Wolemba Amee Chew, Meyi 20, 2020
kuchokera Jacobin
Pa Epulo 30, dipatimenti ya United States idalengeza ziwiri mikono malonda ku Philippines okwana pafupifupi 2 biliyoni. Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Bell Textron, ndi General Zamagetsi ndi opanga zida waukulu inapemphedwa phindu pa tichite.
Kutsatira kulengeza, zenera la masiku makumi atatu kuti Congress ikawunikenso ndikutsutsa mawu pakugulitsa kunayamba. Ndikofunikira kuti tisiye izi zovuta thandizo asilikali chifukwa boma Philippines pulezidenti Rodrigo Duterte a.
Mbiri ya ufulu waumunthu wa Duterte ndiyabwino. Ngati zogulitsa manja udzadutsa, izo escalate ndi crackdown akuchuluka pa zokometsera ufulu pa dissent - pamene akuchuluka ndi bloodbath mosalekeza. Duterte ndiwotchuka poyambitsa "Nkhondo Yokhudza Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo" yomwe kuyambira 2016 yatenga miyoyo ya anthu ambiri zikwi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, Makamaka anthu amene amapeza ndalama zochepa, pomaliza anaphedwa ndi apolisi ndipo vigilantes.
Mu zaka XNUMX zoyambirira za Duterte, pafupifupi mazana atatu atolankhani, maloya omenyera ufulu wa anthu, akatswiri azachilengedwe, atsogoleri a anthu wamba, mabungwe azamalonda, komanso omenyera ufulu wa anthu anaphedwa. The Philippines wakhala pachikhalidwe ndi azifa dziko kwa zachilengedwe mdziko lapansi pambuyo pa Brazil. ambiri a kuphedwa kumeneku kulumikizidwa lankhondo Antchito. Tsopano, Duterte akugwiritsa ntchito COVID-19 ngati chinyengo chofuna kupitilizabe kunkhondo komanso kupondaponda, ngakhale panali zotsatirapo zoyipa zaumoyo waboma.
Padziko lonse, ndipo makamaka kwa United States, ndi COVID 19 mliri ali anatsindika mmene kuwonjezeka asilikali mphamvu njira akuchuluka pafupifupi anthu bwino. Boma la US likubwezeretsanso chuma posakaza nkhondo zothandiza pantchito zankhondo, m'malo mwa ntchito zaumoyo ndi zosowa za anthu. Bajeti ya Pentagon yojambulidwa matrilioni sachitapo kanthu kuti atiteteze ku ngozi zaumoyo wa anthu ndipo alephera kukhazikitsa chitetezo chenicheni. Kukhazikikanso kwathunthu kwazinthu zoyambira kukhala kutali ndi zisankhidwe, kuno ndi kunjaku, ndi kulimbikitsa zomangamanga zaku chisamaliro zingathe kuchita izi.
Kuyankha Kwankhondo kwa a Duterte ku COVID-19
Bvuto la COVID-19 lakhala ngati chowerengera kwa Duterte kuti akakamize malo omenyera usilikali, kumangidwa kochitidwa, komanso malamulo azankhondo aku Philippines. Pofika kumapeto kwa Epulo, pa 120,000 anthu akhala ukutchulidwa chifukwa chophwanya kwaokha, ndipo pa 30,000 kumangidwa - ngakhale kuli kwachulukirachulukira mu ndende za ku Philippines, kale zikuchulukirachulukira ndi nkhondo mankhwala. Apolisi oti "khalani kunyumba" amakakamizidwa ndi apolisi, monganso m'mizinda yambiri osauka, anthu amakhala akugwirana chanza.
Popanda zasungidwa tsiku, anthu ambiri amakhala ofunitsitsa chakudya. Ndi mochedwa April, ambiri mabanja indigent anali sanalandiridwe thandizo lililonse laboma. A zikwi okhala Pasay anakakamizika mu kusowa pokhala pamene tawuni yawo mwamwayi anali anawononga mdzina lachivomerezo poyambira kutsekeka, monganso anthu osowa pokhala amangidwa ndikuponyedwa mundende.
Duterte wayika lankhondo oyang'anira yankho la COVID-19. Pa Epulo 1, adalamula asitikali kuti "mphukira akufa"Kwaokha ophwanya. Ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu udatha. Tsiku lotsatira, mlimi, Junie Dungog Piñar, adawomberedwa ndikuphedwa ndi apolisi chifukwa chophwanya lamulo lotseguka la COVID-19 ku Agusan del Norte, Mindanao.
