PHUNZITSANI: Chiyambi Cha Nkhondo, Kutha kwa Nkhondo

 ndi Judith Dzanja

Chidule ndi Malingaliro opangidwa

Russ Faure-Brac

2/4/2014

Ndemanga:

1) Ichi ndi chidule cha Gawo II - Momwe Titha Kuthetsa Nkhondo

2) Zolemba zomwe zatulutsidwa zofiira zimatanthauzira magawo a buku langa Kusandulika ku Mtendere zomwe ziri zofanana ndi miyala yazing'ono ya Judith.

Chaputala 10 - Mwala Wapangodya Woyeserera Kuthetsa Nkhondo

1. Landirani Cholinga (Penyani Mtendere, pg 92)

• Kufalitsa chidziwitso chomwe chimathetsa nkhondo ndi kotheka kuti anthu azivotera, kupereka ndalama ndi nthawi, kulipira misonkho, mwina kutsekera m'ndende, ndende kapena moyo wawo kuthetsa.

1. Perekani chitetezo ndi dongosolo (Mfundo za Mtendere, pg. 41)

• Lembani ufulu wa boma kupanga nkhondo, kutanthauza kuti palibe asilikali a dziko lonse. Mphamvu zolimbitsa malamulo ziyenera kuperekedwa mwa mtundu wina wa mphamvu za mtendere zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi ulamuliro wapadziko lonse monga UN (kuti ukhale wolimbikitsidwa ndi wolimbikitsidwa, osasinthidwa)
• Mayiko omwe akuyesetsa kuthetsa nkhondo ayenera kuteteza malire awo, ateteze njira zawo, azikhalabe ndi anthu amtundu wawo, ndipo poyamba amakhala ndi asilikali okwanira kuti ateteze mbali iliyonse yomwe ikuyang'ana nkhondo yomwe ingasokoneze anthu onse.
• Lekani kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe osagonjetsa monga Star Wars, machitidwe osayenera monga US Marine Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) ndi zida zonyansa ngati robot wankhondo.
• Perekani thandizo [lothandiza] lothandiza kwa mayiko ogwira nkhondo kuti olamulira awo kapena olamulira ankhondo asakane kukana (makamaka chithandizo chovuta ndicho kukana).
• Ndalama za msonkho zowonetsera chitetezo ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama za Dipatimenti ya Dipatimenti ya State yopereka chithandizo ndi mapulogalamu opititsa patsogolo mtendere.
• Pangani Dipatimenti ya Mtendere ndi ndalama zomwezo ndi udindo womwewo monga Dipatimenti ya Nkhondo (Chitetezo) (Pangani Dipatimenti ya Mtendere, pg. 45).
• Kuthana ndi makina a nkhondo posiya kunja maudindo andale omwe amaimira zofuna za makampani odzitetezera ndikugonjetsa makampani amenewo.

1. Onetsetsani Zopindulitsa Zofunika (Pangani Pulogalamu ya Global Marshall, pg. 47)

• Pamene anthu alibe zofunika zofunika pa chakudya, madzi ndi pogona, adzachita chilichonse chomwe angathe, kuphatikizapo kumenyana, kuti adzipeze.
• Tinasanduka "m'dziko lopanda kanthu." Tsopano tikukumana ndi "dziko lonse lapansi" losinthidwa kwambiri.
• M'malo molemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, anthu tsopano akuyang'ana kufunika kokhala odzidalira (Gulu la kusintha, pg. 72).
• Kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse ndikofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zofunika. Ngati sitichita kanthu, tidzakumana ndi kugwa kwa dongosolo panthawi ya chisokonezo chachuma, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Kapena mwinamwake zidzatulutsa zabwino mwa ife pamene tikupulumuka mwa mgwirizano mmalo molimbana.
• Sitingapitirize kubweretsa anthu ambiri okhala ndi moyo wautali. Kuthetsa nkhondo ziwerengero zathu ziyenera kusungidwa bwino ndi chuma chathu chachilengedwe.
• Ndizofunika kwambiri kuti tidziwe kuti anthu achimwemwe sakufuna kupita kunkhondo okha kapena kutumiza okondedwa ku nkhondo. Kuti tithetse nkhondo kwamuyaya, tiyenera kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zofunika, osati chuma chochuluka, zimafikira nzika zonse za dziko m'njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa ophunzira apakati. (kutanthauza kufunika kwa chinthu monga Global Marshall Plan)

