Kuphedwa Kwakachetechete ku US Air War

Ma TV ambiri a ku United States ankanena zachipongwe pamene asilikali a ku Russia anapha anthu ku Aleppo koma sanatchule ngati nkhondo za ku United States zikupha osalakwa ku Mosul ndi Raqqa, anatero Nicolas JS Davies.

Ndi Nicolas JS Davies, Nkhani za Consortium.

April 2017 anali mwezi wina wopha anthu ambiri ndi mantha omwe sanaganizire kwa anthu a Mosul ku Iraq ndi madera ozungulira Raqqa ndi Tabqa ku Syria, ndondomeko yowononga mabomba yotsogoleredwa kwambiri ku United States chifukwa nkhondo ya ku America ku Vietnam inalowa mwezi wake wa 33rd.

Gulu lowongolera Airwars yasonkhanitsa malipoti a 1,280 kwa azungu a 1,744 anaphedwa ndi osachepera Mabomba a 2,237 ndi mizati yomwe inagwa kuchokera ku US komanso ndege zankhondo mu Epulo (1,609 ku Iraq ndi 628 ku Syria). Ovulala kwambiri anali ku Old Mosul ndi West Mosul, komwe anthu 784 mpaka 1,074 akuti adaphedwa, koma dera lozungulira Tabqa ku Syria lidavutikanso kwambiri ndi anthu wamba.

M'madera ena akumenyana, monga ndafotokozera m'nkhani zapitazo (Pano ndi Pano), malipoti "opanda pake" okhudza kufa kwa anthu wamba opangidwa ndi Airwars amangogwira pakati pa 5% mpaka 20% ya anthu omwe anamwalira pankhondo zankhondo zomwe zimawululidwa ndi kafukufuku wambiri wakufa. Iraqbodycount, yomwe idagwiritsanso ntchito njira yofananira ndi ma Airwars, idangowerengera 8% ya anthu omwe amwalira atapezeka ndi kafukufuku wakufa ku Iraq mu 2006.

Ma airwars akuwoneka kuti akusonkhanitsa malipoti akumwalira kwa anthu wamba kuposa Iraqbodycount zaka 11 zapitazo, koma amawaika ambiri mwa iwo ngati "otsutsana" kapena "osafotokozedwa mopepuka," ndipo amasunga dala powerengera. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina, akuti nyuzipepala zakomweko zimati "anthu ambiri amafa" ngati munthu m'modzi wosafa, osafikapo. Izi sizolakwitsa njira za Airwars, koma kuzindikira zoperewera zake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyerekezera kwakufa kwa anthu wamba.

Kuloleza kutanthauzira kosiyanasiyana kwa chidziwitso cha ma Airwars, ndikuganiza kuti, monga zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu, ikulanda pakati pa 5% mpaka 20% ya anthu omwe amwalira, kuyerekezera kwakukulu kwa anthu wamba omwe anaphedwa ndi bomba lomwe linatsogozedwa ndi US kuyambira bomba 2014 pakadali pano iyenera kukhala pakati pa 25,000 ndi 190,000.

Pentagon posachedwapa yasinthanso kuyerekezera kwawo komwe kuli anthu wamba omwe awapha ku Iraq ndi Syria kuyambira 2014 mpaka 352. Ameneyo ndi ochepera kotala la anthu 1,446 omwe ma Airwars adawadziwitsa mayina awo.

Airwars yasonkhanitsa malipoti a anthu wamba omwe anaphedwa Russia bomba ku Syria, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aziphedwa ndi mabomba omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi America chifukwa cha mabomba ambiri a 2016. Komabe, popeza kuphulika kwa mabomba ku United States kunakula mpaka kufika Mabomba a 10,918 ndi mizati Mwezi wachitatu wa 2017, womwe unali wovuta kwambiri kuposa wina aliyense, kuyambira pulojekitiyi inayamba ku 2014, ndege za Airwars zaphedwa ndi mabomba omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi United States akhala akunena za imfa ya mabomba a ku Russia.

Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa malipoti onse a Airwars, chitsanzo ichi chikhoza kapena sichidziwika bwino ngati a US kapena Russia apha anthu ambiri pa nthawi iliyonseyi. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze zimenezo.

