Kuchokera pakukhazikitsidwa kwa buku la Tunander "The Swedish submarine war" mu 2019, ku NUPI ndi (kuchokera kumanzere) Ola Tunander, Pernille Rieker, Sverre Lodgaard, ndi Vegard Valther Hansen. (Chithunzi: John Y. Jones)
Wofufuza Pulofesa Emeritus ku Prio, Ola Tunander, Masiku Ano, Ndi Tid, Whistleblower supplement, Marichi 6, 2021
Ofufuza omwe amakayikira kuvomerezeka kwa nkhondo zaku US, akuwoneka kuti akumva kuthamangitsidwa m'malo awo pakafukufuku ndi mabungwe atolankhani. Chitsanzo chomwe chaperekedwa pano chikuchokera ku Institute for Peace Research ku Oslo (PRIO), bungwe lomwe m'mbuyomu lakhala likufufuza ofufuza za nkhondo zankhanza - ndipo sangatchulidwe kuti abwenzi a zida za nyukiliya.
Wofufuza akuti amafunafuna zabwino komanso zowona. Koma amaphunzira kusankha mitu yawo yofufuzira ndikufika pamapeto pake molingana ndi zomwe olamulira ndi oyang'anira akuyembekeza, ndipo izi ngakhale kuti ufulu wamaphunziro umasungidwa ku Norway kudzera mu "ufulu wofotokozera pagulu", "ufulu wolimbikitsa malingaliro atsopano "ndi" ufulu wosankha njira ndi zinthu ». M'kulankhula kwamasiku ano, ufulu wolankhula ukuwoneka kuti watsitsidwa mpaka ufulu wokhumudwitsa mtundu kapena chipembedzo cha anthu ena.
Koma ufulu wolankhula uyenera kukhala wa ufulu wowunika mphamvu ndi anthu. Chidziwitso changa ndikuti mwayi wofotokozera momasuka ngati wofufuza wakuchepa pazaka 20 zapitazi. Zatheka bwanji kuti tikhale pano?
Iyi ndi nkhani yanga ngati wofufuza. Kwa zaka pafupifupi 30 ndidagwira ku Peace Peace Institute Oslo (PRIO), kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2017. Ndinakhala wofufuza wamkulu nditamaliza digiri yanga mu 1989 ndikutsogolera pulogalamu ya Institute for mfundo zakunja ndi chitetezo. Ndinalandira uprofesa mu 2000 ndipo ndidalemba ndikusintha mabuku angapo okhudzana ndi ndale komanso chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Libya ku 2011, ndidalemba buku ku Sweden lonena za nkhondoyi, yonena za momwe ndege zaku Western bomber zogwirizira ntchito ndi zigawenga zachisilamu ndi magulu ankhondo ochokera ku Qatar kuti agonjetse gulu lankhondo la Libya. (Ndidalemba buku lina lankhondo laku Libya m'chiNorway, lofalitsidwa ku 2018.) Maiko akumadzulo adalumikizidwa ndi Asilamu okhwima, monganso ku Afghanistan m'ma 1980. Ku Libya, Asilamu adapha anthu akuda aku Africa ndikuchita milandu yankhondo.
Mbali inayi, atolankhani adati Muammar Gaddafi adaphulitsa bomba anthu wamba ndikukonzekera kuphana ku Benghazi. Senema waku US a John McCain ndi Secretary of State a Hillary Clinton adalankhula za "Rwanda yatsopano". Lero tikudziwa kuti awa anali mabodza abwinobwino kapena kuti anali opanda chidziwitso. Mu lipoti lapadera lochokera ku 2016, a British House of Commons 'Foreign Affairs Committee adakana zonena zonse zankhanza zomwe boma likuchitira anthu wamba komanso kuwopseza kuti aphedwa. Panalibe umboni wa izi. Nkhondoyo idakhala "nkhondo yankhanza", mwanjira ina "milandu yoipitsitsa," kutengera khothi ku Nuremberg.
Anakana kutsegulidwa kwa buku
Ndinakhazikitsa buku langa laku Sweden ku Libya ku Stockholm mu Disembala 2012 ndikukonzekera semina yomweyo ku PRIO ku Oslo. Mnzanga Hilde Henriksen Waage anali atangokhazikitsa buku lake Mikangano ndi ndale zazikulu zamphamvu ku Middle East ya holo yodzaza ku PRIO. Ndidakonda lingaliroli ndipo ndidaganiza limodzi ndi director director wathu komanso wamkulu wanga kuti tikhale ndi seminare yomweyo ya PRIO m'buku langa Libyenkrigets geopolitik (The geopolitics of Libya Nkhondo). Tinakhazikitsa tsiku, malo ndi mawonekedwe. Yemwe kale anali wamkulu wa Norway Intelligence Service, General Alf Roar Berg, adavomera kuyankhapo pa bukuli. Anali ndi zokumana nazo zochokera ku Middle East komanso zaka khumi zokumana nazo kuchokera kumaudindo apamwamba pantchito zanzeru m'ma 1980 ndi 1990. Mnzake wa Berg ku United States anali Director wa CIA Robert Gates, yemwe mu 2011 anali Secretary of Defense. Anapitanso ku Berg ku Oslo.
A Gates anali otsutsa za Nkhondo yaku Libya ikumenyana ndi Secretary of State a Hillary Clinton. Adayimitsa ngakhale US Africa Lamulo zokambirana zabwino ndi boma la Libya. Sankafuna zokambirana, koma nkhondo, ndipo anapangitsa Purezidenti Barack Obama kuchita nawo izi. Atafunsidwa ngati asitikali aku America atenga nawo mbali, a Gates adayankha, "bola ngati ndili pantchitoyi." Pambuyo pake, adalengeza kuti atula pansi udindo. Alf Roar Berg anali wotsutsa mofanana ndi Gates.
Koma wamkulu wa PRIO panthawiyo, Kristian Berg Harpviken, atadziwitsidwa za semina yanga yaku Libya, adachitapo kanthu mwamphamvu. Adatinso "semina yamkati" kapena gulu "pa Arab Spring" m'malo mwake, koma sanafune semina yapagulu yokhudza bukuli. Sankafuna kulumikizidwa ndi buku lovuta kunena za nkhondoyi, koma koposa zonse: sanafune kudzudzula Secretary of State a Hillary Clinton kapena gulu lake lankhondo lochokera ku Qatar, lomwe lachita nawo mbali yankhondo. Harpviken adakambirana ku PRIO ndi nduna yakunja ya Qatar. Ndipo bambo a Clinton ku Oslo, Kazembe Barry White, anali mlendo paphwando lobadwa lachinsinsi la director wa PRIO.
PRIO inakhazikitsidwa ku United States
PRIO adakhazikitsanso Peace Research Endowment (PRE) ku United States. Bungweli linali ndi Chief of Central Command wa Purezidenti Bill Clinton, General Anthony Zinni. Adatsogolera kuphulitsa bomba ku Iraq mu 1998 (Operation Desert Fox). Mofananamo ndikusunga komiti ku PRE, anali wapampando wa komiti ku USA mwina wopanga zida zowononga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, BAE Systems, yomwe kale m'ma 1990 idapatsa akalonga aku Saudi ziphuphu mokomera anthu aku 150 biliyoni aku Norway kroner pamtengo wamasiku ano.
Wapampando wa PRIO-womwe udakhazikitsidwa PRE anali Purezidenti wa Under Secretary wa Asitikali a Joe Reeder, omwe anali atathandizira kampeni yapa Purezidenti wa Hillary Clinton. Adagwirapo ntchito ya US National Defense Industrial Association ndipo anali mwezi womwewo pomwe nkhondo yaku Iraq idayamba, anali akuchita nawo mapangano ku Iraq. Anali ndi udindo waukulu pakampani yolimbikitsa anthu kuti mu 2011 agulitse nkhondo ya ku Libya.
Pakhoza kuwoneka kuti panali kulumikizana pakati pa PRIO kusafuna kudzudzula nkhondo ku Libya ndi kulumikizana kwa PRIO ndi netiweki yabizinesi ya Clinton. Koma bungwe la PRE lidaphatikizaponso kazembe wakale wa Republican komanso wolumikizana ndi PRIO, a David Beasley, omwe tsopano ndi wamkulu wa World Food Program komanso mphotho ya Nobel Peace Prize ya 2020. Adasankhidwa paudindowu ndi kazembe wakale wa Purezidenti wa UN a Nikki Haley, omwe, monga Hillary Clinton, adawopseza kuti amenya "nkhondo yothandiza anthu" motsutsana ndi Syria. Kaya ndikufotokozera chiyani, kufufuza kwanga pa nkhondoyi sikunali kotchuka ndi utsogoleri wa PRIO.