Apolisi atero zokhoma patakhazikitsidwa ophwanya osayenera galu, wogwiritsidwa ntchito kuzunzidwa ndi kuchititsidwa chipongwe monga chilango LGBT anthu, ndi kumenyedwa ndi kumangidwa anthu osauka akumatauni zionetsero chakudya. Kumenyedwa ndi kupha kukakamiza "kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu komwe kukukhala" komweko kupitiliza. Other nkhanza boma zadzadza, monga mphunzitsi amene anamangidwa kokha lolemba "n'zothandiza" ndemanga pa chikhalidwe TV kuti akuletsa kusowa chithandizo cha boma, kapena filmmaker amene ali m'ndende mausiku awiri wopanda waranti ngati chiphokoso pa COVID-19.
Thandizo la Mutual Aid, Solidarity, ndi Resistance
Panthawi yanjala, kusowa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, kupsinjika koopsa, mabungwe oyenda pansi pamadzi akhazikitsa njira zothandizirana komanso zopereka zothandizira anthu osauka. mankhwala Covid, Zopezera odzipereka kudutsa mabungwe ambirimbiri mu wamkulu Metro Manila dera, bungwe mapaketi mpumulo ndi m'makhitchini m'dera anthu ambirimbiri, pamene tikugwira am'deramo kulimbitsa chithandizo mangawawo. Okonza mabungwe akufuna kuyesa misa, ntchito zofunika, komanso kutha kwa yankho la asitikali a COVID-19.
Kadamay ndi bungwe lokhala ndi unyinji wa anthu osauka okhala kumizinda mazana awiri kudutsa Philippines komwe kuli kutsogolo kukaniza nkhondo ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Duterte kubwezera nyumba zopanda anthu okhala. Mu 2017, Kadamay adatsogolera anthu zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri osowa pokhala pantchito zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi nyumba zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa apolisi ndi ankhondo ku Pandi, Bulacan. Ngakhale akupsinjidwa ndi kuopsezedwa, #OsakuBulacan Mpaka lero.
Ndi COVID-19, Kadamay adatsogolera ntchito zothandizirana komanso #ProtestFromHome pot-banging zochita, ndi mavidiyo kufalitsidwa pawailesi yakanema, kufuna thandizo ndi ntchito zaumoyo, osati nkhondo. Potembenuza pomwepo pakubwera mpungwepungwe wina, mneneri wa dziko la Kadamay, Ine Doringo, adawopsezedwa ndi kumangidwa. Ku Bulacan, mtsogoleri wam'deralo adatengedwa kupita kumalo osungirako ankhondo ndipo adauzidwa kuti letsa ntchito zonse zandale Ndipo "adzipereke" ku boma kapena sakanapeza thandizo.
Kuyesera pakuthandizirana kuchitika mobwerezabwereza ndikuyang'aniridwa. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo, apolisi amanga anthu ambiri odzipereka, kupatula ogulitsa mumsewu ndi omwe akufuna chakudya. Pa Epulo 19, odzipereka asanu ndi awiri othandizira a Sagip Kanayunan adamangidwa adakali m'njira yogawa chakudya ku Bulacan ndipo pambuyo pake adaimbidwa mlandu woutsa. Pa Epulo 24, nzika makumi asanu zosawuka kumzinda wa Quezon City kuphatikiza wodzipereka adamangidwa chifukwa chosanyamula anthu okhawo kapena kuvala zomata kumaso. Pa 1 Meyi, odzipereka khumi kuchititsa mpumulo ndi bungwe la azimayi GABRIELA adamangidwa pomwe akutsogolera chakudya cha anthu mumzinda wa Marikina. Kuwona izi si ngozi.
Kuyambira chaka cha 2018, oyang'anira a Duterte adalamula kuti "dziko lonse lapansi" lipange nawo mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi boma osiyanasiyana mabungwe aboma, ndipo zotsatira zake kuwonjezeka kuponderezedwa motsutsana ndi okonza madera komanso oteteza ufulu wa anthu.
Zovuta zomwe zachitika chifukwa chothandizirana komanso kupulumutsidwa zapangitsa kuti makamponi azama TV "siyani kusamalira chisawawa ndi dera lanu. " Sungani San Roque, intaneti yothandizira kukana kwa okhala m'mizinda yosauka kuti isawonongedwe, yayamba a pempho kumasula anthu odzipereka ndi onse ophwanya malamulo oyenda okha. Human Ufulu mabungwe nawonso kupempha kumasulidwa kwa andende andale, ambiri alimi omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa, ogwira ntchito pazamalonda, komanso omenyera ufulu wa anthu akukumana ndi milandu yabodza, kuphatikizapo okalamba ndi odwala.
Zotsatira zachindunji zomwe boma likuyang'ana pazankhondo, m'malo mothandizidwa mokwanira ndi zaumoyo, chakudya, ndi ntchito, Philippines ili pakati pa ambiri kwambiri Mabokosi a COVID-19 ku Southeast Asia, ndipo miliri ikukula kwambiri.
Mizu ya atsamunda
Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa US-Phillippine pano udayambira ku koloni ya US ndikulanda dziko la Philippines zaka zana zapitazo. Ngakhale adapatsa ufulu ku Philippines mu 1946, United States yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito mapangano osagwirizana komanso kukhalapo kwawo asitikali kuti dziko la Philippines lithandizidwe kuyambira pano. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kufunsa olamulira a oligarchic ndikutchinjiriza kukonzanso malo kunatsimikizira kuti ku United States mitengo yotsika mtengo ya ulimi. Asitikali aku US anathandiza kuthana ndi zigawenga zomwe zimapitilira. Thandizo lankhondo ku US likupitilirabe kuthandiza kuthamangitsa zinthu zachilengedwe ku Philippines, kugulitsa malo, ndikudzudzula kwa anthu wamba komanso anthu ovutikira kumenyera ufulu wa malo - makamaka ku Mindanao, nyumba yamakominisi, azomvera, komanso yotsutsana ndi Asilamu. machitidwe.
Gulu lankhondo la ku Philippines likuyang'ana kwambiri zakumabanja, likuwongolera kwambiri ziwopsezo kwa anthu osauka komanso amisala m'malire awo. Ntchito zankhondo zaku Philippines ndi apolisi ndizogwirizana kwambiri. M'malo mwake, m'mbuyomu apolisi aku Philippine adayamba kugwira ntchito zosafunikira panthawi ya atsamunda ku US.
Gulu lankhondo la US lokha limasunga gulu lankhondo ku Philippines kudzera mu Operation Pacific Eagle ndi masewera ena olimbitsa thupi. M'dzina la "counterterrorism," thandizo lankhondo laku US likuthandizira Duterte kumenya nthaka yanthaka ya Philippine ndikubwezeretsa wotsutsana nawo.
Kuyambira 2017, Duterte akhazikitsa lamulo lankhondo ku Mindanao, komwe akhala akubwereza adaponya mabomba. Asitikali ankhondo atha Anthu a 450,000. Kwachitika ndi thandizo la US komanso ntchito zogwirizana, Ntchito zankhondo za Duterte zikuphatikiza kampaniyo kulanda malo za malo achilengedwe komanso kupha anthu of alimi kukonza ufulu wawo. Paramilitaries mothandizidwa ndi magulu ankhondo akuwopseza madera akumidzi, akulozera masukulu ndi aphunzitsi.
Mu february, ntchito yolengezedwa asanachitike, Duterte adachotsa pangano la Philippines-United States. Pamwamba, izi zinali kuyankha ku United States kukana visa kwa wamkulu wa apolisi wankhondo wakale Ronald "Bato" Dela Rosa. Komabe, kubwezera kwa Duterte kwa VFA sikugwira ntchito mwachangu, ndipo kumangoyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kukonzanso. Chizindikiro chogulitsa mikono kuti Trump akufuna kulimbikitsa thandizo lake lankhondo ku Duterte. Pentagon imayesetsa kusamalira mgwirizano “wapagulu” pankhondo.
Tsirizani Thandizo Lankhondo la US
Gulu lomwe likukula padziko lonse lapansi, mogwirizana ndi nzika zaku Philippines komanso Philippines, likuyitanitsa kutha kwa thandizo lankhondo ku Philippines. Zothandizira zankhondo zaku US mwachindunji kuulamuliro wa Duterte zidakwana zoposa $ 193.5 milioni mu 2018, osawerengera ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kale komanso zida zoperekedwa zopanda phindu. Thandizo lankhondo lilinso ndi zopereka kugula zida, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa makontrakitala aku US. Mofananamo, boma la US limayang'anira kayendedwe ka malonda akugulitsa kumayiko akunja - monga malonda omwe akuyembekezeredwa. Ogulitsidwa ndi boma la US nthawi zambiri amakhala ndalama zothandizira anthu wamba, pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zathu za msonkho ku US kuti amalize kugula. Congress iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kuti ichotse malonda omwe akudikirawa.