1. Limbikitsani Kuthetsa Kusamvana Kwasagwirizane (Kusasamala, pg 25)

• Kusamvana ndikutanthauza mbali yowopsya ya biology yathu. Timafuna kuyendetsa galimoto koma sichiyenera kutithamangitsa ku nkhondo.
• Miyambo ya chikhalidwe ikhoza kusintha, monga ukapolo, kuwotchedwa pamtengo ndi kuponyedwa miyala. Palibe chimene chimatilepheretsa kusintha ngati titasankha.
• Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera pa nthawi yayitali imatchedwa "Tit-to-tat ndi chikhululukiro" mwa osewera:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito njira ina yopambana-kupambana njira iliyonse
  • Pereka chilango mwamsanga kwa olakwira
  • Khululukirani pamene olakwa akuwongolera
  • Tifunika kukhala olemekezeka ndikusangalala ndi anthu osapembedza monga Mel Duncan ndi David Hartsough, Jody Williams ndi omwe akukonza Zround Zero.

1. Gawani Demokalase Yotsitsimula Yolimba Mtima (Njira Zosintha Zosintha, tsa. 80; Fotokozerani Kupambana ndi Chimwemwe - Mfundo 5, tsa. 90; Zifukwa Zokhalira ndi Chiyembekezo, tsa. 95)

• Demokarase imasiyana mphamvu; chifukwa kufalitsa demokalase kumapangitsa kuti dziko likhale lopanda nkhondo.
• Demokalase yowombola imafunika, kuphatikizapo lamulo la malamulo lotetezedwa ndi malamulo, mabungwe odziimira komanso opanda tsankho, kulekanitsa tchalitchi ndi boma, kufanana kwa onse pansi pa lamulo, ufulu wa kulankhula, kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wa phindu ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa amayi m'mabungwe olamulira .
• Osagwirizana ndi demokrasi sayenera kusintha. Akhoza kukhala ogwirizana malinga ngati utsogoleri wawo ukupeza kuti mtendere udzakhalabe ndi mphamvu.
• Mgwirizano wa mtendere wosagwirizana wa padziko lonse ungagwiritse ntchito kaloti za malonda ndi chithandizo ndi ndodo za mtendere wa padziko lonse lapansi, anyamata ndi zilango kuti apange nkhondo zosayenera.

1. Kulimbitsa Akazi (Ntchito ya Gender, pg. 74)

• Mphamvu za demokrasi zowonjezereka mwa amuna a alpha-alpha zikanalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera kwa amayi ambiri monga opanga zisankho.
• Kugwirizana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi n'kofunika chifukwa abambo amalola kuvomereza kusintha ndipo akazi amakonda kupewa kusakhazikika kwa anthu. Tidzafuna mzimu wa abulu amene ali ndi khalidwe la amuna omwe amatsitsimutsa ndi machitidwe onse a akazi.

1. Kulumikizana kwachinyengo (Pangani Community, pg. 91)

• Kulumikizana kwa banja, chigawo ndi dziko lapansi ndilo malo okhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Amuna ndi akazi okhutira ndi okhutira safuna kukhala achigawenga.
• Nkhondo itatha, kukhazikika kwa mtsogolo kumadalira machiritso ndi chiyanjanitso.
• Chipembedzo chimatsogolera kugwirizana pamene chimaphunzitsa kuti nkhondo yolimbana ndi gulu lina sichiyenera kulangidwa.
• Kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe kungakhalenso wosangalatsa.