Mwachitsanzo, maboma akumadzulo ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma apereka ndalama ndikuthandizira ma White Helmet ndi magulu ena omwe amafotokoza zakuphedwa kwa anthu wamba chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa bomba ku Russia, koma palibe kuthandizira kofananako kumadzulo koti apereke lipoti la anthu wamba wamba ochokera m'malo omwe Islamic State idachita kuti US ndi ogwirizana nawo akuphulitsa bomba. Ngati malipoti a Airwars akugwira anthu ochulukirapo m'derali kuposa ena chifukwa cha zinthu ngati izi, zitha kubweretsa kusiyana pakati pa anthu omwe amwalira omwe sawonetsa kusiyana kwa omwe afa.

Mantha, Mantha… ndi Chete

Kuyika Mabomba a 79,000 ndi mizati zomwe US ​​ndi mabungwe ake adagonjetsa Iraq ndi Syria kuyambira mu 2014 mwachindunji, ndi bwino kuganiziranso kumbuyo kwa "masiku osalakwa" a "Wodabwitsidwa" mu March 2003. Monga Wolemba nyuzipepala ya NPR Sandy Tolan inanenedwa mu 2003, m'modzi mwa omwe adapanga kampeniyo adaneneratu kuti kugwa Mabomba a 29,200 ndi mizati ku Iraq "zikanakhala zosagwirizana ndi nyukiliya zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ku Japan Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki zifike ku Japan."

Pamene "Kusokonezeka ndi Kuwopsya" kunatengedwa ku Iraq mu 2003, iyo inkalamulira nkhani padziko lonse lapansi. Koma patapita zaka zisanu ndi zitatu "Kusokonezeka, bata, osasokoneza" nkhondo motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Obama, atolankhani aku US satenga ngakhale kuphedwa kwa anthu tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera kuphulika kwakukulu kwa Iraq ndi Syria ngati nkhani. Amaphimba zochitika m'modzi m'masiku ochepa, koma amayambiranso mwachizolowezi "Trump Show" mapulogalamu.

Monga mu George Orwell's 1984, anthu amadziwa kuti gulu lathu lankhondo likumenya nkhondo ndi winawake kwinakwake, koma zambiri ndizosavuta. “Kodi ichi chidakali chinthu?” “Kodi nkhani ya ku North Korea si yaikulu masiku ano?”

Palibe pafupifupi mkangano wandale ku US wokhudza ufulu ndi zolakwika zomwe US ​​yaphulitsa bomba ku Iraq ndi Syria. Osadandaula kuti kuphulitsa bomba ku Syria popanda chilolezo kuchokera kuboma ladziko lonse lapansi ndi mlandu wankhanza komanso kuphwanya Charter ya UN. Ufulu wa United States kuti aphwanye Mgwirizano wa UN mwakufuna kwawo kwakhala kale ndale (osati mwalamulo!) Zakhazikitsidwa zaka 17 zankhanza, kuchokera bomba la Yugoslaviamu 1999 ku zowawa za Afghanistan ndi Iraq, kuti drone akugunda ku Pakistan ndi Yemen.

Ndiye ndani amene angatsatile Chigwirizano tsopano kuti ateteze anthu ku Syria, omwe kale akukumana ndi chiwawa ndi imfa kumbali zonse mu nkhondo yamagazi ndi yandale, yomwe US ​​anali kale mwatsatanetsatane asanayambe kuphulitsa mabomba ku Syria mu 2014?

Malingana ndi lamulo la US, maulamuliro atatu a US otsatizana adanena kuti chiwawa chawo chosadziwika chikuvomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi Chilolezo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Gulu la Ankhondo idadutsidwa ndi US Congress mu 2001. Koma mosasunthika momwe zidaliri, biluyi idangoti

"Kuti Purezidenti apatsidwa mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zoyenera ndi zoyenera kutsutsana ndi mayiko, mabungwe, kapena anthu omwe akukonzekera kukonzekera, kuvomerezedwa, kuchitidwa kapena kuthandizira zigawenga zomwe zinachitika pa September 11th, 2001, kapena kukhala ndi mabungwe kapena anthu, kotero kuti kuteteza zochitika zilizonse zamtsogolo zauchigawenga padziko lonse ku United States ndi mayiko, mabungwe kapena anthu. "

Ndi anthu angati masauzande wamba omwe US ​​idapha ku Mosul m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi yomwe idachitapo kanthu pa ziwopsezo za Seputembara 11th? Aliyense amene amawerenga izi amadziwa yankho la funsoli: mwina palibe m'modzi wa iwo. Ngati m'modzi wa iwo adachitapo kanthu, zikadangochitika mwangozi.

