Asilikari Opanda Mfuti

Ndi David Swanson, Mtsogoleri Woyang'anira World BEYOND War, June 21, 2019

Filimu yatsopano ya Will Watson, yotchedwa Asilikari Opanda Mfuti, ikuyenera kudabwitsa anthu ambiri - osati chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito nkhanza zoopsa kwambiri kapena zachilendo zogonana (zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri muma kanema), koma chifukwa imatiwuza ndikutiwonetsa nkhani yowona yomwe imatsutsana ndi malingaliro oyambira andale, mfundo zakunja, komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Chilumba cha Bougainville chinali paradaiso kwazaka zambiri, wokhalamo mosatekeseka ndi anthu omwe sanayambitsenso mavuto padziko lapansi. Maufumu akumadzulo adamenyera nkhondo, inde. Dzinali ndi la wofufuza malo waku France yemwe adadzitcha dzina lake mu 1768. Germany idadzinenera mu 1899. Pa Nkhondo Yadziko I, Australia idatenga. Mu Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, Japan idalanda. Bougainville adabwereranso kuulamuliro waku Australia nkhondo itatha, koma aku Japan adasiya milu ya zida kumbuyo - mwina zoyipitsa zowononga kwambiri, kuwononga, komanso zovuta zomwe nkhondo ingachoke pambuyo pake.

Anthu aku Bougainville amafuna ufulu, koma adapangidwa kukhala gawo la Papua New Guinea m'malo mwake. Ndipo mzaka za 1960 chinthu chowopsa kwambiri chidachitika - choyipa kwambiri ku Bougainville kuposa china chilichonse chomwe chidakhalapo kale. Chochitikachi chinasintha machitidwe atsamunda akumadzulo. Sizinali mphindi yakuwunikiridwa kapena kuwolowa manja. Zinali zomvetsa chisoni, pakati pachilumbachi, zamkuwa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Sikunali kuvulaza aliyense. Akadatha kusiyidwa pomwe anali. M'malo mwake, monga golide wa a Cherokees kapena mafuta aku Iraq, idadzuka ngati temberero lofalitsa mantha ndi imfa.

Kampani ya migodi ya ku Australia inabera dzikolo, inawachotsa anthu, ndipo inayamba kuipasula, ndipo inapanga malo aakulu kwambiri pa dziko lapansi. Anthu a Bougainville amavomereza zimene ena angaone kuti ndizofunikira kuti apeze malipiro. Anthu a ku Australia anakana, ataseka. Nthaŵi zina anthu amangoona kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu asamangokhalira kuchita zinthu zina.

Apa, mwina, inali mphindi yolimbirana molimba mtima komanso mwanzeru. Koma anthu adayesa ziwawa m'malo mwake - kapena (monga mawu onamizira) "amachita zachiwawa." Asitikali aku Papua New Guinea adayankha izi ndikupha mazana. Anthu aku Bougainville adayankha izi ndikupanga gulu lankhondo losintha ndikumenya nkhondo yodziyimira pawokha. Iyo inali nkhondo yolungama, yotsutsa-imperialist. Mufilimuyi timawona zithunzi za omenya nkhondo amtundu womwewo omwe amakondweretsedwabe ndi ena padziko lonse lapansi. Kunali kulephera kowopsa.

Mine inasiya kugwira ntchito mu 1988. Antchito anathawira ku Australia kuti atetezeke. Ndalama zanga zinachepetsedwa, osati ndi malipiro kwa anthu a dzikolo, koma ndi 100%. Izi sizikumveka ngati kulephera. Koma taganizirani zomwe zinachitika kenako. Asilikali a ku Papua New Guinea anawonjezera mazunzo. Chiwawa chinayambira pamwamba. Kenaka asilikali anakhazikitsa chitetezo cham'madzi pachilumbacho ndipo anasiya. Izi zinasiyira anthu osauka, osasokonezeka, omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo zokhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zachiwawa. Ichi chinali njira yowonongeka, kotero kuti ena adayitanitsa asilikali, ndipo nkhondo yandale yamagazi inatha zaka pafupifupi 10, kupha amuna, akazi, ndi ana. Chigololo chinali chida chofala. Umphaŵi unali wochuluka. Anthu ena a 20,000, kapena achisanu ndi chimodzi mwa anthu, anaphedwa. Ena a Bougainville olimba mtima ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zinthu zina kuchokera ku Solomon Islands, kudzera mu blockade.

Kukambirana kwamtendere maulendo XNUMX kudayesedwa ndipo kudalephera. "Kulowererapo" kwakunja sikunawoneke ngati njira yabwino, popeza alendo sanakhulupirike ngati olanda nthaka. Omenyera nkhondo "osungitsa mtendere" akadangowonjezera zida ndi matupi kunkhondo, monga "osunga mtendere" okhala ndi zida akhala akuchita padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zambiri tsopano. Chinanso chinkafunika.

Azimayi a 1995 a Bougainville anakonzekera mtendere. Koma mtendere sunabwere mosavuta. Mu 1997 Papua New Guinea anaganiza zopititsa patsogolo nkhondoyo, kuphatikizapo kugulitsa asilikali a ku London otchedwa Sandline. Ndiye munthu amene ali ndi udindo wosayembekezeka sankachita bwino. Kazembe wamkulu wa asilikali a Papua New Guinea adaganiza kuti kuwonjezera gulu lankhondo ku nkhondo kungangowonjezera kuwerengera thupi (ndi kuwonetsa gulu lomwe analibe ulemu). Iye adawauza kuti apolisi achoke. Izi zinapangitsa asilikali kuti asagwirizane ndi boma, ndipo chiwawacho chinafalikira ku Papua New Guinea, komwe pulezidenti adatsika.

Kenako munthu wina wosayembekezeka ananena chinthu chomveka, china chomwe amamva pafupifupi tsiku lililonse muma media aku US osanenedwa mozama. Koma munthu uyu, Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Australia, zikuwoneka kuti amatanthauza. Anati "palibe njira yankhondo." Zachidziwikire, izi zimachitika nthawi zonse kulikonse, koma wina akatiuza ndikutanthauza, ndiye kuti njira ina iyenera kutsatira. Ndipo zinachitikadi.

Pothandizidwa ndi pulezidenti watsopano wa Papua New Guinea, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi boma la Australia, boma la New Zealand linatsogolera kuyesa kukhazikitsa mtendere ku Bougainville. Nkhondo zonse zapachiweniweni zinavomereza kutumiza nthumwi, amuna ndi akazi, kukambirana za mtendere ku New Zealand. Nkhanizo zinapambana bwino. Koma osati gulu lirilonse, osati aliyense, angapange mtendere kunyumba popanda china china.

Gulu la asirikali, amuna ndi akazi, osungika mwamtendere, otchedwa "kusunga mtendere," motsogozedwa ndi New Zealand komanso kuphatikiza anthu aku Australia, adapita ku Bougainville, ndipo sanatenge mfuti. Akadakhala kuti abweretsa mfuti, akadakulitsa chiwawacho. M'malo mwake, ndi Papua New Guinea kukhululuka kwa omenyera nkhondo onse, osunga mtendere adabweretsa zida zoimbira, masewera, ulemu, ndi kudzichepetsa. Sanatenge udindo. Adathandizira njira yamtendere yolamulidwa ndi a Bougainvilleans. Ankakumana ndi anthu akuyenda wapansi komanso chilankhulo chawo. Iwo adagawana chikhalidwe cha Maori. Anaphunzira chikhalidwe cha ku Bougainville. Iwo anathandizadi anthu. Iwo kwenikweni anamanga milatho. Awa anali asirikali, okhawo omwe ndingaganizire m'mbiri yonse ya anthu, omwe ndikadakonda "kuwathokoza chifukwa cha ntchito yawo." Ndipo ndikuphatikizanso kuti atsogoleri awo, omwe - modabwitsa kwa munthu wina yemwe amamuwona anthu ngati John Bolton ndi Mike Pompeo pa TV - sanali ovomerezeka ndi magazi. Chodabwitsa kwambiri m'nkhani ya Bougainville ndi kusowa kwachitetezo kwa United States kapena United Nations. Ndi madera angati padziko lapansi omwe angapindule ndi kusachita nawo izi?

Itafika nthawi yoti nthumwi zochokera ku Bougainville zisayine mgwirizano wamtendere, kupambana sikunatsimikizike. New Zealand idasowa ndalama ndipo idasinthira bata ku Australia, zomwe zidapangitsa ambiri kukayikira. Omenyera nkhondo anafuna kuletsa nthumwi kuti zizipita kukakambirana mwamtendere. Oyang'anira mtendere opanda zida amayenera kupita kumaderawa ndikukakakamiza omenyera nkhondo kuti alole kuti zokambiranazo zichitike. Akazi amayenera kukopa amuna kuti atenge chiopsezo cha mtendere. Iwo anatero. Ndipo zidatheka. Ndipo sizinathe. Pakhala pali mtendere ku Bougainville kuyambira 1998 mpaka pano. Nkhondoyo sinayambirenso. Mgodiwo sunatsegulidwe. Dziko silinafunikire mkuwa kwenikweni. Kulimbanako sikunafunikire mfuti. Palibe amene anafunika "kupambana" pankhondoyi.