ya Master Sun kuti atithandize. Inde, ndithudi, Chappell ndizabwino kuti kupeŵa nkhondo kuli bwino kuposa kulimbana ndi nkhondo. Inde, ndithudi, Ritter ndi yolondola kuti gulu la mtendere liyenera kuganiza bwino. Koma zitsanzo za malingaliro oterewa angatipindulitse ndizo zopambana zosasunthika zomwe zasintha miyambo, osati anzeru akale omwe amatiuza kuti tisagonjetse pamene mdani ali mumtsinje. Bunk ili silinatithandizire ngati mafanizo omwe timapereka nzeru zomwe tinali nazo kale.

"Ndizofuna kumenya nkhondo kuti tisamapite kukwera kukamenyana ndi adani, osati kumutsutsa iye atabwera pansi."

Kodi izi zikuwonjezera chidziwitso chathu? Kapena, m'malo mwake, chimachotsa chiyani? Ndilo vuto. Pali zina zomwe zili muzolemba za Sun Tzu, ndipo ndizovuta komanso zosagwirizana ndi nkhondo yomaliza kapena kupanga mtendere. Ntchito yonse ya Sun Tzu imachokera ku lingaliro lakuti nkhondo ikhoza kuchitidwa bwino. Pulezident "wotsatira" monga Al Franken kapena congressman monga Tom Perriello akukuuzani kuti nkhondo ya 2003-panopa pa Iraq "iyenera kuti ichitidwe bwino" kuti "apambane," iwo ali opambana ojambula nkhondo.

Koma "kupambana" sikukhalaponso monga momwe zinthu zingatchulidwe. Mmodzi sagonjetsa mabomba a midzi ya anthu. Mmodzi akupitiriza kuchita zimenezo kapena amasiya kuchita. Ndizomwezo. Komabe mafanizi a Sun Tzu adzakuuzani kuti chofunika kuti "kupambana" ndicho kusunga chilichonse chinsinsi, kunama za chirichonse, kunyenga nthawi zonse, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito "zokambirana" monga mtumiki wa nkhondo.

"O luso laumulungu lachinsinsi ndi chinsinsi! Kupyolera mwa inu timaphunzira kukhala osawoneka, kupyolera mwa inu inaudible, ndipo motero tingathe kugonjetsa tsogolo la mdani m'manja mwathu. "

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"Khalani wochenjera! Khalani wochenjera! ndi kugwiritsa ntchito azondi anu pa mtundu uliwonse wa bizinesi.

"Ngati chinsinsi chachinsinsi chikufotokozedwa ndi azondi nthawi isanakwane, ayenera kuphedwa limodzi ndi munthu yemwe chinsinsicho chinamuuza."

Izi zikukhulupiliridwabe kwambiri mu nthawi yomwe ilibe nkhondo, palibe nkhondo zomwe zimenyedwera ndi malupanga kapena magaleta, sizidzakhalanso nkhondo zomwe ophedwa ndizo makamaka asilikali. Ndipo ngakhale iwo omwe amatsutsa nkhondo, ngakhalenso iwo omwe amafunsa chilango chokhwimitsa chifukwa cha oimba maliro, samafunsa molakwika lingaliro lenileni lachinsinsi kapena lingaliro lomwe limachokera, omwe ndi adani. Koma chinsinsi chimatuluka popanda adani, ndipo adani amatha popanda nkhondo - nkhondo monga maganizo osatha, ngakhale pakati pa anthu amene amatsutsa za momwe kulili koyenera kupewa nkhondo ngati n'kotheka.

"Njira yokhayo yopewera nkhondo ndikudziwa momwe mungalimbikitsire ndi kupambana bwino kuposa mdani wanu." Zachokera ku mawu oyamba a Dallas Galvin ku mtundu wa Barnes & Noble wa Art of War, ndipo ndi zopusa. Tangoganizani wina akulankhula ndi nkhope yolunjika:

Njira yokhayo yopezera kuchepa ndi kudziwa momwe mungagwirire bwino kuposa mdani wanu.

Njira yokha yolepheretsa ukapolo ndikudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ukapolo bwino kuposa mdani wanu.

Njira yokhayo yopezera kuwononga magazi ndiyo kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino kuposa mdani wanu.

Kusiyanitsa zopanda pake izi ndi zolemba zamtengo wapatali:

Mukamaphunzira ndi kukonzekera nkhondo, nkhondo zomwe mumalimbana nazo.

Sun Tzu akuti kupeŵa nkhondo zowonjezereka, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukufunkha ndi kulanda katundu kuti muthandize asilikali anu. Koma ufumu wapadziko lonse uyenera kukhala mu nkhondo yosatha, ndipo ukhoza kulanda ndi kulanda maiko osauka a padziko lapansi ndikusamaliranso Lockheed Martin.

Kufunafuna mtendere kumafuna kulimbana kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi zosiyana ndi kubwombera ndi kufunkha.

"Sun Tzu adati: Pali njira zisanu zowonongeka ndi moto. Yoyamba ndiyo kuwotcha asilikali kumsasa wawo; yachiwiri ndi kuwotcha masitolo; lachitatu ndi kutentha-sitima; lachinayi ndikutentha zida ndi magazini; Chachisanu ndikuponya moto pakati pa adani. "

Mndandanda wa Pentagon womwe umasinthidwa umapita mazana. Kodi chopereka ichi chochepa chophatikizapo zisanu chikuwonjezera chiyani? Koma gulu la mtendere silimapindula mwa kuyesera kuti mudziwe ndani kapena chotani chomwe chingamenyane ndi moto. Kodi gulu la mtendere liyenera kukhala luso? Mwachiwonekere. Zakhala zikudzifotokozera zokha kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndipo palibe mawu amodzi otsutsa. Koma kunama, kunyenga, kuchita mofulumira asanatsike, ndi kutentha zonse ndi moto ndizolakwika. Mphamvu yapadera ndi yolakwika. Nzeru yachikale yakale ndi yolakwika.

Sun Tzu imanena kuti iye amene adziwa yekha ndi mdani wake ndi zina zotero adzapambana. Kenaka akunena kuti podziwa mbali yomwe ali ndi mphamvu akhoza kuneneratu zomwe zidzapambane. Izi ndizochabechabechabe, koma kuzindikira momveka bwino kuti kudziwa mbali imodzi sikukuthandizani. Kudzipereka kwa mbali imodzi kumanama ndi kudzinyenga kumatsimikizira kuti kulibe mtendere kosatha.

Gulu la mtendere, kuti liziyenda bwino, likusowa anthu ndi ndalama, lifuna choonadi ndi kukhulupilika, limafuna anthu ambiri, limafuna kulumikiza dziko lonse lapansi lomwe likukana kukonza kwa adani, liyenera kukhala losalekeza ndi kupirira. Icho chiyenera kuthana ndi mavuto omwe angapambane polimbana ndi ndondomeko zinazake ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu cha world beyond war. Sichiyenera kulingalira za mtendere monga kutentha. Sichiyenera kuwononga, kuopseza, kapena kunyenga mdani wamkulu amene amalandiridwa nkhondo. Icho chiyenera kuchotsa adani mwa kuwapanga iwo ogwirizana. Icho chiyenera kuyendetsa otsogolera olimbana nawo popanda kuwaganizira ngati anthu amene ayenera kuwonongedwa ndi moto.