Zomwe zaposachedwa zikupanga $ 2 biliyoni mikono zogulitsa imaphatikizapo ma helikopita okwanira khumi ndi awiri, mazana ambiri a mivi ndi mfuti, kuwongolera ndi kuwunika, mfuti zamakina, ndi zopitilira mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu. Dipatimenti ya boma imanenanso izi, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "counterterrorism" -. kuponderezedwa mkati Philippines.
Chifukwa chosowa kuwonekera komanso a Duterte mwadala zoyesayesa kuti muthane ndi mayendedwe othandizira, zida zankhondo zaku US zitha kumapeto kupereka zida kwa gulu lankhondo lomwe likugwira nkhondo ya Duterte ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhala maso, kapena ma paramilitaries, osasamala ndi ena.
A Duterte akugwiritsa ntchito mliriwu ngati zonamizira kuti apitiliza kupwanya atsogoleri andale. Tsopano ali ndi mphamvu zapadera zadzidzidzi. Ngakhale mliriwu usanachitike, mu Okutobala 2019, apolisi ndi ankhondo anaukira maofesi a GABRIELA, chipani chotsutsa Bayan Muna, ndi National Federation of Sugar Workers, kumanga anthu opitirira makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi awiri ku Bacolod City ndi Metro Manila posesa limodzi.
Kupunthwa kukuchulukirachulukira. Pa Epulo 30, patadutsa milungu ingapo apolisi akuwopseza kuti achititse mapulogalamu odyetsa, Jory Porquia, yemwe anali membala woyambitsa wa Bayan Muna, adaphedwa mkati mwa nyumba yake ku Iloilo. Otsutsa oposa makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi limodzi ndi ogwira ntchito yopereka chithandizo adamangidwa mosaloledwa Zavuta, kuphatikiza odzipereka anayi othandizira achinyamata ku Quezon City, okhala anayi omwe adayika zithunzi za pa intaneti za "kuchita zionetsero kunyumba" ku Valenzuela, awiri Unionists akugwirizira zikwatu ku Rizal, ndipo anthu makumi anayi ndi awiri akuchita chiwonetsero chodzitetezera ufulu wa anthu omwe adaphedwa Porquia ku Iloilo. Ogwira ntchito khumi ndi m'modzi mu Fakitala ya Coca-Cola ku Laguna adabedwa ndipo amakakamizidwa ndi asirikali kuti "Kudzipereka" ngati zigawenga zankhondo.
Makina ankhondo aku US amapindulitsa omanga ake obisika pothapira. Mliri wa COVID-19 usanachitike, Boeing adadalira Pentagon ya lachitatu cha ndalama zake. Mu Epulo, Boeing adalandila chiphaso cha $ Miliyoni 882 kuyambitsanso mgwirizano wopumira wa Air Force - yowonjezera ndege yomwe, kwenikweni, ndiyopanda pake. Koma opanga zida zopangira ndalama ndi zina zothandizira nkhondo asakhale ndi mwayi wotsogoza ndale zakunja.
Congress ili ndi mphamvu zoletsa izi koma iyenera kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Rep. Ilhan Omar ali adayambitsidwa lamulo loletsa kuphatikiza ozunza anthu monga Duterte. Mwezi uno, a Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse wa Ufulu wa Anthu ku Philippines, Communications Workers of America, ndi ena adzakhazikitsa chikwangwani chothetsa thandizo lankhondo ku Philippines. Pakadali pano, tiyenera kulimbikitsa Congress kuti iyimitse kugulitsa zida zankhondo ku Philippines, pempho ili zofuna.
Mliri wa COVID-19 ukuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse motsutsana ndi zankhondo ndi chisangalalo. Mukumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi mayendedwe aku US, pano ndi kunja, mayendedwe athu azithandizana.
Amee Chew ali ndi udokotala m'maphunziro aku America komanso mitundu ndipo ndi Mellon-ACLS Public Fellow.
