ndi Gareth Porter, March 16, 2018
kuchokera ChoonadiDig
Kufotokozedwa kwa wailesi ndi ndondomeko zowonongeka kwa zomwe Donald Trump adalengeza pamsonkhano wachigawo ndi mtsogoleri wa North Korea Kim Jong Un akhala akuganiza kuti sangathe kupambana, chifukwa Kim adzakana lingaliro la denuclearization. Koma lipoti lonse la Pulezidenti wa dziko la South Korea, Mtsogoleri wa dziko la South Korea Jae-in,yophimbidwa ndi bungwe la nyuzipepala ya Yonhap South Korea koma osati mu nyuzipepala ya News ya US - zimapangitsa kuti aone kuti Kim adzapereka Trump ndi ndondomeko yokwanira ya denuclearization yokhudzana ndi kuyanjana pakati pa US ndi North Korea, kapena Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).
Lipoti la Chung Eui-yong pa chakudya chamadzulo cha Kim Jong Un kwa nthumwi ya ku South Korea pa March 10 adanena kuti mtsogoleri wa North Korea adatsimikiza kuti "adzalandira pulojekiti ya Korea Peninsula" ndipo " palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi zida za nyukiliya kuti boma lake lisatetezedwe komanso chitetezo cha nkhondo ku North Korea chichotsedwe. "Chung adanena kuti Kim adanena kuti ali ndi chidwi chokambirana" njira zothetsera vuto la denuclearization ya chilumbachi ndi kuimika [US-DPRK] mgwirizano wapakati. "
Koma zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri mu lipotili, Chung anawonjezera kuti, "Chimene tiyenera kuziganizira kwambiri ndi chakuti [Kim Jong Un] wanena momveka bwino kuti denuclearization ya Korea Peninsula inali chiphunzitso cha wotsogoleredwa ndi iye kuti palibe kusintha kwa malangizowo. "
Lipoti la mlangizi wa chitetezo cha dziko la South Korea limatsutsana mwachindunji ndi chikhulupiliro cholimba pakati pa chitetezo cha dziko la United States ndi anthu ena apolisi kuti Kim Jong Un sakanasiya zida za nyukiliya za DPRK. Monga Colin Kahl, mkulu wa apolisi a Pentagon ndi mlangizi wa Barack Obama, adayankha poyankha pamsonkhano wa msonkhanowo kuti, "Sizingatheke kuti adzalandire madenaliyali onse panthawi imeneyi."
Koma Kahl akuchotsa kuthekera kwa mgwirizanowu pamsonkhanowu, popanda kunena kotero, kupitirizabe kukana kwa Bush Bush ndi Obama ku United States kuti apereke chilimbikitso kwa North Korea monga mgwirizano watsopano wamtendere ndi North Korea ndi kuwonetseratu zokhazikika za mgwirizanowo ndi zachuma.
Ndondomekoyi ya ndondomeko ya US ndi mbali imodzi ya nkhani yosadziwika ya ndale ya nkhani ya North Korea. Mbali ina ya nkhaniyi ndi khama la North Korea kuti agwiritse ntchito katundu wake wa nyukiliya ndi misisi monga malonda a mgwirizanowu amachititsa kuti United States ikhazikitse ntchito yomwe idzasinthe dziko la United States la udani ku North Korea.
Nkhondo ya Cold War yokhudza nkhaniyi ndi yakuti DPRK idapempha kuti asilikali a ku United States ku South Korea ayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a "Team Spirit" ndi asilikali a South Korea, omwe adayamba ku 1976 ndipo amaphatikizapo ndege zogwiritsa ntchito nyukiliya ku United States. Anthu a ku America ankadziwa kuti zochitikazo zimawopseza anthu a ku North Korea chifukwa, monga momwe Leon V. Sigal anakumbukira m'nkhani yake yovomerezeka ya zokambirana za nyukiliya za US-North Korea, "Alendo Osatetezeka, "United States inapereka zida zowopsa za nyukiliya ku DPRK nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Koma kutha kwa Cold War ku 1991 kunapangitsanso zoopsa kwambiri. Soviet Union itagwa, ndipo Russia inachoka ku mabungwe omwe kale anali a Soviet, North Korea inangofanana ndi Zolinga za 40 zowonjezera kutumizidwa kunja, ndi malo ake ogulitsa mafakitale. Chuma cholamulidwa ndi boma chinaponyedwa chisokonezo.
Panthawiyi, kusagwirizana kwachuma ndi zankhondo ndi South Korea zinapitiliza kukula m'zaka 20 za Cold War. Ngakhale kuti GDP ya maiko awiri a Koreya anali ofanana kwambiri mpaka pakati pa 1970s, idasokonezeka kwambiri ndi 1990, pamene PDP ya ku South, yomwe inali ndi anthu oposa aŵiri kumpoto, inali kale nthawi zinai kuposa ya North Korea.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kumpoto kunalibe ndalama zothandizira kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono, choncho zinkayenera kuchita ndi matanki omwe analipo kale, mawotchi a ndege ndi ndege kuchokera ku 1950s ndi 1960s, pomwe South Korea inapitiriza kulandira zipangizo zamakono zam'dziko la United States. Ndipo pambuyo pa mavuto azachuma akufika kumpoto, magulu ambiri a maboma ake anayenera kukhala zosokonekera ku ntchito zachuma, kuphatikizapo kukolola, kumanga ndi migodi. Zomwezo zinawonekera bwino kwa akatswiri a zankhondo kuti Korea People's Army (KPA) sakanakhalanso ndi mwayi woyendetsa ntchito ku South Korea kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa milungu ingapo.