1. Kusuntha Zosintha Zathu (kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonongeka, pg. 58)

• Chimwemwe chachikulu cha dziko ndibwino kwa ubwino waumunthu.
• Kusintha kwa zofunikira zachuma kusiyana ndi chitetezo kumapangitsa zotsatira zapambana / kupambana chifukwa anthu amagwira ntchito mwanjira zabwino ndi amalonda amapindula pa ntchito zomanga, ngati kuli kotheka pazinthu zomaliza nkhondo.
• Cholinga chake sikuti munthu azichita bizinesi, koma makampani a nkhondo amayenera kubwezeretsa.
• Kwa magulu onse koma nkhondo, nkhondo imakhala yoipa kwa bizinesi. Makampani ovomerezeka amitundu yonse akhoza kukhala mgwirizano waukulu pa mtendere.

1. Funsani Amuna Achichepere (Pangani Peace Force, pg 49; Kupanga Chiwawa, pg. 84)

• Tsogolo lopanda nkhondo lidzakwaniritsa udindo wokhudzana ndi umuna umene sudalira kupha anthu ena. Tili ndi chidziwitso cha kukhazikitsa malamulo, ogwira ntchito zapadera ndi mavuto a kufufuza. Tikhoza kusunga anyamata athu pogwiritsa ntchito apolisi komanso kufunika kapena ntchito yaumwini pamapeto pa sukulu ya sekondale. Gwiritsani ntchito gulu labwino kwambiri ndi "kuzizira."

Chaputala 11 - Chiyembekezo

1. Pali zifukwa za chiyembekezo:

• Pali mitundu yodabwitsa yomwe imatsutsana ndi msampha wa nkhondo.
• Nthaŵi yathu m'mbiri yakale ikukonzekera chikhalidwe china, zomwe zimasiya nkhondo.
• Pali zitsanzo zamakedzana komanso zamakono za kusintha kwachangu kwa anthu.

1. Chikhalidwe cha Amino pachilumba cha Krete sichinali chonchi komanso chosamenyana chifukwa chakuti chinali:

• Chitetezo kwa achiwawa, pokhala chilumba
• Zothandizira zomwe zinathandiza kudzikwaniritsa
• Mphamvu yovomerezeka, yolimba
• Makhalidwe osadziletsa
• Chikoka champhamvu cha akazi
• Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe sanapitirire kupezeka kwazinthu

1. Miyambo ina yachiwiri yakale kwambiri, Caral wa Peru ndi Harappa ya Indus Valley, iyenera kuti inali yofanana ndi Aminoans pokana nkhondo.

1. A Norwaywa akusintha kuchokera ku mbiri monga chikhalidwe cha nkhondo (Vikings). Masiku ano pali kuyesayesa kosalekeza kwopezera chiwawa monga njira yothetsera mikangano.

1. Nthawi yathu m'mbiri yakale ikukonzekera kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumangidwa pa zochitika zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zinayamba pafupifupi zaka 700 zapitazo:

• Kukhazikitsidwa Kwatsopano ndi Kusintha
• Kubwera kwa Zamakono za Scientific Method
• Bwererani ku Boma la Democratic / Republican
• Akazi Ali ndi Mpata Wosankha
• Akazi Opeza Kupeza Kulumikizidwa Kowonongeka
• Kubwera kwa intaneti

1. Tili ndi mawindo opapatiza a kuthetsa nkhondo chifukwa chaopseza zomwe zingawononge kuyesetsa kwathu mwamtendere.

1. Zitsanzo zatsopano za kusintha:

• Pali kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumafunikira komanso kuti nkhondo siyatha.
• Chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha amuna chikuzindikira kufunika kwa amayi.
• Udindo ndi chikoka cha amayi pakuwonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi.

