Kuphunzira kuchokera ku Egypt Revolution
Ndi David Swanson
Nanga bwanji ngati anthu ku United States angamvetse kuti “kusintha” ndi chinthu choposa mawu olimbikitsa kampeni pazisankho zapurezidenti?
Buku latsopano la Ahmed Salah, Mukumangidwa chifukwa cha Master Kuganizira za Revolution ya Aigupto (Memoir), koyambirira akuwonetsa mutu wake ngati kukokomeza, koma m'kati mwa bukhuli limagwira ntchito kutsimikizira. Salah analidi wokhudzidwa ngati wina aliyense pakupanga chikoka cha anthu ku Egypt kwazaka zambiri, mpaka kugwetsedwa kwa Hosni Mubarak, ngakhale nkhani zake zonse zakumenyana pakati pa magulu omenyera ufulu wa anthu zimayenera kukhala ndi akaunti zina kuchokera kwa aliyense amene akukhudzidwa.
Zoonadi, kukhala ndi luso losintha zinthu sikufanana ndi kukhala katswiri pa ntchito yomanga. Ndi zambiri za kutchova njuga, kugwira ntchito yokonzekera anthu kuti achite zinthu moyenera pamene ndipo ngati mphindi ikafika yomwe anthu ali okonzeka kuchitapo kanthu - ndiyeno akugwira ntchito yomangapo kuti gawo lotsatira likhale lothandiza kwambiri. Kutha kupanga nthawizo kuli ngati kuyesa kuwongolera nyengo, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ziyenera kukhala choncho mpaka mitundu yatsopano yankhani zademokalase itakhaladi media media.
Salah akuyamba nkhani yake yomanga mayendedwe ndi zigawenga zazikulu zomwe kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zambiri zidalimbikitsa anthu ku Cairo kuti azikhala pachiwopsezo chopita m'misewu potsutsa: kuukira kwa US ku Iraq ku 2003. Potsutsa umbanda waku US, anthu amathanso kutsutsa kulowerera kwa boma lawo lachinyengo pankhaniyi. Akhoza kulimbikitsana wina ndi mnzake kukhulupirira kuti chinachake chingachitike ponena za boma limene linachititsa Aigupto mwamantha ndi manyazi kwa zaka zambiri.
Mu 2004, omenyera ufulu waku Egypt, kuphatikiza Salah, adapanga Kefaya! (Zakwana!) kuyenda. Koma adalimbana kuti agwiritse ntchito ufulu wowonetsa poyera (popanda kumenyedwa kapena kutsekeredwa m'ndende). Apanso, George W. Bush anabwera kudzathandiza. Mabodza ake okhudza zida zaku Iraq adagwa, ndipo adayamba kunena zachabechabe zankhondo zomwe zimabweretsa demokalase ku Middle East. Kulankhula kumeneko, ndi mauthenga ochokera ku US State Department, adalimbikitsa boma la Aigupto kuti lidziletse pang'ono pa nkhanza zake zopondereza. Komanso kukwera kukapulumutsa kunali njira zatsopano zolankhulirana, makamaka njira za kanema wawayilesi monga Al Jazeera, ndi mabulogu omwe amatha kuwerengedwa ndi atolankhani akunja.
Kefaya ndi gulu lina lotchedwa Youth for Change lomwe Salah adawatsogolera adagwiritsa ntchito nthabwala ndi zisudzo kuti ayambe kuvomereza kuti alankhule zoipa za Mubarak. Adapanga ziwonetsero zachangu, zazing'ono komanso zosalengezedwa m'malo osauka a Cairo, kupitilira apolisi asanabwere. Iwo sanapereke malingaliro awo achinsinsi powalengeza pa intaneti, omwe Aigupto ambiri analibe mwayi wopeza. Salah akukhulupirira kuti atolankhani akunja awonjezera kufunikira kwa intaneti kwazaka zambiri chifukwa zinali zosavuta kuti azitha kuzipeza kusiyana ndi zolimbikitsa zapamsewu.