Woweruza wopanda tsankho angakane kuti lamuloli lalamula zaka 16 zakumenya nkhondo m'maiko osachepera asanu ndi atatu, kuwonongedwa kwa maboma omwe alibe chochita ndi 9/11, kuphedwa kwa anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni komanso kusakhazikika kwamayiko - monga momwe oweruza ku Nuremberg adakanira Zotsatira za AJeremani kuti iwo anaukira Poland, Norway ndi USSR kuti ateteze kapena "kulepheretsa" kuukira koyandikira kwa Germany.

Akuluakulu a US anganene kuti 2002 Iraqi AUMF amavomereza kuphulika kwa mabomba ku Mosul. Lamuloli likunena za dziko lomwelo. Koma ikadali m'mabuku, dziko lonse lapansi lidadziwa kuti miyezi ingapo idadutsa kuti idagwiritsa ntchito malo abodza komanso mabodza enieni kuti ikwaniritse kulanda boma lomwe US ​​idawonongerapo.

Nkhondo ya ku America ku Iraq inatha mwachisawawa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa asilikali omaliza a US ku 2011. AUMF sanachite ndipo sakanatha kuvomerezana ndi boma latsopano ku Iraq 14 patapita zaka kukantha umodzi wa mizinda yake ndikupha zikwi za anthu ake.

Anapezekanso Pagulu la Nkhondo

Kodi sitikudziwa kuti nkhondo ndi chiyani? Kodi papita nthawi yayitali kuchokera pomwe anthu aku America adakumana ndi nkhondo mdziko lathu? Mwina. Koma ngakhale nkhondo ili kutali kwambiri m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, sitingayerekeze ngati sitikudziwa kuti ndi chiyani kapena zomwe zimabweretsa.

Mwezi uno, ine ndi amzanga awiri tinapita ku ofesi yathu ya Congresswoman yomwe imayimira kwathu Chigwirizano cha Mtendere Kugwirizana, Peace Justice Sustainability Florida, kumufunsa iye kuti apange malamulo a malamulo kuti athetse chigamulo cha nyukiliya ku America; kubwezera 2001 AUMF; kuvota motsutsana ndi bajeti ya nkhondo; kuti athetse ndalama zothandizira asilikali a US ku Syria; ndi kuthandizira mgwirizano, osati nkhondo, ndi North Korea.

Mnzanga wina atandiuza kuti adamenya nawo nkhondo ku Vietnam ndikuyamba kulankhula za zomwe adawona kumeneko, adayenera kusiya kulira. Koma wogwira ntchitoyo sanamusowe kuti apitilize. Amadziwa zomwe amalankhula. Tonsefe timatero.

Koma ngati tonsefe tifunika kuwona ana akufa ndi ovulala mthupi tisanathe kumvetsetsa mantha ankhondo ndikuchitapo kanthu mozama kuti tiimitse ndikupewa, ndiye kuti tili ndi tsogolo labwino komanso lamagazi. Monga mnzanga komanso ambiri onga iye adaphunzira pamtengo wosaneneka, nthawi yabwino kuyimitsa nkhondo isanayambe, ndipo phunziro lalikulu lomwe tingaphunzire kunkhondo iliyonse ndi ili: "Osadzabweranso!"

Onse a Barack Obama ndi a Donald Trump adapambana utsogoleri podzionetsera ngati ofuna "mtendere". Ichi chinali chinthu chowerengeka mosamala pamikangano yawo yonse, potengera zolemba za omwe anali adani awo, a John McCain ndi Hillary Clinton. Anthu aku America amadana ndi nkhondo ndichinthu chomwe Purezidenti aliyense komanso wandale amayenera kuthana nacho, ndikulonjeza zamtendere kale kutithamangitsa ife ku nkhondo ndi miyambo ya ndale ya ku America yomwe imapezeka ku Woodrow Wilson ndi Franklin Roosevelt.

Monga Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering adavomereza kwa katswiri wa zamagulu wa zamankhwala wa ku America Gustave Gilbert m'chipinda chake ku Nuremberg, "Mwachibadwa, anthu wamba safuna nkhondo; ngakhale ku Russia kapena ku England kapena ku America, kapena ku Germany. Izi zimamveka. Koma, pambuyo pake, ndi atsogoleri a dziko omwe amadziwitsa ndondomeko ndipo nthawi zonse ndi nkhani yosavuta kuti akoke anthu pamodzi, kaya demokarasi kapena boma lachigawenga lopondereza kapena Pulezidenti kapena ulamuliro wa chikomyunizimu. "

"Pali kusiyana kosiyana," Gilbert adanenetsa kuti, "Mu demokalase, anthu ali ndizinthu zonena za nkhaniyi kupyolera mwa anthu omwe amasankhidwa, ndipo ku United States kokha Congress ikhoza kulengeza nkhondo."

