ndi Vijay Prashad, Kutumiza Anthu, September 17, 2021
Mwezi wa Julayi ndi Ogasiti asitikali aku Rwanda adatumizidwa ku Mozambique, akuti akumenya nkhondo ndi zigawenga za ISIS. Komabe, kuseri kwa ntchitoyi ndikuwongolera ku France komwe kumapindulitsa chimphona champhamvu chofunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito gasi, ndipo mwina, zipinda zina zam'mbuyomu zimachita mbiri yakale.
Pa Julayi 9, boma la Rwanda anati kuti idatumiza asitikali 1,000 ku Mozambique kukamenya nkhondo ndi al-Shabaab, omwe alanda chigawo chakumpoto cha Cabo Delgado. Patatha mwezi umodzi, pa Ogasiti 8, asitikali aku Rwanda analanda mzinda wapadoko wa Mocímboa da Praia, komwe kufupi ndi gombe kumakhala chikondwerero chachikulu cha gasi lachilengedwe lomwe kampani yaku France ya TotalEnergies SE ndi kampani yamagetsi yaku US ExxonMobil. Izi zatsopano m'chigawochi zidatsogolera Purezidenti wa African Development Bank a M. Akinwumi Adesina kulengeza pa Ogasiti 27 kuti TotalEnergies SE ikhazikitsanso projekiti yachilengedwe ya Cabo Delgado kumapeto kwa 2022.
Ankhondo ochokera ku al-Shabaab (kapena ISIS-Mozambique, ngati US State department amakonda kuyitcha) sanalimbane ndi munthu womaliza; adasowa owoloka malire kulowa Tanzania kapena m'midzi yawo kumadera akumwera. Makampani opanga mphamvu, posakhalitsa ayamba kubweza ndalama zawo ndikupindula bwino, makamaka chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi asitikali aku Rwanda.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Rwanda idalowererapo ku Mozambique mu Julayi 2021 kuti iteteze, makamaka makampani akulu awiri amagetsi? Yankho lagona pazochitika zapadera kwambiri zomwe zidachitika miyezi ingapo asirikaliwo asanachoke ku Kigali, likulu la dziko la Rwanda.
Mabiliyoni akukhala m'madzi
Omenyera a Al-Shabaab adayamba kupanga zawo maonekedwe ku Cabo Delgado mu Okutobala 2017. Kwa zaka zitatu, gululi lidasewera masewera amphaka ndi mbewa ndi gulu lankhondo la Mozambique kale kutenga kulamulira Mocímboa da Praia mu Ogasiti 2020. Palibe chomwe chidawoneka ngati chotheka kuti gulu lankhondo la Mozambique lilepheretse al-Shabaab ndikuloleza TotalEnergies SE ndi ExxonMobil kuyambiranso ntchito ku Rovuma Basin, kufupi ndi gombe lakumpoto kwa Mozambique, komwe kuli mpweya wachilengedwe waukulu munda unali Anapeza mu February 2010.
Unduna Wamkati ku Mozambique unali nawo olembedwa ntchito ma mercenaries osiyanasiyana monga Gulu Lalangizi la Dyck (South Africa), Frontier Services Gulu (Hong Kong), ndi Wagner Group (Russia). Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti 2020, TotalEnergies SE ndi boma la Mozambique adasaina a mgwirizano kupanga gulu logwirizira lachitetezo kuti liteteze zomwe kampaniyi yakhala ikulimbana ndi al-Shabaab. Palibe gulu la zida zankhondo lomwe linapambana. Ndalamazi zidakakamira m'madzi.
Pakadali pano, Purezidenti wa Mozambique Filipe Nyusi adati, monga adauzidwa ndi gwero ku Maputo, kuti a TotalEnergies SE atha kufunsa boma la France kuti litumize gulu loti lithandizire poteteza malowa. Zokambiranazi zidapitilira 2021. Pa Januware 18, 2021, Nduna Yowona Zachitetezo ku France a Florence Parly ndi mnzake ku Portugal, a João Gomes Cravinho, adalankhula pafoni, pomwe adanena ku Maputo-anakambirana za kuthekera kwa kuloŵerera kwa Azungu ku Cabo Delgado. Patsikuli, CEO wa TotalEnergies SE a Patrick Pouyanné adakumana ndi Purezidenti Nyusi ndi nduna zake zachitetezo (Jaime Bessa Neto) komanso amkati (Amade Miquidade) ku kambiranani "ndondomeko yothandizira kulimbikitsa chitetezo m'derali." Palibe chomwe chidabwera. Boma la France silinkafuna kuti alowererepo.
Mkulu wina ku Maputo anandiuza kuti akukhulupirira kwambiri ku Mozambique kuti Purezidenti wa France Emmanuel Macron adalimbikitsa gulu lankhondo la Rwanda, m'malo mwa asitikali aku France, kuti atumize Cabo Delgado. Inde, magulu ankhondo aku Rwanda - ophunzitsidwa bwino, okhala ndi zida zokwanira ndi mayiko akumadzulo, komanso osalangidwa kuti achite zosemphana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi - asonyeza kulimba kwawo pantchito zomwe zachitika ku South Sudan ndi Central African Republic.
Zomwe Kagame adapeza polowererapo
Paul Kagame adalamulira Rwanda kuyambira 1994, woyamba ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti komanso nduna ya zachitetezo kenako 2000 ngati purezidenti. Pansi pa Kagame, zikhalidwe za demokalase zanyalanyazidwa mdzikolo, pomwe asitikali aku Rwanda agwira ntchito mwankhanza ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lipoti la 2010 Mapping Project lonena za kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Democratic Republic of the Congo anasonyeza kuti asitikali aku Rwanda adapha "mazana masauzande ngati si mamiliyoni" a nzika zaku Congo ndi othawa kwawo aku Rwanda pakati pa 1993 ndi 2003. Kagame adakana lipoti la UN, kutanthauza kuti chiphunzitsochi "chakupha kawiri konse" chidatsutsa kuphana kwa anthu aku Rwanda mu 1994. Adafuna kuti a French avomereze za kuphedwa kwa anthu mu 1994 ndipo akuyembekeza kuti mayiko akunja anyalanyaza kuphedwa komwe kum'mawa kwa Congo.
Pa Marichi 26, 2021, wolemba mbiri Vincent Duclert adapereka tsamba 992 lipoti pankhani yaku France pakupha anthu ku Rwanda. Ripotilo likuwonekeratu kuti France iyenera kuvomereza - monga momwe a Médecins Sans Frontières ananenera - "udindo waukulu" pakupha anthu. Koma lipotilo silinena kuti dziko la France lidachita nawo zachiwawa. Duclert adapita ku Kigali pa Epulo 9 mpaka Perekani lipotilo pamaso pa Kagame, yemwe anati kuti kusindikiza kwa lipotilo "kukuwonetsa gawo lofunikira kuti timvetsetse zomwe zidachitika."
Pa Epulo 19, boma la Rwanda lidatulutsa a lipoti kuti idalamulidwa ndi kampani yazamalamulo yaku US Levy Firestone Muse. Mutu wa lipotili ukunena zonse. Achifalansa sanakane mawu okhwima mu chikalatachi, omwe akuti France idanyamula magwire ndiyeno mwachangu kuwateteza kuti asawunikidwe ndi mayiko ena. Macron, yemwe wonyansidwa naye kuvomereza Nkhanza zaku France munkhondo yomenyera ufulu yaku Algeria, sizinatsutse mtundu wa mbiri ya Kagame. Umenewu unali mtengo womwe anali wokonzeka kulipira.
Zomwe France akufuna
Pa Epulo 28, 2021, Purezidenti wa Mozambique Nyusi adayendera Kagame mu Rwanda. Nyusi adanena Ofalitsa nkhani aku Mozambique kuti abwera kudzaphunzira za zomwe Rwanda idachita ku Central African Republic ndikudziwitsanso kufunitsitsa kwa Rwanda kuthandiza Mozambique ku Cabo Delgado.
Pa Meyi 18, Macron linapangitsa msonkhano ku Paris, "kufuna kulimbikitsa ndalama ku Africa pakati pa mliri wa COVID-19," womwe udapezeka ndi atsogoleri angapo aboma, kuphatikiza a Kagame ndi Nyusi, Purezidenti wa African Union (Moussa Faki Mahamat), Purezidenti wa African Development Bank (Akinwumi Adesina), purezidenti wa West African Development Bank (Serge Ekué), komanso wamkulu wa International Monetary Fund (Kristalina Georgieva). Kutuluka mu "kukhumudwa kwachuma" kunali pamwamba pa akamayesetsa, ngakhale pamisonkhano yapadera panali zokambirana zakulowererapo kwa Rwanda ku Mozambique.
Patadutsa sabata, Macron adanyamuka kupita ku ulendo kupita ku Rwanda ndi South Africa, kuthera masiku awiri (Meyi 26 ndi 27) ku Kigali. Adabwereza zomwe zapezeka mu lipoti la a Duclert, wabweretsa pamodzi ndi 100,000 COVID-19 katemera kupita ku Rwanda (komwe ndi 4 peresenti yokha ya anthu omwe adalandira gawo loyamba panthawi yobwera), ndipo adakhala nthawi yayitali akulankhula ndi Kagame. Pa Meyi 28, limodzi ndi Purezidenti wa South Africa a Cyril Ramaphosa, Macron analankhula za Mozambique, kunena kuti France idakonzeka "kutenga nawo mbali pamagulu anyanja," koma ikadapitanso ku Southern African Development Community (SADC) ndi maulamuliro ena am'madera. Sanatchule Rwanda mwachindunji.
Rwanda idalowa Mozambique mu Julayi, amatsatira ndi asitikali a SADC, omwe amaphatikiza asitikali aku South Africa. France idapeza zomwe ikufuna: Katswiri wake wamphamvu tsopano atha kubweza ndalama zake.
Nkhaniyi idapangidwa ndi Chizindikiro.
Vijay Prashad ndi wolemba mbiri waku India, mkonzi komanso mtolankhani. Ndi mnzake wolemba komanso mtolankhani wamkulu ku Globetrotter. Ndiye mtsogoleri wa Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. Ndi mnzake wamkulu wosakhala ku Chongyang Institute for Financial Study, Yunivesite ya Renmin ku China. Adalemba mabuku opitilira 20, kuphatikiza Mitundu Yakuda ndi Mitundu Yosauka. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi Washington Bullets, ndi mawu oyamba a Evo Morales Ayma.