Chaputala 12 - Kutenga Zinthu Zophatikiza Palimodzi

1. Ndi nthawi yokwirira "lingaliro la nkhondo".

1. Tiyenera kukhala zenizeni zothetsa kupambana, zazikulu zisanu ndi izi:

• Chikhulupiriro chofala chothetsa nkhondo sichingatheke
• Ndalama zopangidwa mu nkhondo
• Ulemerero wa nkhondo
• Kulephera kuvomereza miyambi ya nkhondo
• Kupeputsa kufunika kofunikira kwa amayi kuti azikhala bata

1. Kuthetsa nkhondo kumafuna mapulogalamu othandiza komanso osokoneza. Mapulogalamu othandiza ndi ntchito zabwino za anthu kukonzekera tsogolo losinthidwa. Mapulogalamu oletsedwa monga kusamvera malamulo osagwirizana ndi boma kapena zochitika zachindunji ndizofunikira kuti asinthe mofulumira.
2. Zonse zomwe zimapanga mapulojekiti olimbikitsa ndi olepheretsa amafunika kupanga ndondomeko yowonongeka kwa nkhondo. Zigawo zinayi zofunika za dongosolo lake lotchedwa FACE (For All Children Everywhere) ndi:

• Cholinga chogawana
• Njira yodzigwirizanitsa bwino Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera zachiwawa ndi machitidwe ake ambiri opambana
• Njira yokhala ndi utsogoleri ndi mgwirizano monga "mgwirizano wogawanika kwambiri" wogwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika ndi International Campaign Kuletsa Ma Land (ICBL):
  • Kulowa kumasowa zosowa
  • Mamembala amachita ntchito iliyonse yabwino
  • Palibe njira yowongoka pamwamba
  • Komiti yayikulu yotsogolera ndi yaing'ono: ochepa omwe amapatsidwa antchito ndi odzipereka
  • Ndondomeko yowonjezera ndikutsatila kotero kuti dziko lizindikire gulu lamphamvu, logwirizana lokhazikitsa mtima kuthetsa nkhondo

1. CHIKHULUPIRIRO chingagwiritse ntchito zovuta kuti magulu a nkhondo azifooka kwambiri ndipo azikhala ngati chikhomo, chokhazikika cha mgwirizano ndi kukula. Zolingazo zikhale:

• Zimatheka
• Sungani msonkhanowu patsogolo ndi
• Pezani chidwi chenicheni cha padziko lonse.

1. FACE idzayendera kupita patsogolo kwa phwando, kukondwerera zopambana ndikupereka maukonde kuti ntchito zonse zitheke bwino.

1. Zitsanzo za mfundo zoyamba zoyambira, zoyesayesa zowonjezereka, zomwe zingatheke m'tsogolomu komanso zolinga zamtsogolo:

• Limbikitsani UN kuti akhazikitse sitima yanzeru yothetsa nkhondo
• Pewani kuyesa kulikonse koyika zida zonyansa pamalo
• Kufuna kuthetsa zida zonse za nyukiliya
• Limbikitsani kugwirizanitsa umodzi
• Gwiritsani ntchito drones ngati zida zowononga, zakupha
• Ikani kugulitsa mikono kudutsa malire kunja kwa bizinesi
• Kulimbikitsa UN kuti adziwe kuti nkhondoyo ndiyiyi yonse siililoledwa

1. M'malo molimbikitsa anthu kukhala otsogolera ambiri, atsogolereni akazi ngati apulotesitanti oyambirira. Amuna amene amayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi amayang'anizana ndi kuopseza amayi, agogo, alongo ndi alongo awo.

1. Zina zinayi zomwe zingapewe kubwerera ku nkhondo

• Sankhani atsogoleri mwanzeru (samalani anthu otentha)
• Sankhani nzeru za mtundu wanu kapena chipembedzo mwanzeru
• Khalani ndi chilungamo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
• Pita ku miyala yonse yamakona