Pa imelo pa 14 Januware 2013, Director Harpviken adalongosola buku langa laku Sweden lankhondo la Libya kuti "linali lovuta kwambiri". Adafunsa "njira yotsimikizira" kuti PRIO "itha kupewa zovuta zomwezo" mtsogolo. Pomwe PRIO idapeza kuti buku langa la Libya sililandiridwa, ndidapereka ndemanga pa Nkhondo ya Libya kumsonkhano wapachaka wa GLOBSEC ku Bratislava. Mnzanga pa gululi anali m'modzi mwa omthandizira kwambiri a Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. Ena mwa omwe anali nawo pamsonkhanowo anali nduna komanso alangizi othandizira zachitetezo, monga Zbigniew Brzezinski.
Kufalitsa nkhondo ku Middle East ndi Africa
Lero tikudziwa kuti nkhondo ku 2011 idawononga Libya kwazaka zikubwerazi. Zida za dziko la Libyan zidafalikira kwa Asilamu okhwima ku Middle East ndi North Africa. Mivi yopitilira XNUMX miliyoni yakuphonya ndege idaphedwa ndi zigawenga zosiyanasiyana. Mazana ankhondo omenyera nkhondo ndi zida zambiri adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Benghazi kupita ku Aleppo ku Syria zomwe zidabweretsa zowopsa. Nkhondo zapachiweniweni m'maiko awa, ku Libya, Mali ndi Syria, zidachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa dziko la Libya.
Mlangizi wa a Hillary Clinton a Sidney Blumenthal adalemba kuti kupambana ku Libya kungatsegule njira yopambana ku Syria, ngati kuti nkhondoyi ndizopitiliza chabe za nkhondo zoyambilira zomwe zidayamba ndi Iraq ndipo zikupitilira ndi Libya, Syria, Lebanon ndikutha ndi Iran. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi Libya inalimbikitsanso mayiko monga North Korea kuti alimbikitse chidwi chawo pa zida za nyukiliya. Libya idatsiriza pulogalamu yake ya zida za nyukiliya ku 2003 motsutsana ndi zomwe United States ndi Britain zachita kuti asawukire. Osatinso zochepa, adawukira. North Korea idazindikira kuti chitsimikizo cha US-Britain sichinapindule. Mwanjira ina, Nkhondo ya Libya idapangitsa kuti zida za nyukiliya zichulukane.
Wina atha kufunsa chifukwa chomwe PRIO, ndi akatswiri omwe kale anali otsutsa za nkhondo zonse zankhanza ndipo sanali amzake apamtima pazida zanyukiliya, tsopano akufuna kuyimitsa kutsutsa kwa nkhondoyi komanso nthawi yomweyo gawo lovuta kwambiri pamaofesi azankhondo?
Koma izi zitha kuwonetsa kusintha pakati pofufuza. Mabungwe ofufuzira ayenera kulipidwa, ndipo kuyambira chaka cha 2000, ofufuza amayenera kuti azipeza ndalama zawo. Kenako amayeneranso kusinthitsa kafukufuku wawo ndi zomwe akumaliza ndi oyang'anira ndalama. Pakati pa chakudya chamadzulo cha PRIO, zimawoneka ngati zofunika kwambiri kukambirana momwe ndalama zingagwiridwire m'malo mokambirana zenizeni za kafukufuku.
Koma ndikukhulupiliranso kuti pali zifukwa zina, makamaka, za kusintha kwakukulu kwa PRIO.
“Nkhondo Yokha”
Choyamba, PRIO pazaka khumi zapitazi wakhala akuchita nawo kwambiri "nkhondo chabe", momwe Zolemba Pazikhalidwe Zankhondo chapakati. Magaziniyi idasinthidwa ndi a Henrik Syse ndi a Greg Reichberg (amenenso adakhala pa board ya PRE). Maganizo awo adachokera pamalingaliro a a Thomas Aquinas onena za "nkhondo yokha," lingaliro lomwe ndilofunikanso pamawu olandilidwa ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama a Mphotho Yamtendere ya Mtendere ya 2009.