Pomalizira pake, boma la Kim lidzipeza palokha muzovuta zokhudzana ndi China chifukwa cha thandizo lachuma kusiyana ndi kale lonse. Poyang'anizana ndi zoopsa zowopsya, DPRK woyambitsa Kim Il-Sung anakhazikitsa mwamsanga chitetezo chatsopano chotsatira: kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a nyukiliya ndi missile ku North Korea kuti agwirizane ndi United States kuti athe kukhazikitsa chiyanjano chovomerezeka. Kuyambira koyamba pamasewera aatali kwambiri omwewa anali January 1992, pamene Mlembi wa Party Workers Party Party, Kim Young Sun, adawonetsa mndandanda watsopano wa DPRK ku United States pamisonkhano ndi Undersecretary State State Arnold Kanter ku New York. Dzuwa linauza Kanter kuti Kim Il Sung ankafuna kukhazikitsa maubwenzi ogwirizana ndi Washington ndipo anali wokonzeka kuvomereza nkhondo ya ku America kwa nthawi yaitali ku Peninsula ya Korea monga chida chotsutsana ndi chikoka cha China kapena Russia.
Mu 1994, DPRK inakambirana zovomerezeka ndi bungwe la Clinton, ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti ziwonongeke za plutonium reactor chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi a madzi omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri komanso kudzipereka kwa US kuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizano ndi zandale ndi Pyongyang zikhazikitsidwe. Koma palibe zomwe adazichitazo ziyenera kuchitika mwamsanga, ndipo nyuzipepala zamalonda za ku US ndi Congress zinali zokhudzana ndi malonda ndi mgwirizano. Pamene nyengo ya chikhalidwe ndi zachuma ku North Korea inasokonekera kwambiri mu theka lachiwiri la 1990s atagonjetsedwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi njala, CIA anapereka malipotikutanthauza kuti kuwonongedwa kwa boma kuli pafupi. Kotero Clinton akuluakulu oyang'anira ntchito adakhulupirira kuti palibe chifukwa choyendera ku chikhalidwe chogwirizana.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Kim Il Sung pakati pa 1994, mwana wake Kim Jong Il adakakamiza njira ya bambo ake molimbika kwambiri. Anapanga chiyeso choyamba cha misomali ya DPRK ku 1998 kuti awononge kayendetsedwe ka Clinton kuti akwaniritse mgwirizanowu pamsonkhano wotsatizana. Koma adayambitsa zochitika zotsutsana kwambiri, poyambira kukambirana za kuyesedwa kwa mayiko akuluakulu ndi US ku 1998 ndikupitiriza kutumiza nthumwi, Marshall Jo Myong Rok, ku Washington kukakumana ndi Bill Clinton iye mwini mu October 2000.
Jo anabwera ndi kudzipereka kusiya dongosolo la ICBM la DPRK komanso zida za nyukiliya monga gawo lalikulu la United States. Pamsonkhano wa White House, Jo anapatsa Clinton kalata yochokera kwa Kim kuti amuitane ku Pyongyang. Ndiye iye anauza Clinton, "Ngati mubwera ku Pyongyang, Kim Jong Il adzatsimikizira kuti adzakwaniritsa zodetsa nkhawa zanu zonse."
Clinton anatumiza mwamsanga nthumwi zotsogoleredwa ndi Mlembi wa boma Madeleine Albright kupita ku Pyongyang, komwe Kim Jong Il anapereka mayankho a mafunso ambiri ku US pamtunda. Iye nayenso adziwa Albright kuti DPRK yasintha maganizo ake ponena za nkhondo ya ku South Korea ku South Korea, ndipo tsopano idakhulupirira kuti a US adasankha "kukhazikika" pa peninsula. Ananena kuti ena mwa ankhondo a North Korea adatsutsa malingaliro awo, ndipo izi zidzathetsedwa kokha ngati US ndi DPRK zikhalitsa chiyanjano chawo.
Ngakhale Clinton anali wokonzeka kupita ku Pyongyang kuti asayane mgwirizano, iye sanapite, ndipo bungwe la Bush linasintha chiyambi choyendetsera dziko lino ndi North Korea motsogoleredwa ndi Clinton. Kwa zaka 10 zikubwerazi, North Korea inayamba kugwirizanitsa zida za nyukiliya ndipo inayesetsa kwambiri kukhazikitsa ICBM.
Koma pamene Pulezidenti wakale Clinton anapita ku Pyongyang ku 2009 kuti atulutse atolankhani awiri a ku America, Kim Jong Il anafotokoza kuti zinthu zikanakhala zosiyana. Memo pamsonkhano pakati pa Clinton ndi Kim omwe anali pakati pa ma email ma Clinton lofalitsidwa ndi WikiLeaks mu October 2016, anagwira mawu a Kim Jong Il akuti, "[Democrats] adagonjetsa ku 2000 momwe zinthu zinalili pa mgwirizanowo sizikanatheka. M'malo mwake, mgwirizano wonse ukanatha kukhazikitsidwa, DPRK ikanakhala nayo makonzedwe amadzi ozizira, ndipo United States ikanakhala ndi bwenzi latsopano kumpoto kwa Asia kudziko lovuta. "
Akuluakulu a ndale komanso a chitetezo ku US akhala akuvomereza kuti Washington ili ndi zisankho ziwiri zokha: kaya kuvomerezedwa ndi dziko la North Korea kapena "kuthamanga kwambiri" pangozi ya nkhondo. Koma monga a South Korea akwanitsa kutsimikizira, maganizo amenewo ndi olakwika. Kim Jong Un akudziperekabe ku masomphenya oyambirira a mgwirizanowu ndi Amerika chifukwa cha denuclearization yomwe bambo ake adayesera kuti adziwe asanafe imfayi mu 2011. Funso lenileni ndiloti kayendetsedwe ka Trump ndi dongosolo lonse la ndale la US angathe kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu.
