Wolemba Krishen Mehta, Komiti Ya ku America Yogwirizana ndi US-Russia, May 4, 2021
Kubwera kuchokera kudziko lotukuka, ndili ndi lingaliro lina losiyana pazachilango chifukwa zandithandiza kuwona zomwe US ikuchita kuchokera kuzowoneka bwino komanso zopanda chiyembekezo.
Choyamba chabwino: India italandira ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1947, mabungwe ake angapo (kuphatikiza mayunivesite a engineering, masukulu azachipatala, ndi zina zotero) anali ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ndalama kuchokera ku United States. Izi zidabwera ngati thandizo lachindunji, mgwirizano ndi mabungwe aku US, akatswiri oyendera, ndi kusinthana kwina. Tikukulira ku India tidawona izi ngati chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha America. Institutes of Technology, kumene ndinali ndi mwayi wolandira digiri yanga ya uinjiniya, nawonso anamaliza maphunziro awo monga Sundar Photosi, yemwe ndi mkulu wa bungwe la Microsoft, ndi Satya Nadella, yemwe ndi mkulu wamkulu wa Microsoft. Kukula kwa Silicon Valley kunali mwa zina chifukwa cha zochita za kuwolowa manja ndi zabwino zomwe zidaphunzitsa akatswiri m'maiko ena. Akatswiriwa sanangotumikira mayiko awo okha komanso adagawana nawo luso lawo komanso bizinesi yawo kuno ku United States. Kunali kupambana-kupambana kwa mbali zonse ziwiri, ndipo kuyimira zabwino kwambiri zaku America.
Tsopano kwa zomwe sizinali zabwino: Pomwe ena mwa omaliza maphunziro athu adabwera kudzagwira ntchito ku US, ena adapita kukagwira ntchito m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene monga Iraq, Iran, Syria, Indonesia, ndi mayiko ena. Omaliza maphunziro anzanga amene anapita ku maiko amenewo, ndi amene ndinapitirizabe kulankhulana nawo, anaona mbali yosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya Amereka. Iwo omwe adathandizira kumanga zomangamanga ku Iraq ndi Syria, mwachitsanzo, adawona kuti zidawonongedwa kwambiri ndi zomwe US achita. Malo opangira madzi, zomera zaukhondo, ngalande za ulimi wothirira, misewu yayikulu, zipatala, masukulu ndi makoleji, zomwe anzanga ambiri adathandizira kumanga (kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mainjiniya aku Iraq) adasanduka mabwinja. Anzanga angapo m’ntchito yachipatala anaona vuto lalikulu la chithandizo chaumunthu chifukwa cha zilango zomwe zinachititsa kusowa kwa madzi abwino, magetsi, mankhwala opha tizilombo, insulini, mankhwala opha mano, ndi njira zina zofunika zopulumutsira. Anali ndi mwayi woona ana akufera m’manja mwawo chifukwa chosowa mankhwala othana ndi kolera, typhus, chikuku, ndi matenda ena. Anzathu omaliza maphunziro ameneŵa anali umboni kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akuvutika mosayenera chifukwa cha chilango chathu. Sikunali kupambana-kupambana kwa mbali zonse, ndipo sikunayimire zabwino za America.
Kodi tikuwona chiyani pozungulira ife lero? US ili ndi zilango kumayiko opitilira 30, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lapansi. Mliriwu utayamba koyambirira kwa 2020, Boma lathu lidayesa kuletsa Iran kuti igule masks opumira kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja, komanso zida zowonera zomwe zimatha kuzindikira kachilomboka m'mapapo. Tidatsutsa ngongole yadzidzidzi ya $ 5 Biliyoni yomwe Iran idapempha ku IMF kuti igule zida ndi katemera kumsika wakunja. Venezuela ili ndi pulogalamu yotchedwa CLAP, yomwe ndi pulogalamu yogawa chakudya m'deralo kwa mabanja mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse kapena kupitilira apo, yopereka zofunikira monga chakudya, mankhwala, tirigu, mpunga, ndi zina zofunika kwambiri. US yakhala ikuyesera mobwerezabwereza kusokoneza pulogalamu yofunikayi ngati njira yopweteketsa boma la Nicolas Maduro. Pamene banja lililonse likulandira mapaketiwa pansi pa CLAP kukhala ndi mamembala anayi, pulogalamuyi imathandizira mabanja pafupifupi 24 miliyoni, mwa anthu 28 miliyoni ku Venezuela. Koma zilango zathu zitha kupangitsa kuti pulogalamuyi isapitirire. Kodi iyi ndi US yomwe ili bwino kwambiri? Zilango za Kaisara motsutsana ndi Syria zikuyambitsa vuto lalikulu lothandizira anthu mdzikolo. 80% ya anthu tsopano yagwa pansi pa umphawi chifukwa cha zilango. Malinga ndi mfundo za maiko akunja zilango zimawoneka ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri pazida zathu, mosasamala kanthu za vuto lachitukuko lomwe limayambitsa. James Jeffreys, kazembe wathu wamkulu kumeneko kwa zaka zambiri, wanena kuti cholinga cha zilango ndikusintha Syria kukhala matope a Russia ndi Iran. Koma palibe kuzindikira zavuto lothandizira anthu lomwe lachitika kwa anthu wamba aku Syria. Timakhala m'minda yamafuta aku Syria kuti tiletse dzikolo kukhala ndi ndalama zolipirira, ndipo tikukhala m'malo ake achonde kuti asapeze chakudya. Kodi America iyi ili bwino kwambiri?