Omenyera ufuluwa sanalowe mu ndale zachisankho pazomwe amawona ngati dongosolo lachinyengo lopanda chiyembekezo, ngakhale adaphunzira gulu la Otpor ku Serbia lomwe linagwetsa Slobodan Milosevic. Anapangana mosasamala kanthu za ngozi zazikulu, kuphatikizapo akazitape a boma ndi oloŵerera, ndipo Salah, mofanana ndi ena ambiri, anali kulowa ndi kutuluka m’ndende, panthaŵi ina ananyanyala njala kufikira pamene anamasulidwa. "Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakayikira," alemba motero Salah, "kuti zikwangwani zokhala ndi zikwangwani zitha kusintha chilichonse, zida zachitetezo ku Egypt zidatitenga ngati adani akunja. . . . State Security inali ndi antchito opitilira 100,000 odzipereka kuyang'anira ndi kuthetsa gulu lililonse lomwe limatsutsa ulamuliro wa Mubarak."
Chilimbikitso chofuna kukana anthu ambiri chinatsika ndikuyenda m'zaka zapitazi. Mu 2007 idalimbikitsidwa ndi ogwira ntchito omwe adanyanyala ntchito komanso anthu akuchita zipolowe chifukwa chosowa mkate. Mgwirizano woyamba wodziimira pawokha ku Egypt unakhazikitsidwa ku 2009. Magulu osiyanasiyana adagwira ntchito yokonzekera chiwonetsero chapagulu pa April 6, 2008, pomwe ntchito Salah adazindikira udindo watsopano komanso wofunikira womwe Facebook adachita. Komabe, povutikira kudziwitsa anthu za kunyanyala kwakukulu pa Epulo 6, omenyera ufulu wawo adalimbikitsidwa ndi boma lomwe lidalengeza m'ma media aboma kuti palibe amene akuyenera kutenga nawo gawo pachiwonetsero chomwe chikukonzekera pa Epulo 6 - podziwitsa aliyense za kukhalapo kwake komanso kufunikira kwake.
Salah akufotokoza zisankho zovuta zambiri pazaka zambiri, kuphatikiza kusankha kugwira ntchito ndi boma la US ndikupita ku United States kukalimbikitsa boma la US kukakamiza Egypt. Izi zitha kuwononga kapena kuwononga mbiri ya Salah ndi anthu omwe amakayikira zolinga zabwino zaku US. Koma Salah amawona zochitika zofunika pomwe mafoni ochokera ku Washington mwina adalola kuti ziwonetsero zichitike.
Nthawi ina kumapeto kwa 2008 Salah amalankhula ndi mkulu wa US National Security Council yemwe amamuuza kuti nkhondo ya Iraq "idasokoneza lingaliro la 'kukwezeleza demokalase'" choncho Bush sangachite zambiri kulimbikitsa demokalase. Mafunso osachepera awiri amadumphira m'maganizo: Kodi kupha mabomba kukuyenera kupereka dzina loipa pakukweza demokalase yopanda chiwawa? ndi Kodi ndi liti pamene Bush adachitapo zambiri pakulimbikitsa demokalase?
Salah ndi ogwirizana nawo adayesa kusintha mindandanda yayikulu ya abwenzi a Facebook kukhala omenyera nkhondo zenizeni padziko lapansi popanda kuchita bwino. Anamenyana wina ndi mzake ndipo anakhumudwa. Kenako, mu 2011, Tunisia inachitika. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, anthu aku Tunisia (popanda thandizo la US kapena kukana kwa US, wina angazindikire) adagonjetsa wolamulira wawo wankhanza. Iwo anauzira Aigupto. Iyi inali nyengo yokonzekera kuwomba mphepo yamkuntho ku Cairo ngati wina angadziwe momwe angayendetsere.
Kuyitanira pa intaneti kwa tsiku lachisinthiko pa Januware 25th kudayikidwa ndi mluzu wakale wapolisi waku Egypt yemwe amakhala ku Virginia (zomwe zilinso, monga ndikukumbukira, pomwe atsogoleri ankhondo aku Egypt amakumana ku Pentagon panthawiyo - ndiye mwina nyumba yanga. dziko linali mbali zonse ziwiri). Salah anadziwa ndipo analankhula ndi woululira malipenga. Salah anali wotsutsana ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu chonchi, koma pokhulupirira kuti sizingatheke chifukwa cha kukwezedwa pa intaneti, adakonza njira zopangira kuti zikhale zamphamvu momwe angathere.
Kaya zomwe anachitazo zinali zosapeŵeka kapena ayi sizikudziwika, chifukwa Salah adatulukanso ndikukafunsa anthu m'misewu ndipo sanapeze aliyense amene adamva za mapulaniwo. Anazindikiranso kuti anthu okhala m'madera osauka amatha kukhulupirira zabodza zaboma zomwe zidabwera pawailesi yakanema yomwe amapeza, pomwe anthu apakati amalavulira misala pa Mubarak. Nkhani yomwe apolisi adapha mnyamata wina wapakati adawonetsa anthu kuti ali pachiwopsezo.
Salah adapezanso kuti anthu ambiri omwe adanena kuti adzachita nawo ziwonetsero adanena kuti adzachita ngati wina aliyense apite patsogolo. Iwo ankachita mantha kuti adzakhale oyamba kulowa m’bwalo lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, a Salah ndi ogwirizana nawo adapita kukakonza timagulu tating'onoting'ono kuti tiyambe ziwonetsero m'malo omwe sanatchulidwe m'madera apakati komanso misewu yaying'ono pomwe apolisi amawopa kuwatsata. Chiyembekezo, chomwe chinazindikirika, chinali chakuti maulendo ang'onoang'ono adzakula pamene akusunthira ku Tahrir Square, ndi kuti akafika pabwaloli onse pamodzi adzakhala aakulu mokwanira kuti atenge. Salah akutsindika kuti, ngakhale panali Twitter ndi Facebook, anali mawu apakamwa omwe adagwira ntchitoyi.
Koma kodi munthu angatengere bwanji dongosolo loterolo m’malo aakulu ngati United States, pamene anthu apakati afalikira m’chipwirikiti chodetsa moyo? Ndipo zingapikisane bwanji ndi nkhani zabodza zaluso zamawayilesi aku US? Salah atha kunena kuti omenyera ufulu m'maiko ena omwe adamva za "Facebook Revolution" ndikuyesa kubwereza alephera chifukwa sizinali zenizeni. Koma njira yolankhulirana yomwe ingathe kuyendetsa chisinthiko imakhalabe yofunidwa - ndi malingaliro, ndikuganiza, zowoneka, osati mochuluka kwambiri pamasewero ochezera a pa Intaneti, monga mu malipoti odziimira okha, kapena mwina kuphatikiza ziwirizi.
Salah akuwona momwe boma la Mubarak lidadzipweteka podula mafoni ndi intaneti. Amakambirana za momwe ziwawa zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pakusintha kosachita zachiwawa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makomiti a anthu kuti akhazikitse bata pomwe apolisi adathawa mumzinda. Akukhudza mwachidule kulakwitsa kodabwitsa kopereka chiwembu cha anthu kwa asitikali. Sanena zambiri za gawo la US pothandizira kuukira boma. Salah akuwona kuti mkati mwa Marichi 2011 iye ndi omenyera ufulu ena adakumana ndi a Hillary Clinton omwe adakana kuwathandiza.
Panopa Salah amakhala ku United States. Tizikhala tikumuitana kuti azikamba nkhani m’sukulu iliyonse ndi m’bwalo lililonse. Egypt ndi ntchito ikuchitika, ndithudi. United States ndi ntchito yomwe sinayambe.