Goering inali yosasangalatsidwa ndi Madison's ndi Hamiltonzotetezedwa ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko. "Oo, zonse zili bwino," adayankha, "koma, mawu kapena ayi, anthu atha kubweretsedwa kukapempha atsogoleri. Izi ndizosavuta. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi kuwauza kuti akuukiridwa ndikudzudzula omenyera nkhondo chifukwa chakusowa kukonda dziko lawo ndikuwonetsa dzikolo pangozi. Zimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi mdziko lililonse. ”

Kudzipereka kwathu pamtendere komanso kudana kwathu ndi nkhondo zimasokonezedwa mosavuta ndi njira zosavuta koma zosasinthika zomwe Goering adalongosola. Ku US lero, amalimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu zina zingapo, zomwe zambiri zake zidafanana pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ku Germany:

-Mass media zomwe zimapondereza kuzindikira pagulu za ndalama zaumunthu za nkhondo, makamaka pamene malamulo a US kapena mabungwe a US ali ndi udindo.

-A media blackout pa mawu olingalira omwe amalimbikitsa njira zina potengera mtendere, zokambirana kapena malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.

-Kumakhala chete ponena za njira zina zomveka, ndale komanso zofalitsa "Kuchita chinachake," kutanthawuza nkhondo, ngati njira yokhayo yomwe ingagwirirepo ndi udzu wosatha wa "osapanga kanthu."

-Nkhazikitsidwa za nkhondo mwachinyengo ndi chinyengo, makamaka ndi ziwonetsero za anthu zomwe zimawoneka ngati zodalirika, monga Pulezidenti Obama.

-Kudalira kwa andale komanso mabungwe omwe akupita patsogolo pantchito zopezedwa ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito omwe akhala akuthandizana nawo pantchito yamagulu ankhondo.

-Kukhazikitsa ndale pamikangano yaku US ndi maiko ena monga zotsatira za zochita za mbali inayo, ndikuwonetsera atsogoleri akunja kuti achite seweroli ndikufalitsa nkhani zabodzazi.

-Kukunamizira kuti udindo wa US ku nkhondo za kunja kwa dziko ndi ntchito yapadziko lonse ya nkhondo zimachokera ku cholinga chabwino chikhumbo chothandiza anthu, osati zofuna zamakono za US ndi malonda.

Kutengedwa palimodzi, izi ndi njira yabodza yankhondo, momwe mitu yamanema apa TV ili ndi gawo pazomwe zimachitika mwankhanza pamodzi ndi atsogoleri andale komanso ankhondo. Kuthamangitsa asitikali opuma pantchito kuti aphulitse nyumba yakutsogolo ndi mawu achipongwe, osafotokoza ndi okongola malipiro a otsogolera ndi a alangizi amatenga kuchokera kwa opanga zida, ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya ndalamayi.

Mbali yofunikira yofanana ndi yomwe ailesi amalephera kulemba nkhondo kapena udindo wa US mwa iwo, komanso kusamvana kwawo kwabwino kwa aliyense amene akusonyeza kuti pali chilichonse cholakwika kapena chosemphana ndi nkhondo ndi America.

Papa ndi Gorbachev

Papa Francis posachedwapa adanenanso kuti wachitatu atha kukhala mkhalapakati wothandizira kuthetsa mkangano wazaka pafupifupi 70 zakudziko lathu ndi North Korea. Papa adati ku Norway. Chofunika koposa, Papa adayambitsa vutoli ngati mkangano pakati pa United States ndi North Korea, osati, monga akuchitira aku US, monga North Korea ikubweretsa vuto kapena kuwopseza dziko lonse lapansi.

Umu ndi momwe zokambirana zimagwirira ntchito bwino, pozindikira molondola komanso moona mtima maudindo omwe magulu osiyanasiyana akuchita pakusemphana kapena mkangano, kenako ndikuyesetsa kuthetsa kusamvana kwawo ndi zotsutsana m'njira zomwe mbali zonse ziwiri zitha kukhala kapena kupindula nazo. JCPOA yomwe idathetsa mkangano waku US ndi Iran pankhani yanyukiliya ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe izi zitha kugwirira ntchito.