Tiyeni tibwerere ku Russia. Pa Epulo 15 dziko la US lidalengeza zilango motsutsana ndi Ngongole ya Boma la Russia chifukwa chotchedwa kusokoneza zisankho za 2020 komanso kuwukira kwa intaneti. Mwa zina chifukwa cha zilango izi, pa April 27th, Russian Central Bank inalengeza kuti chiwongoladzanja chidzawonjezeka kuchokera ku 4.5% mpaka 5%. Uku ndikusewera ndi moto. Ngakhale ngongole yaku Russia ili pafupifupi $ 260 Biliyoni, tangoganizani ngati zinthu zidasinthidwa. US ili ndi ngongole yadziko lonse pafupifupi $ 26 Trillion, yomwe yoposa 30% imasungidwa ndi mayiko akunja. Nanga bwanji ngati China, Japan, India, Brazil, Russia, ndi mayiko ena akana kubweza ngongole zawo kapena aganiza zogulitsa? Pakhoza kukhala kukwera kwakukulu kwa chiwongola dzanja, kutha kwa ndalama, kusowa kwa ntchito, ndi kufooka kwakukulu kwa dola yaku US. Chuma cha US chikhoza kuwonetsa kuchepa kwachuma ngati mayiko onse atachoka. Ngati sitidzifunira tokha izi, n’chifukwa chiyani tikuzifunira mayiko ena? Dziko la US lakhala ndi zilango ku Russia pazifukwa zingapo, ndipo ambiri a iwo amachokera ku nkhondo ya ku Ukraine mu 2014. Chuma cha Russia ndi pafupifupi 8% ya chuma cha US, pa $ 1.7 Trillion poyerekeza ndi chuma chathu cha $ 21 Trillion, ndipo komabe tikufuna kuwapweteka kwambiri. Russia ili ndi magwero atatu akuluakulu a ndalama, ndipo tili ndi zilango kwa onsewo: gawo lawo lamafuta ndi gasi, makampani awo otumiza zida zankhondo, komanso gawo lazachuma lomwe limapangitsa kuti chuma chiziyenda bwino. Mwayi umene achinyamata ali nawo kuti ayambe malonda, kubwereka ndalama, kutenga zoopsa, kumangiriridwa mbali ina ku gawo lawo lazachuma ndipo tsopano ngakhale kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha chilango. Kodi izi ndi zomwe anthu aku America akufuna?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zofunika zomwe ndondomeko yathu yonse ya zilango iyenera kuganiziridwanso. Izi ndi izi: 1) Zilango zakhala njira yokhala ndi 'ndondomeko yakunja pazotsika mtengo' popanda zotsatira zapakhomo, ndikulola 'nkhondo' iyi kuti ilowe m'malo mwa zokambirana, 2) Zilango zitha kunenedwa kuti ndizoyipa kuposa nkhondo, chifukwa pa pang'ono pankhondo pali ndondomeko kapena ndondomeko zowononga anthu wamba. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa Sanctions, anthu wamba amavulazidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo miyeso yambiri imayang'aniridwa mwachindunji ndi anthu wamba, 3) Zilango ndi njira yolumikizira maiko omwe amatsutsa mphamvu zathu, mphamvu zathu, malingaliro athu adziko lapansi, 4) Zilango zilibe nthawi, 'zochitika zankhondo' izi zitha kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali popanda vuto lililonse ku Ulamuliro kapena ku Congress. Iwo amakhala mbali ya Nkhondo zathu Zamuyaya. 5) Anthu a ku America amagwera pa Zilango nthawi zonse, chifukwa zimayikidwa pansi pa chinyengo cha ufulu waumunthu, kuyimira kupambana kwa makhalidwe athu kuposa ena. Anthu sakumvetsa kuvulazidwa koopsa komwe zilango zathu zimachita, ndipo kukambirana kotereku sikunawonekere pa TV. 6) Chifukwa cha zilango, timakhala pachiwopsezo chochotsa achinyamata m'maiko omwe akukhudzidwa, chifukwa moyo wawo ndi tsogolo lawo zimasokonekera chifukwa cha chilangocho. Anthuwa akhoza kukhala ogwirizana nafe mtsogolo mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere, ndipo sitingathe kutaya ubwenzi wawo, chithandizo chawo, ndi ulemu wawo.
Chifukwa chake ndinganene kuti ndi nthawi yoti malamulo athu azilango awunikidwe ndi Congress ndi Ulamuliro, kuti pakhale zokambirana zapagulu za iwo, ndikuti tibwerere ku zokambirana m'malo mopitiliza 'Nkhondo Zamuyaya' izi kudzera mu zilango. amene ali chabe mtundu wa nkhondo zachuma. Ndimaganiziranso za momwe tachokera pomanga masukulu ndi mayunivesite akunja, kutumiza anyamata ndi atsikana athu ngati mamembala a bungwe lamtendere, kumayiko ankhondo a 800 m'maiko a 70 ndikulangidwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lapansi. . Zilango siziyimira zabwino zomwe anthu aku America angapereke, ndipo siziyimira kuwolowa manja ndi chifundo cha anthu aku America. Pazifukwa izi, ulamuliro wa chilango uyenera kutha ndipo nthawi yake ndi ino.
Krishen Mehta ndi membala wa Board of ACURA (American Committee for US Russia Accord). Ndi mnzake wakale ku PwC ndipo pano ndi Senior Global Justice Fellow ku Yale University.