Koma nkhondo iliyonse imafuna kuvomerezeka "kothandiza anthu". Mu 2003, akuti Iraq inali ndi zida zowonongera anthu ambiri. Ndipo ku Libya mu 2011, zidanenedwa kuti Muammar Gaddafi adaopseza kuphana ku Benghazi. Koma zonsezi zinali zitsanzo za chidziwitso cholakwika. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zankhondo mwachilengedwe ndizosatheka kuneneratu. Mawu oti "nkhondo yokha" akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 2000 kutsimikizira nkhondo zingapo zankhanza. Nthawi zonse, izi zakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa.
Mu 1997, director of PRIO a Dan Smith adandifunsa ngati tingalembe ntchito a Henrik Syse, mbiri yodziwika bwino yaku Norway. Ndidadziwa woyang'anira wa Syse paudokotala wake, ndipo ndimawona ngati lingaliro labwino. Ndimaganiza kuti Syse atha kupereka m'lifupi kwa PRIO. Nthawi imeneyo sindinadziwe kuti, limodzi ndi mfundo zomwe ndanenazi, zitha kupatula chidwi chilichonse pankhani zandale, kutsogozedwa ndi asirikali ndikuwulula zankhondo.
“Mtendere wa demokalase”
Kachiwiri, ofufuza a PRIO amalumikizidwa ndi Journal of Research Research anali atapanga lingaliro la "mtendere wademokalase". Amakhulupirira kuti atha kuwonetsa kuti mayiko a demokalase samamenya nkhondo. Komabe, zinawonekeratu kuti zinali kwa wozunza, United States, kuti adziwe yemwe ali wa demokalase kapena ayi, monga Serbia. Mwinamwake United States sinali ya demokalase yokha. Mwina zifukwa zina zomwe ndizodziwika bwino, monga kulumikizana kwachuma.
Koma kwa neo-conservatives, lingaliro la "mtendere wademokalase" lidayamba kuvomereza nkhondo iliyonse yankhanza. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi Iraq kapena Libya itha "kutsegula demokalase" motero mtendere mtsogolo, adatero. Komanso, wofufuza m'modzi kapena wina ku PRIO adathandizira lingaliro ili. Kwa iwo, lingaliro la "nkhondo yokha" linali logwirizana ndi lingaliro la "mtendere wademokalase", zomwe pakuchita zidatsogolera ku lingaliro loti azungu aziloledwa ufulu wolowererapo m'maiko omwe si azungu.
Kusokoneza
Chachitatu, antchito angapo a PRIO adakopeka ndi katswiri waku America a Gene Sharp. Adagwira ntchito yosintha maboma polimbikitsa ziwonetsero zambiri kuti athetse "olamulira mwankhanza". "Kusintha kwamitundu" kotereku kudathandizidwa ndi United States ndipo kunali njira yokhazikitsira bata makamaka kumayiko omwe anali ogwirizana ndi Moscow kapena Beijing. Sankaganiziranso zakuti kusokonekera kumeneku kungayambitse mkangano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Sharp nthawi ina anali wokonda utsogoleri wa PRIO pa Mphoto Yamtendere ya Nobel.
Lingaliro loyambirira la Sharp linali loti wolamulira mwankhanza ndi anthu ake atachotsedwa, khomo la demokalase litsegulidwa. Kunapezeka kuti izi zinali zosavuta. Ku Egypt, malingaliro a Sharp akuti adathandizira ku Arab Spring komanso ku Muslim Brotherhood. Koma kulanda kwawo kudakulirakulira. Ku Libya ndi Syria, adanenedwa kuti ochita ziwonetsero mwamtendere amatsutsana ndi ziwawa zomwe zimachitika mwankhanza. Koma otsutsawa "adathandizidwa" kuyambira tsiku loyamba ndi ziwawa zankhondo za achi Islam. Othandizira atolankhani pazowunikirazo sanakumaneko ndi mabungwe monga PRIO, omwe adakumana ndi zovuta.
Msonkhano wapachaka wa PRIO
Chachinayi, kutenga nawo mbali kwa PRIO pamisonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi yofufuza zamtendere ndi misonkhano ya Pugwash mu 1980s ndi 1990s kwasinthidwa ndikutenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano yandale zaku US makamaka. Msonkhano waukulu, wapachaka wa PRIO pakadali pano ndi Msonkhano wa International Study Association (ISA), yomwe imachitika chaka chilichonse ku United States kapena Canada ndi anthu opitilira 6,000 - makamaka ochokera ku United States, komanso ochokera ku Europe ndi mayiko ena. Purezidenti wa ISA amasankhidwa kwa chaka chimodzi ndipo wakhala waku America kuyambira 1959 kupatula zochepa: Mu 2008-2009, a PRIO a Nils Petter Gleditsch anali Purezidenti.
Ofufuza ku PRIO adalumikizidwanso ndi mayunivesite ndi mabungwe ofufuza ku United States, monga Brookings Institution ndi Jamestown Foundation (yokhazikitsidwa ku
1984 mothandizidwa ndi director of the CIA William Casey). PRIO wayamba kukhala "waku America" ndi ofufuza ambiri aku America. Ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti Norway Institute of International Affairs ( NUPI ), komano, ndi «European».
Kuchokera ku Vietnam kupita ku Afghanistan
Chachisanu, chitukuko ku PRIO ndi funso lakusiyana kwamibadwo. Pomwe mbadwo wanga udakumana ndi ma 1960 komanso ma 1970's US-coups and bombing of Vietnam ndi kupha mamiliyoni a anthu, utsogoleri wotsatira wa PRIO udadziwika ndi nkhondo yaku Soviet ku Afghanistan komanso thandizo la US kwa zigawenga zachisilamu polimbana ndi Soviet Union . Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, mtsogoleri wina wa PRIO Kristian Berg Harpviken anali mtsogoleri wa Komiti yaku Norway ku Afghanistan ku Peshawar (ku Pakistan pafupi ndi Afghanistan), komwe mabungwe othandizira m'ma 1980 amakhala limodzi ndi akatswiri azamalamulo komanso Asilamu okhwima.
Hillary Clinton adanena mu 2008 kuti panali mgwirizano pakati pa andale ku United States mzaka za 1980 pothandizira Asilamu okhwima - monganso adathandizira Asilamu ku Libya mu 2011. Koma m'ma 1980, sizidadziwikebe kuti United States ndi CIA inali kumbuyo kwa nkhondo ku Afghanistan kudzera pakuthandizira kuwukira koyambirira kwa Julayi 1979, ndi cholinga chonyenga Asovieti kuti athandizire anzawo ku Kabul. Mwanjira imeneyi United States inali ndi "mwayi wopatsa Soviet Union nkhondo yake ya Vietnam", kutengera mlangizi wa chitetezo cha Purezidenti Carter Zbigniew Brzezinski (onaninso Secretary of Defense wa Robert Gates). Brzezinski anali ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchitoyi. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, sizimadziwikanso kuti atsogoleri onse ankhondo aku Soviet Union anali otsutsana ndi nkhondoyi.
Kwa mbadwo watsopano ku PRIO, zigawenga zaku United States ndi Chisilamu zidawoneka ngati ogwirizana pakumenyana ndi Moscow.
Zenizeni zamphamvu
Ndidalemba zolemba zanga zaukadaulo m'ma 1980 pa US Maritime Strategy komanso kumpoto kwa Europe geopolitics. Linasindikizidwa ngati buku mu 1989 ndipo linali pamaphunziro ku US Naval War College. Mwachidule, ndinali wophunzira yemwe anazindikira "zenizeni za mphamvu." Koma mosasinthasintha, ndawona kale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 mwayi wokhala pakati pa mabungwe akuluakulu monga a Willy Brandt, kenako Olof Palme ku Sweden. Pambuyo pa Cold War, tidakambirana ndi akazitape za mayankho kupeza njira yothetsera magawano akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo ku High North. Izi zidatsogolera ku chomwe chidakhala Mgwirizano Wachigawo cha Barents.
Mu 1994, ndidasinthira buku la Chingerezi lotchedwa Chigawo cha Barents, ndi zopereka zochokera kwa ofufuza ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Norway a Johan Jørgen Holst ndi mnzake waku Russia Andrei Kosyrev - ndi mawu oyamba a Minister wakale wa Zakunja a Thorvald Stoltenberg. Ndinalembanso ndikusintha mabuku onena za chitukuko cha ku Europe ndi mfundo zachitetezo, ndikupita kumisonkhano ndikuphunzitsa padziko lonse lapansi.
Bukhu langa la European geopolitics mu 1997 linali pa maphunziro ku Oxford University. Ndinatenga nawo mbali paukadaulo wapamadzi ku Sweden mu 2001, ndipo mabuku anga okhudza ntchito zapamadzi atachitika mu 2001 ndi 2004, ntchito yanga idagwira gawo lalikulu pa lipoti lachiDanish Denmark pa nthawi ya Cold War (2005). Amatanthauza mabuku anga ndi a CIA, a Benjamin Fischer, mabuku ndi malipoti, monga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa kwa pulogalamu ya Purezidenti Reagan yantchito zamaganizidwe.
Bukhu langa latsopano la "submarine" (2019) linayambika mu February 2020 ku NUPI, osati ku PRIO, ndi ndemanga kuchokera kwa omwe anali director ku mabungwe onsewa, Sverre Lodgaard.
Mutu wofufuza
Kutsatira kusankhidwa kwanga ngati Research Professor (Researcher 1, wofanana ndi ma doctorate awiri) mu 2000, ndidalemba mabuku ndi zolemba ndikuwunika zolemba za Kennedy School of Government ku Harvard University ndi Royal United Service Institute. Ndinakhala komiti yolangiza yolemba ku London School of Economics komanso pa board ya Nordic International Study Association. Mu 2008, ndidapempha kuti ndikhale woyang'anira kafukufuku ku NUPI. Mtsogoleri Jan Egeland analibe ziyeneretso zamaphunziro zofunika. Komiti yapadziko lonse lapansi idasankhidwa kuti ifufuze omwe adzalembetse. Zinapeza kuti atatu okha mwa iwo anali oyenerera kutero: wofufuza waku Belgian, Iver B. Neumann ku NUPI, ndi ine. Neumann pamapeto pake adapeza udindowu - ngati m'modzi mwa akatswiri oyenerera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu "International Relations Theory".
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, pomwe ndimayesedwa kuti ndine woyenera kutsogolera kafukufuku ku Norway Institute of International Affairs, director wanga ku PRIO amafuna kuti andikakamize "woyang'anira maphunziro". Zochitika ngati izi zitha kulepheretsa anthu ambiri pantchito iliyonse yovuta.
Kafukufuku ndi ntchito yosamalitsa. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amapanga zolemba pamanja potengera ndemanga za anzawo oyenerera. Zolembedwazo zimatumizidwa ku nyuzipepala kapena wofalitsa, yemwe amalola omvera awo osadziwika kuti akane kapena kuvomereza zoperekazo (mwa "ndemanga za anzawo"). Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna ntchito yowonjezera. Koma miyambo yosamalitsa iyi sinali yokwanira kuwongolera a PRIO. Amafuna kuwunika zonse zomwe ndalemba.
Nkhani mu Modern Times (Ny Tid)
Pa Januware 26, 2013, ndidatumizidwa ku ofesi ya director nditatha kusindikiza za Syria mu nyuzipepala yaku Norway ya Ny Tid (Modern Times). Ndidagwira mawu nthumwi yapadera ya UN ku Syria, a Robert Mood, ndi mlembi wamkulu wakale wa UN, a Kofi Annan, omwe adanena kuti mamembala asanu okhazikika a Security Council onse agwirizana "zandale ku Syria" pa Juni 5, 30, koma maiko Akumadzulo adaziwononga "pamsonkhano wotsatira" ku New York. Kwa PRIO, kuwatchula kwanga kunali kosavomerezeka.
Pa 14 February 2013, PRIO idandifunsa mu imelo kuti ndilandire "njira zakutsimikizira zabwino [zomwe] zimakhudzana ndi zofalitsa zonse, kuphatikiza zolemba zazifupi monga up-eds [sic]". Ndinayenera kupatsidwa munthu yemwe amayenera kukaunika mapepala anga onse ophunzirira komanso kusokoneza asanatulutsidwe mnyumba. Zinali za de facto pakupanga udindo ngati "wapolisi". Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti ndinayamba kuvutika kugona.
Komabe, ndinalandira thandizo kuchokera kwa aprofesa m'mayiko angapo. Mgwirizano wamalonda ku Norway (NTL) adati sizingakhale ndi lamulo lokhalo lokhalo kwa wogwira ntchito m'modzi yekha. Koma kudzipereka uku pakuwongolera zonse zomwe ndidalemba, kunali kwamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa ndi kukakamizidwa ndi aku America. Woyimira udindo wa National Security Adviser kwa Purezidenti Ronald Reagan, mosakayikira, ndidziwitseni kuti zomwe ndalemba "zikhala ndi zotsatirapo" kwa ine.
Nthawi yotsatira, idakhala yodabwitsa. Nthawi iliyonse ndikayenera kukamba nkhani zamabungwe achitetezo, mabungwewa amalumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi anthu ena omwe amafuna kuimitsa mfundoyi. Ndaphunzira kuti ngati mungafunse mafunso okhudza kuvomerezeka kwa nkhondo zaku US, mudzakakamizidwa kuchokera kufukufuku ndi mabungwe atolankhani. Mtolankhani wodziwika kwambiri ku America Seymour Hersh adathamangitsidwa The New York Times ndiyeno kutuluka New Yorker. Zolemba zake pa kuphedwa kwa My Lai (Vietnam, 1968) ndi Abu Ghraib (Iraq, 2004) zidakhudza kwambiri United States. Koma Hersh sangathenso kufalitsa kudziko lakwawo (onani nkhani yam'mbuyomu ya Modern Times ndi zowonjezerazi za Whistleblower tsamba 26). Glenn Greenwald, yemwe adagwira ntchito ndi Edward Snowden ndipo adakhazikitsa limodzi The Intercept, adakankhidwanso m'magazini yake mu Okutobala 2020 atawunikidwa.
Thandizo la Union
Ndidakhala ndi malo okhazikika ku PRIO mu 1988. Kukhala ndi malo okhazikika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi wogwira ntchito mwina ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa wofufuza aliyense amene akufuna kukhala ndi ufulu wina wamaphunziro. Malinga ndi malamulo a PRIO, ofufuza onse ali ndi "ufulu wonse wofotokozera". Koma popanda mgwirizano womwe ungakuthandizeni pakuwopseza kuti mukapita kukhothi, wofufuzayo alibe zonena.
M'ngululu ya 2015, oyang'anira a PRIO adaganiza kuti ndiyenera kupuma pantchito. Ndidati izi sizili kwa iwo ndipo ndiyenera kulankhula ndi mgwirizano wanga, NTL. Mtsogoleri wanga wapompo adayankha kuti zilibe kanthu zomwe bungweli lanena. Chisankho chokhudza kupuma pantchito chinali chitapangidwa kale. Tsiku lililonse, mwezi wathunthu, amabwera muofesi yanga kudzakambirana za kupuma pantchito. Ndinazindikira kuti izi sizingatheke.
Ndinayankhula ndi wapampando wakale wa bungwe la PRIO, Bernt Bull. Anati "musaganizirenso zokumana ndi oyang'anira nokha. Muyenera kubweretsa mgwirizano ndi inu ». Chifukwa cha oimira angapo anzeru a NTL, omwe adakambirana ndi PRIO kwa miyezi, ndidapeza mgwirizano mu Novembala 2015. Tidatsimikiza kuti ndipuma pantchito mu Meyi 2016 posinthana ndi kupitiliza ngati Research Professor Emeritus "ku PRIO" ndikutha kupeza " kompyuta, thandizo la IT, imelo ndi mwayi wopezeka ku laibulale monga momwe ofufuza ena alili ku PRIO ”.
Pokhudzana ndi kupuma kwanga pantchito, seminayo «Ulamuliro, Subs ndi PSYOP» idakonzedwa mu Meyi 2016 ku Oslo. Mgwirizano wathu udandipatsa mwayi wopeza maofesi ngakhale nditapuma pantchito. Pamsonkhano ndi director pa 31 Marichi 2017, NTL idapereka lingaliro loti mgwirizano wanga wamaofesi uwonjezeredwe mpaka mochedwa 2018, popeza ndidalandira ndalama zoyenera. Mtsogoleri wa PRIO adati amayenera kufunsa ena asanapange chisankho. Patatha masiku atatu, adabwerera atapita ku Washington kumapeto kwa sabata. Anatinso kuwonjezera kwa mgwirizano sikuvomerezeka. Pokhapokha NTL itawopsezedwanso kuti ndi milandu, ndi pomwe tidagwirizana.