Msonkhano wa mtundu uwu ndi wolira kwambiri kuchokera kwa kusinthana, kuopseza ndi mgwirizano wankhanza womwe wadzionetsa ngati zokambirana motsatizana ndi apurezidenti aku US ndi alembi aboma kuyambira Truman ndi Acheson, kupatulapo ochepa. Kukhumba kosalekeza kwa ambiri andale aku US kuti kumatsutsa JCPOA ndi Iran ndiyeso ya momwe akuluakulu a US akugwiritsira ntchito kuopseza ndi kuopseza ndipo akukhumudwitsidwa kuti United States "yapadera" iyenera kubwera kuchokera pa kavalo wake wokwera ndikukambirana molimba mtima ndi mayiko ena.

Pamaziko a ndondomeko zoyipa izi, monga wolemba mbiri William Appleman Williams analemba Masoka Achikhalidwe cha America mu 1959, kuli chisokonezo cha mphamvu yayikulu yankhondo yomwe idanyengerera atsogoleri aku US pambuyo pakupambana kothandizana nawo mu Second World War ndikupanga zida za nyukiliya. Mutatha kuthamangira kuzowonadi za dziko losagonjetseka pambuyo pa atsamunda ku Vietnam, loto laku America ili lamphamvu kwambiri lidazimiririka pang'ono, koma kuti abadwenso ndi kubwezera kutha kwa Cold War.

Ngakhale kuti kugonjetsedwa kwawo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse sikunali kotsimikiza kokwanira kutsimikizira Germany kuti zikhumbo zake zankhondo zawonongedwa, mbadwo watsopano wa atsogoleri aku US adawona kutha kwa Cold War ngati mwayi wawo "Kuthana ndi matenda a Vietnam" ndikutsitsimutsanso zopweteketsa za America "Zonsezi zikulamulira."

Monga Mikhail Gorbachev anadandaula kulankhula ku Berlin pa tsiku la 25th la kugwa kwa Berlin Wall ku 2014, "West, makamaka United States, adalengeza kuti apambana mu Cold War. Atsogoleri a Akumadzulo anapita kwa akuluakulu a azungu ndikudandaula. Pogwiritsa ntchito kufooketsa kwa Russia ndi kusowa kwa chiŵerengero chokwanira, iwo ankanena utsogoleri wodalirika ndi ulamuliro wa dziko lapansi, kukana kumvera chenjezo kwa ambiri a iwo omwe ali pano. "

Kupambana kumeneku pambuyo pa Cold War kudatitsogolera mu chisokonezo chambiri, masoka ndi zoopsa kuposa Cold War yomwe. Kupusa kwa zokhumba zosakhutitsa za atsogoleri athu komanso kukopana komwe kumachitika pafupipafupi ndikuzimiririka kukuwonetsedwa bwino ndi Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists ' Doomsday Clock, amene manja ake ayimiranso awiri ndi theka mphindi pakati pausiku.

Kulephera kwa nkhondo yamtengo wapatali yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa kuti igonjetse mphamvu zolimbitsa zida zankhondo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kapena kubwezeretsa bata ku mayiko ena omwe wawononga, zakhala zikusowa mphamvu zapakhomo za maboma a US kumayiko ena pazandale zathu mabungwe komanso chuma chathu. Ngakhale mamiliyoni a imfa, mabiliyoni madola anawonongeka, kapena kulephereka kosawerengeka paokha akulepheretsa kufalikira kwa maganizo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa "nkhondo yapadziko lonse pa mantha."

Zotsutsana ndi zotsitsimutsa ngati zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi nzeru zamakono tsiku lina zidzabweretsa dziko lomwe ma robot odzilamulira akhoza kuyambitsa nkhondo kuti akawononge mtundu wa anthu, mwinanso kuphatikizapo anthu monga zigawo za makina omwe atipangitsa kutaya kwathu. Mu magulu ankhondo a US ndi mafakitale ogwira ntchito zamagulu, kodi ife takhala tikukonza ndondomeko yeniyeni yaumunthu, yeniyeni-luso lazamisiri yomwe siidzaleka kupha mabomba, kupha ndi kuwononga pokhapokha mpaka titayimitsa iyo muzitsulo zake ndi kuiwononga?

Nicolas JS Davies ndiye mlembi wa Mwazi Wathu Manja: Ku America Kuukira ndi Kuwononga kwa Iraq. Adalembanso machaputala onena za "Obama pa Nkhondo" Polemba Purezidenti wa 44: Khadi La Lipoti Pa Nthawi Yoyamba ya Barack Obama ngati Mtsogoleri Wopita Patsogolo.