Woyang'anira sitima zapamadzi za Soviet omwe anasiya nkhondo ya nyukiliya analemekezedwa ndi mphoto

Mkulu wapamwamba wa Soviet submarine amene analetsa kuphulika kwa nkhondo ya nyukiliya m'nyengo yozizira ndikutamandidwa ndi mphoto yatsopano, zaka 55 mpaka tsiku lochita zinthu molimba mtima linathetsa mavuto onse padziko lapansi.

Pa 27 October 1962, Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov anali m'bwalo lamanzere la Soviet B-59 pafupi Cuba pamene magulu a US akuyamba kugwetsa milandu yosadzipha. Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi inakonzedwa kuti ikulimbikitse asilikali oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi za Soviet kuti apitirize, anthu a B-59 anali atapanga ndalama ndipo sankadziwa cholinga chawo. Iwo ankaganiza kuti akuchitira umboni chiyambi cha nkhondo yachitatu yapadziko lonse.

Atagwidwa m'ngalawa yamadzi yowonongeka - mpweya wabwino sunali wogwira ntchito - antchito ankaopa imfa. Koma, osadziwika ndi mphamvu za US, adali ndi chida chapadera pa zida zawo: kilotonne nuclear torpedo khumi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, alondawo anali ndi chilolezo choti awunike popanda kuyembekezera kuti avomereze kuchokera ku Moscow.

Akuluakulu awiri a oyendetsa sitimayo - kuphatikizapo woyang'anira, Valentin Savitsky - ankafuna kutsegula msilikali. Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku US National Security Archive, Savitsky anadandaula kuti: "Ife tikuwawombera tsopano! Tidzafa, koma tidzawamwetsa onse - sitidzachita manyazi ndi sitimayo. "

Koma panali phala lamtengo wapatali: oyang'anira onse atatu omwe ali pamtunda ankayenera kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito chida. Chotsatira chake, mkhalidwe wa chipinda choyang'anira unasintha mosiyana. Arkhipov anakana kuvomereza kukonza kwa chida ndipo adatsitsa woyendetsa pansi. The torpedo sanachotsedwe.

Zikanakhala zitayambika, tsogolo la dziko likanakhala losiyana kwambiri: chiwonongekochi mwina chidayambitsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya yomwe ikanapangitsa kuti dziko lonse liwonongeke, ndi anthu osawerengeka omwe amwalira.

"Phunziro ili ndilokuti mnyamata wotchedwa Vasili Arkhipov anapulumutsa dziko," Thomas Blanton, mkulu wa National Security Archive ku University of George Washington, analankhula ndi Boston Globe mu 2002, pamsonkhano womwe mndandanda wa zochitikazo unafufuzidwa.

Tsopano, zaka za 55 atatha nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi zaka 19 pambuyo pa imfa yake, Arkhipov ayenera kulemekezedwa, ndipo banja lake ndilo loyamba kulandira mphotho yatsopano.

Mphoto, yotchedwa "Future of Life mphoto" ndi ubongo wa tsogolo la moyo wa bungwe la United States lomwe liri ndi cholinga chofuna kuopseza anthu ndipo omwe ali ndi uphungu wazinthu monga Elon Musk, Prof. Rees, ndi wojambula Morgan Freeman.

"Mphoto ya Tsogolo la Moyo ndi mphoto yomwe inaperekedwa chifukwa cha chitukuko chomwe chapindulitsa kwambiri mtundu wa anthu, chinachitidwa ngakhale chiopsezo chenicheni ndipo popanda kupindula panthawiyo," adatero Max Tegmark, pulofesa wa sayansi ku MIT ndi mtsogoleri wa Future of Life Institute.

Kulankhula ndi Tegmark, mwana wamkazi wa Arkhipov, Elena Andriukova, adati banjali linayamika mphothoyo, ndipo adazindikira kuti Arkhipov adachitapo kanthu.

"Nthawi zonse ankaganiza kuti anachita zomwe ankachita ndipo sanaganizire kuti zochita zake ndizokhalitsa. Iye anachita ngati munthu yemwe amadziwa mtundu wa masoka omwe angabwere kuchokera ku dzuwa. " "Iye anachita mbali yake mtsogolo kuti aliyense akhale ndi moyo padziko lapansili."

Mphoto ya $ 50,000 idzaperekedwa kwa mdzukulu wa Arkhipov, Sergei, ndi Andriukova ku Institute of Engineering ndi Technology Lachisanu madzulo.

Beatrice Fihn, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa a Gulu la Nobel lopambana mphoto, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, adati zochita za Arkhipov zinali zikumbutso za momwe dziko lapansi linakhalira pamphepete mwa tsoka. "Nkhani ya Arkhipov imasonyeza momwe ife takhala tikuyandikira kwambiri kuopsa kwa nyukiliya," adatero.

Nthaŵi ya mphoto, Fihn anawonjezera, ndi yoyenera. "Pamene chiopsezo cha nkhondo ya nyukiliya chikukwera pakalipano, onse akuyenera kuti alowe mgwirizano mwamsanga potsutsa zida za nyukiliya kuti tipewe ngozi zoterezo. "

Dr Jonathan Colman, katswiri wa mavuto a misasa ku Cuba ku University of Central Lancashire, adavomereza kuti mphotoyo inali yoyenera.

"Ngakhale kuti nkhani zimasiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zinapitilira B-59, zikuonekeratu kuti Arkhipov ndi ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchitoyi anali pansi pa mikangano yovuta kwambiri komanso mavuto. Nyukiliya itatha kudutsa, zimakhala zovuta kuganiza kuti genie akanatha kubwezeretsamo mu botolo, "adatero.

"Pulezidenti Kennedy anali atakayikira kuti mwina pali nkhondo pakati pa zida zankhondo za ku America ndi Soviet undermarines ku Caribbean, ndipo ziri zomveka kuti mantha ake anali olondola," Colman anawonjezera, podziwa kuti zosankha zina pamagwiridwe ake zinali kunja kwake kulamulira. "Potsirizira pake, anali ndi mwayi ngakhale olamulira omwe anaonetsetsa kuti vuto la misisi lidzatha popanda zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri."