Asitikali ankhondo aku Britain ali ndi maukonde ochulukirapo kuposa omwe adaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo. Kafukufuku watsopano wa Declassified akuwonetsa kukula kwa gulu lankhondo lapadziko lonse lapansi kwa nthawi yoyamba - pomwe boma likulengeza ndalama zowonjezera 10% pachitetezo.
ndi Phil Miller, Declassified UK, October 7, 2021
- Asitikali aku UK ali ndi malo oyambira m'maiko asanu ozungulira China: malo apanyanja ku Singapore, magulu ankhondo ku Brunei, malo oyesera ma drone ku Australia, malo atatu ku Nepal ndi gulu lankhondo lachangu ku Afghanistan.
- Ku Cyprus kumakhala ndi zida zankhondo 17 zaku UK kuphatikiza malo owombera ndi akazitape, pomwe ena amakhala kunja kwa "malo odziyimira pawokha" ku UK.
- Britain imasungabe gulu lankhondo m'mafumu asanu ndi awiri achiarabu momwe nzika zilibe zonena pang'ono kapena zilibe zonena za momwe amalamuliridwa
- Ogwira ntchito ku UK ali m'malo a 15 ku Saudi Arabia, akuthandizira kuponderezana kwamkati ndi nkhondo ku Yemen, ndi malo a 16 ku Oman, ena amayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi asilikali a British.
- Mu Africa, asilikali a Britain ali ku Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Nigeria ndi Mali.
- Maziko ambiri aku UK akunja ali m'malo amisonkho monga Bermuda ndi Cayman Islands
Asitikali aku Britain ali ndi kupezeka kosatha pamasamba 145 m'maiko 42 kapena madera padziko lonse lapansi, kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Declassified UK wapeza.
Kukula kwa gulu lankhondo padziko lonse lapansi kuli kutali zazikulu kuposa kale kuganiza ndipo mwina zikutanthauza kuti UK ili ndi gulu lankhondo lachiwiri lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa United States.
Ndikoyamba kuti kukula kwenikweni kwa netiwekiyi kuwululidwe.
UK imagwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo za 17 ku Kupro komanso 15 ku Saudi Arabia ndi 16 ku Oman - maulamuliro onse opondereza omwe UK imagwirizana nawo kwambiri.
Malo oyambira aku UK akuphatikizanso 60 omwe amadziyendetsa okha kuwonjezera pa malo 85 oyendetsedwa ndi ogwirizana nawo komwe UK ili ndi kupezeka kwakukulu.
Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi zomwe General Mark Carleton-Smith, Chief of the General Staff ku Britain, posachedwapa anazitcha “lily pads” - masamba omwe UK amawapeza mosavuta ngati akufunika.
Zosazindikirika sichinaphatikizepo ziwerengero zomwe gulu laling'ono la UK lapereka ku mishoni zachitetezo cha mtendere za UN ku South Sudan kapena Cyprus buffer zone, kapena kudzipereka kwa ogwira ntchito kumalo olamulira a NATO ku Ulaya kapena ambiri mwa magulu ake apadera, omwe sakudziwika.
Zotsatirazi zimabwera patadutsa masiku a Prime Minister Boris Johnson analengeza ndalama zokwana £ 16 biliyoni zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa asilikali a UK pazaka zinayi zikubwerazi - kuwonjezeka kwa 10%.
Kulengeza kwa ndalama poyambilira kudapangidwa kuti kuphatikizidwe ndikuwunikanso njira zodzitchinjiriza, zomwe zidatsatiridwa ndi mlangizi wamkulu wakale wa Johnson Dominic Cummings.
Zotsatira za "kuwunika kophatikizana kwachitetezo" kwa Whitehall tsopano sizikuyembekezeka mpaka chaka chamawa. Zizindikiro zimasonyeza review adzapangira njira yachikhalidwe yaku Britain yomanga zida zankhondo zakunja.
Mwezi watha, Mlembi wakale wa Defense Michael Fallon adati UK ikufunika zambiri Osatha kupezeka m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific. Secretary of Defense pano a Ben Wallace apita patsogolo. Mu Seputembala adalengeza za ndalama zokwana £23.8-million kuti akulitse magulu ankhondo aku Britain ndi asitikali apamadzi Oman, kuti pakhale zonyamulira ndege zatsopano za Royal Navy komanso akasinja ambiri.
General Carleton-Smith posachedwa anati: "Tikuganiza kuti pali msika wopezekapo mosalekeza kuchokera ku Gulu Lankhondo Laku Britain (ku Asia)."
Mkulu wake, Chief of the Defense Staff General Sir Nick Carter, adalankhula momveka bwino pomwe adalankhula anati tsogolo la asitikali "lidzakhala lopangidwa ndi kutumizidwa patsogolo."
KUZINDIKIRA CHINA?
Kukula kwa China kukupangitsa okonza mapulani ambiri a Whitehall kukhulupirira kuti Britain ikufunika magulu ankhondo ku Asia-Pacific kuti athane ndi mphamvu za Beijing. Komabe, UK ili kale ndi malo ankhondo m'maiko asanu ozungulira China.
Izi zikuphatikiza malo opangira zida zapamadzi ku Sembawang Wharf in Singapore, kumene asilikali asanu ndi atatu a ku Britain ali okhazikika. Mtsinjewu umapatsa dziko la Britain udindo wolamulira woyang'anizana ndi Malacca Strait, misewu yotanganidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ili malo otsekereza zombo zochoka ku South China Sea kupita ku Indian Ocean.
Unduna wa Zachitetezo (MOD) udauza kale Declassified kuti: "Singapore ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pazamalonda ndi malonda." Apolisi apamwamba kwambiri ku Singapore amalembedwa ndi asitikali aku Britain ndikulamulidwa ndi asitikali ankhondo aku UK.
Komanso kukhala ndi malo apanyanja pamphepete mwa Nyanja ya South China, gulu lankhondo la Britain lili ndi malo apakati kwambiri. Brunei, pafupi ndi zilumba zotsutsana za Spratly.
Sultan waku Brunei, wolamulira wankhanza yemwe posachedwapa adapereka lingaliro lachiwonetsero chilango cha imfa kwa ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, dziko kuthandizira asitikali aku Britain kuti akhalebe ndi mphamvu. Amalolanso chimphona chamafuta aku Britain Nkhono kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu m'minda yamafuta ndi gasi ku Brunei.
David Cameron asayina mgwirizano wankhondo ndi Sultan waku Brunei ku Checkers mu 2015 (Chithunzi: Arron Hoare / 10 Downing Street)
UK ili ndi asilikali atatu ku Brunei, ku Sittang Camp, Medicina Lines ndi Tuker Lines, komwe kuli pafupi. theka Asitikali aku Britain aku Gurkha ali okhazikika.
Zosazindikirika owona bwanji kuti mu 1980, asitikali aku Britain ku Brunei adakhazikika "pamtunda woperekedwa ndi Shell komanso pakati pa likulu lawo".
Malo ogona apadera a asitikali aku Britain amaperekedwa kudzera pa intaneti ya zipinda za 545 ndi bungalows ku Kuala Belait, pafupi ndi malo ankhondo.
Kumalo ena ku Brunei, asitikali 27 aku Britain akubwereketsa kwa Sultan m'malo atatu, kuphatikiza malo ankhondo a Muara. Maudindo awo akuphatikizapo kusanthula zithunzi ndi malangizo a sniper.
Declassified wapeza kuti UK ilinso ndi anthu pafupifupi 60 omwe adafalikira Australia. Ena 25 mwa awa ali ndi maudindo oteteza chitetezo ku British High Commission ku Canberra komanso ku Australia Defence Department pafupi ndi likulu, monga Headquarters Joint Operations Command ku Bungendore.
Zotsalazo zikusinthana ndi magulu 18 ankhondo aku Australia, kuphatikiza warrant officer ku Australia's Electronic Warfare Unit ku Australia. Kambala, Queensland.
Akuluakulu anayi a Royal Air Force (RAF) amakhala pabwalo la ndege la Williamtown ku New South Wales, komwe ali learning kuwuluka Wedgetail ndege ya radar.
MOD yaku Britain nayonso kuyezetsa ake apamwamba okwera Zephyr anaziika drone pa Airbus Malo okhala ku Wyndham ku Western Australia. Declassified amamvetsetsa kuchokera ku kuyankha kwachidziwitso kuti ogwira ntchito ku MOD amayendera malo oyeserera koma osakhazikika pamenepo.
Mamembala awiri a UK Strategic Command, omwe amayang'anira ntchito zankhondo zaku Britain kudutsa mautumikiwa, ndipo m'modzi wochokera ku Defense Equipment and Support adayendera Wyndham mu Seputembala 2019.
Zephyr, yomwe idapangidwa kuti iwuluke mumlengalenga ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira dziko la China, yagwa. kawiri poyesedwa kuchokera ku Wyndham. Drone ina yokwera kwambiri, PHASA-35, ikuyesedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku bungwe loyendetsa zida. BAE KA ndi Laboratory ya Defense Science and Technology Laboratory yankhondo yaku UK ku Woomera, South Australia.
Airbus imagwiranso ntchito poyambira Zithunzi za Skynet 5A satellite yolumikizirana zankhondo m'malo mwa MOD ku Mawson Lakes ku Adelaide. Mkulu wankhondo wapamadzi waku Britain amakhala mumzinda wamphepete mwa nyanja, malinga ndi kuyankha kwachidziwitso.
Asilikali enanso 10 aku Britain ali m'malo osadziwika bwino New Zealand. Zambiri zanyumba yamalamulo kuchokera ku 2014 zidawonetsa maudindo awo kuphatikiza kugwira ntchito ngati oyendetsa panyanja ya P-3K Orion, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira panyanja.
Pakadali pano mu Nepal, ku mbali ya kumadzulo kwa China kufupi ndi Tibet, gulu lankhondo la Britain lili ndi malo osachepera atatu. Izi zikuphatikiza misasa yolembera anthu ku Gurkha ku Pokhara ndi Dharan, komanso malo oyang'anira likulu la Kathmandu.
Dziko la Britain likugwiritsabe ntchito anyamata a ku Nepal monga asilikali ngakhale kuti boma la Maoist layamba kulamulira ku Kathmandu.
In Afghanistan, pomwe zokambirana zamtendere zikuyenda tsopano pakati pa boma ndi a Taliban, asitikali aku UK akhala nthawi yayitali yosungidwa Thandizo lofulumira ku Hamid Karzai International Airport ku Kabul, komanso kupereka uphungu ku Zachichepere Sukulu ya Nthambi ndi Afghan National Army Officers 'Academy. Omaliza, omwe amadziwika kuti 'Sandhurst mumchenga', idamangidwa ndi ndalama zokwana £75 miliyoni za ku Britain.
Pafupifupi ogwira ntchito 10 amakhala ku Pakistan, komwe maudindo akuphatikiza oyendetsa ndege ku Air Force Academy ku Risalpur.
ULAYA NDI RUSSIA
Kuphatikiza pa nkhawa za China, akuluakulu ankhondo amakhulupirira kuti Britain tsopano yatsekeredwa mumpikisano wokhazikika ndi Russia. UK ili ndi asilikali m'mayiko osachepera asanu ndi limodzi a ku Ulaya, komanso ku malo olamulira a NATO, omwe Declassified sanaphatikizepo mu kafukufuku wathu.
Britain ikupitiliza kuyendetsa malo anayi oyambira Germany nyumba imeneyo 540 ogwira ntchito, ngakhale adayendetsa zaka 10 zotchedwa "Operation Owl" kuti achepetse netiweki yake yanthawi ya Cold War.
Nyumba ziwiri zatsala ku Sennelager, kumpoto kwa Germany, ndi malo osungiramo magalimoto ambiri ku Mönchengladbach komanso malo osungiramo zida zankhondo ku Wulfen pamalo omwe adamangidwa ndi akapolo. A Nazi.
In Norway, asilikali a ku Britain ali ndi malo a helikopita omwe amatchedwa "Clockwork" pabwalo la ndege la Bardufoss, mkati mwa Arctic Circle. Maziko ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapiri ndipo amakhala pamtunda wa makilomita 350 kuchokera ku likulu la zombo za kumpoto kwa Russia ku Severomorsk pafupi ndi Murmansk.
Chiyambireni kugwa kwa USSR, Britain yakulitsa kupezeka kwake kwankhondo kukhala mayiko omwe kale anali Soviet bloc. Asitikali makumi awiri aku UK akubwereketsa ku Czech Military Academy mu Vyškov.
Pafupi ndi malire a Russia, RAF imakhazikitsa ndege zamtundu wa Typhoon ku Estonia yellow Air Base ndi Ku Lithuania Siauliai Air Base, komwe angadutse ndege zaku Russia pa Baltic ngati gawo la ntchito ya NATO ya "air polisi".
Kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean, Declassified yapeza kuti pali zida zankhondo 17 zaku UK Cyprus, omwe akatswiri amawawerengera kuti ndi gawo limodzi la Britain kunja kwa nyanja lomwe lili ndi "malo odziyimira pawokha" a Akrotiri ndi Dhekelia, okhala ndi 2,290 Ogwira ntchito ku Britain.
Masambawa, omwe adasungidwa paodzilamulira mu 1960, akuphatikizanso njanji, malo owombera, malo osungira mafuta, malo osungira mafuta ndi malo aukazitape omwe amayendetsedwa ndi bungwe la intelligence la UK - GCHQ.
Declassified yapezanso kuti malo angapo ali kupitilira madera odziyimira pawokha, kuphatikiza pamwamba pa Phiri la Olympus, malo okwera kwambiri ku Kupro.
Mapu omwe adapezedwa ndi Declassified amasonyeza kuti asilikali a UK angagwiritse ntchito malo akuluakulu kunja kwa Akrotiri omwe amadziwika kuti Lima ngati malo ophunzirira. Declassified kale kuwululidwa kuti ndege zankhondo zaku Britain zotsika pang'ono zapangitsa kufa kwa nyama zapafamu m'malo ophunzitsira a Lima.
Asilikali apadera aku Britain akugwira ntchito mu Syria amakhulupirira kuti ali kuperekedwanso ndi ndege yochokera ku Cyprus, komwe ndege zoyendera za RAF zitha kuwoneka pa intaneti zikunyamuka ma tracker awo asanatuluke ku Syria.
Zochepa zimadziwika za komwe kuli magulu ankhondo apadera aku UK ku Syria, kupatula a Funsani kuti amakhala ku Al-Tanf pafupi ndi malire a Iraq/Jordan ndi/kapena kumpoto pafupi ndi Manbij.
KULIMBIKITSA ANTHU A GULF
Maulendo a ndege a RAF ochokera ku Cyprus nawonso nthawi zambiri amafika muulamuliro wankhanza wa Gulf United Arab Emirates ndi Qatar, kumene UK ili ndi maziko okhazikika ku Al Minhad ndi Al Udeid air fields, yomwe imayendetsedwa mozungulira 80 ogwira ntchito.
Maziko awa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka asitikali ku Afghanistan komanso pochita zankhondo ku Iraq, Syria ndi Libya.
Qatar ili ndi gulu lophatikizana la Typhoon squadron ndi RAF yochokera ku RAF Coningsby ku Lincolnshire komwe kuli ndalama theka ndi Gulf emirate. Mtumiki wa chitetezo a James Heappey watero anakana kuti auze Nyumba yamalamulo kuchuluka kwa asitikali aku Qatari omwe ali ku Coningsby mkati mwa mapulani otero kukuza m'munsi.
Chotsutsana kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa magulu ankhondo aku Britain ku Saudi Arabia. Declassified apeza kuti ogwira ntchito ku UK adayikidwa pamasamba 15 ofunika kwambiri ku Saudi Arabia. Mu likulu la Riyadh, asitikali ankhondo aku Britain afalikira madera opitilira theka la khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikiza malo ochitira ndege. kumene Akuluakulu a RAF amayang'ana ntchito za ndege zotsogozedwa ndi Saudi ku Yemen.
Motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Saudi Armed Forces Project (MODSAP), BAE Systems yapereka magawo 73 ogona kwa asitikali aku UK pamalo ake a Salwa Garden Village ku Riyadh.
Ogwira ntchito za RAF, ena mwa iwo omwe atumizidwa ku BAE Systems, amagwiranso ntchito ku bwalo la ndege la King Fahad ku Taif, lomwe limatumiza ndege zamtundu wa Typhoon, ndege ya King Khalid ku Khamis Mushayt kufupi ndi malire a Yemen komanso ku King Faisal air. ku Tabuk komwe oyendetsa ndege a Hawk jet amaphunzitsa.
Pali mapangano osiyana ku Britain kuti athandizire "gulu lapadera lachitetezo” ya Saudi Arabia National Guard (SANG), gulu lomwe limateteza banja lolamulira ndikulimbikitsa "chitetezo chamkati".
Asitikali aku Britain akukhulupirira kuti ali ku Unduna wa a Guard ku Riyadh komanso ku Signals School (SANGCOM) ku Khashm al-An kunja kwa likulu, kuphatikiza ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pamalamulo a SANG kumadera akumadzulo ndi pakati. ku Jeda ndi Burayda.
Ena onse ogwira ntchito ku Britain ku Saudi Arabia ali m'chigawo chakum'mawa chomwe chili ndi mafuta ambiri, omwe Asilamu ambiri a Shia amasalidwa kwambiri ndi ufumu wolamulira wa Sunni.
Gulu la Royal Navy limaphunzitsa ku King Fahd Naval Academy ku Jubail, pomwe ogwira ntchito ku RAF amathandizira ndege za Tornado jet ku King Abdulaziz air base ku Dhahran.
Malo ogona a makontrakitala aku Britain ndi ogwira ntchito amaperekedwa ndi BAE pa cholinga cha kampani yomwe idamanga Sara ku Khobar, pafupi ndi Dhahran. Mkulu wa asitikali aku Britain amalangiza magulu ankhondo a SANG pamalo awo a Eastern Command ku Damman.
Zipolowe zitathetsedwa, Britain idakulitsa gulu lankhondo ku Bahrain ndikumanga malo apanyanja omwe adatsegulidwa mu 2018 ndi Prince Andrew, mnzake wa Mfumu Hamad.
Ogwira ntchito ku Britain kuchigawo chakum'mawa ali pafupi ndi King Fahd Causeway, mlatho waukulu womwe umalumikiza Saudi Arabia ndi chilumba choyandikana ndi Bahrain komwe Britain ili ndi malo ankhondo apanyanja komanso kukhalapo kochepa (kumtengo wa £ 270,000 pachaka) pafupi ndi bwalo la ndege padziko lonse lapansi. Muharaq.
Mu 2011, a SANG adayendetsa Zopangidwa ndi BAE magalimoto okhala ndi zida panjira yopondereza ziwonetsero zolimbikitsa demokalase zomwe a Shia ambiri aku Bahrain adatsutsa wolamulira wankhanza wa Sunni Mfumu Hamad.
Boma la Britain pambuyo pake avomerezedwa: "N'kutheka kuti mamembala ena a Saudi Arabia National Guard omwe anatumizidwa ku Bahrain angakhale atapanga maphunziro operekedwa ndi gulu lankhondo la Britain [ku SANG].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=gwpJXpKVFwE&feature=emb_title&ab_channel=RANEStratfor
Kuukirako kutatha, Britain idakulitsa kupezeka kwawo kwankhondo ku Bahrain ndikumanga malo apanyanja omwe adatsegulidwa mu 2018 ndi Prince Andrew, bwenzi la Mfumu Hamadi.
Dziko la Britain likukhalabe ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu m'mafumu asanu ndi awiri achiarabu pomwe nzika zilibe chonena pang'ono kapena zilibe zonena za momwe amalamuliridwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuzungulira 20 Asilikali aku Britain akuthandiza Mfumu yophunzitsidwa ndi Sandhurst Abdullah II wa Jordan.
Asilikali adzikolo atero analandira Ndalama zokwana £4 miliyoni kuchokera ku bungwe la Britain la Shadowy Conflict, Security and Stabilization Fund kuti akhazikitse gulu lankhondo mwachangu, ndi lieutenant colonel waku Britain yemwe adabwereketsa gululi.
Chaka chatha zidanenedwa kuti mlangizi wankhondo waku Britain kwa Mfumu ya Jordan, Brigadier Alex Macintosh, anali "athamangitsidwa” atayamba kutchuka kwambiri pazandale. Macintosh akuti adasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo Declassified adawona zolemba zankhondo zomwe zikuwonetsa Brigadier waku Britain yemwe amakhalabe ngongole ku Jordan.
Zolinga zofanana zilipo mu Kuwait,kuzungulira 40 Asilikali aku Britain aima. Amakhulupirira kuti amagwiritsa ntchito Reaper Drones kuchokera ku Ali Al Salem air base ndikuphunzitsa ku Kuwait's Mubarak Al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College.
Mpaka Ogasiti, mkulu wakale wa Royal Navy Andrew Loring anali m'gulu la antchito otsogola pakoleji, mogwirizana ndi a miyambo zopatsa antchito aku Britain maudindo apamwamba kwambiri.
Ngakhale pali ogwira ntchito ku Britain omwe akubwereketsa ku nthambi zonse zitatu zankhondo za Kuwait, MOD yakana kuuza Declassified gawo lomwe adachita pankhondo ku Yemen, komwe Kuwait ndi membala wa mgwirizano wotsogozedwa ndi Saudi.
Kukhalapo kwakukulu kwa asitikali aku Britain ku Gulf kumapezeka Oman, kumene 91 Asilikali aku UK ali ngongole kwa Sultan wopondereza wa dzikolo. Amayikidwa pamasamba 16, ena mwa iwo omwe amayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi asitikali aku Britain kapena mabungwe azidziwitso.
Izi zikuphatikiza maziko a Royal Navy ku Duqm, komwe kukuchitika katatu kukula kwake ngati gawo la ndalama zokwana £23.8 miliyoni lakonzedwa kuthandizira zonyamulira ndege zatsopano zaku Britain panthawi yotumizidwa kunyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi kupitilira apo.
Sizikudziwika kuti ndi angati ogwira ntchito ku Britain omwe azikhala ku Duqm.
Heappey ali adanena Nyumba yamalamulo: "Kuthekera kwa ogwira ntchito owonjezera kuti athandizire malowa ku Duqm akuwonedwa ngati gawo la Integrated Review of Security, Defense, Development and Foreign Policy."
Iye anawonjezera zimenezo 20 ogwira ntchito atumizidwa kwakanthawi ku Duqm ngati "UK Port Task Group" kuti athandizire pakukulitsa.
Chitukuko china chachikulu pamanetiweki aku Britain ku Oman ndi "malo ophunzitsira ophatikizana" omwe ali pamtunda wa 70km kumwera kwa Duqm ku Ras Madrakah, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito poyeserera kuwombera akasinja. Zikuwoneka kuti zikukonzekera kusamutsa akasinja ambiri aku Britain kuchokera komwe amawombera ku Canada kupita ku Ras Madrakah.
Ku Oman, ndi mlandu kunyoza Sultan, chifukwa chake kukana kwawo ku maziko atsopano aku Britain sikungafike patali.
Asitikali aku Britain ku Duqm atha kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi gulu lankhondo la US ku Diego Garcia Zilumba za Chagos, gawo la gawo la British Indian Ocean lomwe ndi la Mauritius malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Ena 40 Asitikali aku UK ali ku Diego Garcia.
Britain yakana kubwezera zilumbazi ku Mauritius, motsutsana ndi chigamulo chaposachedwa cha UN General Assembly, atachotsa mokakamiza anthu amtunduwu mzaka za m'ma 1970.
In Iraq, demokalase yokhayo m'dziko lachiarabu lomwe munali asilikali a Britain chaka chino, anthu a ndale atenga njira yosiyana.
Mu Januware, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Iraq idavotera thamangitsa asilikali akunja, omwe akuphatikizapo otsalawo 400 Asitikali aku Britain, omwe, ngati atakhazikitsidwa, athetsa kupezeka kwawo pamalo anayi: Camp Havoc ku Anbar, Msasa Taji ndi Union III ku Baghdad ndi Erbil International Airport kumpoto.
Gulu lina lankhondo laku Britain ku Middle East likupezeka Israel ndi Palestine,kuzungulira 10 asilikali aima. Gululi lagawika pakati pa ofesi ya kazembe waku Britain ku Tel Aviv ndi ofesi ya wogwirizira zachitetezo ku United States yomwe ili mkangano, yomwe ili ku ofesi ya kazembe wa US ku Jerusalem.
Zachotsedwa posachedwa Anapeza kuti asitikali awiri aku Britain amathandizira gulu la US.
MALITARIZED TAX HAVENS
Chinanso cha mabungwe ankhondo aku Britain akunja ndikuti nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo amisonkho, pomwe Declassified amapeza malo asanu ndi limodzi otere. Pafupi ndi kwathu, izi zikuphatikizapo Jersey ku Channel Islands, yomwe ndi imodzi mwamalo khumi apamwamba kwambiri amisonkho padziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi Network Justice Justice.
Kudalira korona osati mwaukadaulo gawo la UK, likulu la Jersey, St Helier, ndi kwawo kwa gulu lankhondo. m'munsi kwa Royal Engineers 'Jersey Field Squadron.
Kumbali ina, Britain ikupitirizabe kulamulira Gibraltar, kum’mwera kwenikweni kwa Spain, pakati pawo. amafuna kuchokera ku Madrid kuti abweze gawo lomwe linalandidwa ndi Royal Marines mu 1704. Gibraltar ili ndi msonkho wa bungwe lotsika kwambiri. 10% ndi dziko lapansi Nthiti zamakampani otchova njuga.
Pafupifupi asitikali ankhondo aku Britain 670 ali m'malo anayi ku Gibraltar, kuphatikiza ndege ndi dockyard. Malo ogona akuphatikizapo Devil's Tower Camp ndi dziwe losambira loyendetsedwa ndi MOD.
Malo ena onse amisonkho aku Britain atha kupezeka kudutsa nyanja ya Atlantic. Bermuda, dera la Britain lomwe lili m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic, lili pa nambala yachiŵiri padziko lonse “zowononga kwambiri” malo amisonkho.
Ili ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ankhondo ku Warwick Camp, oyendetsedwa ndi mamembala a 350 Royal Bermuda Regiment chomwe ndi"ogwirizana kwa gulu lankhondo la Britain” ndi analamula ndi msilikali wa ku Britain.
Kukonzekera kofananako kulipo pa gawo la Britain la Montserrat ku Carribean, yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wamalo amisonkho. Chitetezo pachilumbachi chimaperekedwa ndi odzipereka a 40 aku Royal Montserrat Defense Force okhala ku Brades.
Mtundu uwu ukuwoneka kuti uli ndi malingaliro owuziridwa a ziwembu zofananira mu Cayman Islands ndi Turks ndi Caicos, madera awiri a British Carribean omwe ndi malo akuluakulu amisonkho.
Kuyambira 2019, pakhala kuyesetsa kukhazikitsa a Gulu la Cayman Islands, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulemba asilikali a 175 kumapeto kwa 2021. Maphunziro ambiri a apolisi achitika ku Sandhurst ku UK. Mapulani a Gulu la Turks ndi Caicos kuwoneka ngati osapita patsogolo kwambiri.
AMERIKA
Ngakhale makhazikitsidwe ankhondo awa ku Caribbean sangathe kukula mpaka kukula, kupezeka kwa UK ku Islands Falkland ku South Atlantic ndi yaikulu kwambiri komanso yokwera mtengo.
Zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Falklands ndi Argentina, UK imasunga malo asanu ndi limodzi pazilumbazi. Malo okhala ndi ndege ku RAF Pleasant ndicho chachikulu kwambiri, koma chimadalira doko la Mare Harbor ndi ma silo atatu oletsa ndege othana ndi ndege pa Mount Alice, Byron Heights ndi Mount Kent.
Kutalikirana kwawo kwadzetsa khalidwe lachipongwe.
Katswiri wakale wa RAF Rebecca Crookshank akuti adazunzidwa kuchitidwa chipongwe pamene ankagwira ntchito ngati mkazi yekhayo amene amalembedwa ku Mount Alice kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Oyendetsa ndege amaliseche adamulonjera atafika ndikumusisita maliseche awo mwamwambo wonyambitsa. Kenako anamumangirira chingwe pakama.
Izi akuti zidachitikira m'malo omwe MOD idakhalako £153 miliyoni mu 2017 kukhazikitsa Sky Saber air-defence system, yomwe yambiri imaperekedwa ndi kampani ya zida za Israeli, Rafael. Kusunthaku kunatsutsidwa panthawiyo, chifukwa cha mbiri ya Rafael yopereka mivi ku Argentina.
Kuphatikiza pa masambawa, palinso malo chitetezo msasa ku likulu la Stanley, pomwe zombo za Royal Navy zimayendera mosalekeza kumtunda.
Chotsatira chake ndi kukhalapo kwankhondo pakati pawo 70 ndi 100 MOD ogwira ntchito, ngakhale zilumba za Falkland Government chiŵerengerocho chimakwera kwambiri: asilikali 1,200 ndi makontrakitala 400 a anthu wamba.
Palibe mwa izi chomwe chimatsika mtengo. Kuyika asilikali ndi mabanja awo kunja kumafuna nyumba, masukulu, zipatala ndi ntchito ya uinjiniya, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi bungwe la boma la Defense Infrastructure Organisation (DIO).
DIO ili ndi ndondomeko ya zaka 10 yogulitsa ndalama ku Falklands yoperekedwa pa £ 180-million. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a zimenezi agwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuteteza asilikali. Mu 2016, £55.7 miliyoni Anapita ku nyumba yowotchera ndi malo opangira magetsi ku likulu lankhondo la Mount Pleasant.
Mu 2018, Mare Harbor idakulitsidwa pa a mtengo ya £19-million, makamaka kuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya ndi zinthu zina zitha kufikira asitikali mosavuta. Kuyeretsa, kuphika, kukhuthula nkhokwe ndi ntchito zina zoyang'anira zimawononga ndalama zina zokwana £5.4 miliyoni pachaka, zomwe zimalipidwa kukampani yogulitsa kunja. Sodexo.
Ndalama izi zalungamitsidwa ndi boma ngakhale kuti zaka khumi zakuchulukirachulukira ku UK, zomwe zidawona msilikali wazaka 59 David Clapson. ndi mu 2014 pambuyo poti ndalama zake zofunafuna ntchito zidayimitsidwa. Clapson anali ndi matenda a shuga ndipo amadalira insulin yokhazikika. Anatsala ndi £3.44 mu akaunti yake yakubanki ndipo magetsi ndi chakudya anali atatha.
The Falklands imagwiranso ntchito ngati ulalo ku Gawo Laku Antarctic la Britain, dera lalikulu lomwe lasungidwa kuti afufuze zasayansi. Malo ake ofufuzira pa tembenuzani amadalira thandizo lazachuma kuchokera ku asitikali aku UK ndipo amaperekedwanso ndi Mtetezi wa HMS, sitima yapamadzi yoyendera ayezi ku Royal Navy yokhala ndi pafupifupi 65 Antchito nthawi zambiri amakwera.
Kukhalabe ndi 'kupita patsogolo' kotereku ku Antarctica ndi Falklands ndizotheka chifukwa cha gawo lina lamtengo wapatali la Britain ku South Atlantic, Ascension Island, yomwe msewu wake ukudutsa. Wideawake Airfield imakhala ngati mlatho wamlengalenga pakati pa Mount Pleasant ndi RAF Brize Norton ku Oxfordshire.
Ascension posachedwa idakhudza nkhani ndi malingaliro a Ofesi Yachilendo kuti amange malo otsekera anthu ofunafuna chitetezo pachilumbachi, chomwe chili pamtunda wamakilomita 5,000 kuchokera ku UK. Kunena zoona, ndondomeko yoteroyo n’zosatheka.
Njira yokwerera ndege ikufunika zokwera mtengo kukonzanso, ndipo bungwe la kazitape lachinsinsi la Britain GCHQ lili ndi kupezeka kwakukulu kumeneko ku Cat Hill.
Ponseponse pakuwoneka kuti pali malo asanu ankhondo ndi anzeru aku UK pa Ascension, kuphatikiza malo ogona ku Travelers Hill komanso malo okwatirana ku Boti Awiri ndi George Town.
Gulu lankhondo laku US ndi National Security Agency limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ku UK pachilumbachi, ubale womwe umawonekera pachilumbachi United States kumene 730 Anthu a ku Britain akufalikira m’dziko lonselo.
Ambiri aiwo ali m'malo olamulira asitikali aku US mozungulira malo a Washington DC ndi NATO ku Norfolk, Virginia. RAF ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 90 ogwira ntchito ku Creech Air Force Base ku Nevada, komwe amawulukira ma drones a Reaper pazochitika zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi.
Mpaka posachedwa, panalinso oyendetsa ndege a RAF ndi Navy m'mabwalo ena a ndege ku US, komwe amaphunzira kuyendetsa ndege yatsopano ya F-35. Chiwembu ichi adawona 80 British Antchito kuchita maphunziro a nthawi yayitali pa Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) ku California.
Masamba ena omwe adachita nawo maphunziro a F-35 akuphatikizapo Eglin AFB ku Florida, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort ku South Carolina ndi Naval Air Station Mtsinje wa Patuxent ku Maryland. Pofika chaka cha 2020, ambiri mwa oyendetsa ndegewa adabwerera ku UK kuti akayesetse kuyendetsa ndege za F-35 kuchokera ku zonyamulira zatsopano za Royal Navy.
Kuphatikiza pa kutumizidwa uku, pali akuluakulu ankhondo aku Britain omwe akusinthana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana aku US. Mu Seputembala 2019, Major General waku Britain Gerald Strickland adagwira wamkulu udindo Kumalo ankhondo aku US ku Fort Hood, Texas, komwe anali kugwira ntchito ya Operation Inherent Resolve, ntchito yolimbana ndi Islamic State ku Middle East.
Pakhalanso anthu aku Britain omwe adayimilira mkati mwa Space Force yonyozedwa kwambiri ya Purezidenti Trump. Disembala watha, zidanenedwa kuti Wachiwiri kwa Director wa Combined Space Operations Center ku Vandenberg Air Force Base ku California anali "Kaputeni wa Gulu Darren Whiteley - ofisala wa Royal Air Force waku United Kingdom".
Imodzi mwa mabungwe ochepa aku Britain kunja kwa nyanja izo Amayang'ana Zowopsezedwa ndi kuwunika kwa chitetezo cha boma ndi malo ophunzitsira akasinja ku Suffield in Canada, pomwe antchito okhazikika a 400 amasamalira 1,000 magalimoto.
Ambiri mwa awa ndi Challenger 2 akasinja ndi Warrior Infantry Fighting Vehicles. Ndemanga ya Chitetezo ikuyembekezeka kulengeza a kuchepetsa kukula kwa asitikali aku Britain, zomwe zingachepetse kufunikira kwa maziko ku Canada.
Komabe, palibe chizindikiro choti maziko ena akulu aku Britain ku America, mu Belize, idzasinthidwa ndi ndemanga. Asitikali aku Britain amasunga gulu lankhondo laling'ono pabwalo la ndege lalikulu ku Belize pomwe amapeza malo 13 ophunzirira zankhondo za m'nkhalango.
Zachotsedwa posachedwa kuwululidwa zomwe asitikali aku Britain ali nazo chimodzi chachisanu ndi chimodzi dziko la Belize, kuphatikizapo nkhalango yotetezedwa, kuti achite maphunziro otere, omwe amaphatikizapo kuwombera matope, zida zankhondo ndi "kuwombera makina kuchokera ku helikoputala". Dziko la Belize ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, kumene kuli “zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutha” komanso malo amene anthu ofukula zinthu zakale sapezeka.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ku Belize zimayendetsedwa ndi Briteni Army Training Unit Belize (BATSUB), yomwe ili ku Price Barracks pafupi ndi Belize City. Mu 2018, MOD idawononga ndalama zokwana £575,000 pa malo atsopano opangira madzi m'nyumba.
AFRICA
Dera lina lomwe gulu lankhondo la Britain likusungabe malo ankhondo ndi Africa. M’zaka za m’ma 1950, asilikali a ku Britain anapondereza asilikali odana ndi atsamunda ku Kenya pogwiritsa ntchito ndende zozunzirako anthu kumene akaidi ankazunzidwa komanso ngakhale kuzunzidwa. othedwa.
Pambuyo pa ufulu wodzilamulira, gulu lankhondo la Britain lidatha kusunga malo awo ku Nyati Camp ku Nanyuki, Laikipia County. Mzindawu umadziwika kuti BATUK, ndipo ndi kumene kuli asilikali ambirimbiri a ku Britain ku Kenya.
Britain ili ndi mwayi wopeza masamba ena asanu ku Kenya ndi 13 malo ophunzitsira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera asitikali asanatumize ku Afghanistan ndi kwina. Mu 2002, MOD idalipira $ 4.5-million in chipukuta kwa mazana a anthu a ku Kenya omwe anavulazidwa ndi zida zosaphulika zomwe asilikali a Britain anawombera pa malo ophunzirirawa.
Kuchokera ku Nyati, asitikali aku Britain amagwiritsanso ntchito pafupi Laikipia airbase, ndi malo ophunzirira Woponya Mivi ku Laresoro ndi Mukogodo ku Dol-Dol. Ku likulu la Nairobi, asitikali aku Britain ali ndi mwayi Kifaru Camp ku Kahawa Barracks ndi International Peace Support Training Center ku Karen.
Pangano lomwe linasainidwa mu 2016 linanena kuti: “Asilikali Oyendera Ayenera kulemekeza ndi kusamala miyambo, miyambo ndi zikhalidwe za anthu akumalo kumene atumizidwa ku Dziko Lokhalamo.”
Asilikali aku Britain amadziwikanso kuti ntchito ochita zachiwerewere.
Amnesty International yati anthu wamba 10,000 amwalira m'ndende zosungidwa ndi asitikali aku Nigeria, imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidathandizidwa ndi UK.
Pakhala pali zoyesayesa zoukira asitikali aku Britain ku Kenya. Mu January, amuna atatu anali anamangidwa chifukwa chofuna kuthyola ku Laikipia ndipo adafunsidwa ndi apolisi odana ndi uchigawenga.
Amakhulupirira kuti ndi ogwirizana ndi gulu la Al-Shabaab lomwe lili pafupi Somalia, kumene asilikali a Britain alinso ndi kukhalapo kosatha. Magulu ophunzitsira asitikali ali pabwalo la ndege la Mogadishu International Airport, ndi gulu lina Baidoa Security Training Center.
Gulu lankhondo laku Britain laling'ono litha kupezeka ku Camp Lemonnier ku Djibouti, komwe magulu ankhondo aku UK akutenga nawo gawo drone ntchito pa Horn of Africa ndi Yemen. Malo obisika awa amalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe othamanga kwambiri a fiber Chingwe ku ku Croughton kazitape ku England, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi likulu la GCHQ ku Cheltenham. Djibouti idalumikizidwanso ndi ntchito zankhondo zapadera zaku UK ku Yemen.
Kupezeka kwa Britain moonekeratu kukupitilira ku Malawi, komwe asitikali aku Britain amatumizidwa ku Liwonde National Park ndi Nkhotakota ndi Majete Wildlife Reserves.
Mu 2019, msirikali wazaka 22, Mathew Talbot, anapondedwa ndi njovu ku Liwonde. Panalibe thandizo la helikoputala pa standby kuti anyamule asilikali ovulala ndipo zinatenga maola atatu kuti wachipatala afike kwa iye. Talbot anamwalira asanafike kuchipatala. Kafukufuku wa MOD adapanga malingaliro 30 kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo pambuyo pa zomwe zidachitika.
Panthawiyi kumadzulo kwa Africa, mkulu wina wa ku Britain akadali amathamanga ndi Horton Academy, malo ophunzitsira zankhondo, mu Sierra Leone, choloŵa cha kuloŵerera kwa Britain m’nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni m’dzikolo.
In Nigeria, pafupifupi asitikali asanu ndi anayi aku Britain akubwereketsa gulu lankhondo laku Nigeria, pakati pa mbiri yake yotsutsana yaufulu wa anthu. Asitikali aku Britain akuwoneka kuti amapeza nthawi zonse Kaduna International Airport komwe amaphunzitsa asitikali akumaloko kuti ateteze ku chiwopsezo cha Boko Haram.
Amnesty International ikunena kuti 10,000 Anthu wamba amwalira m'ndende zoyendetsedwa ndi asitikali aku Nigeria, imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidathandizidwa ndi UK.
Asitikali aku Britain ku Africa akuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri kumapeto kwa chaka chino potumiza gulu lankhondo la "kusunga mtendere" mali ku Sahara. Dzikoli lagwedezeka ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni komanso uchigawenga kuyambira pomwe NATO idalowererapo ku Libya mu 2011.
Asitikali aku UK agwira ntchito ndi asitikali aku France ku Mali motsogozedwa ndi Operation Newcombe pafupifupi mosalekeza kuyambira pomwe Libya idalowererapo. Nkhondo yomwe ilipo pano ikuphatikiza ma helikoputala a RAF Chinook omwe amakhala ku Gao akuwuluka maulendo a 'logistical' kupita kumalo akutali oyendetsedwa ndi asitikali aku France omwe atayika kwambiri. SAS nayonso inanena kugwira ntchito m'derali.
Tsogolo la ntchitoyo lakhala lili pachiwopsezo kuyambira pomwe asitikali aku Mali adachita kulanda boma mu Ogasiti 2020, kutsatira ziwonetsero zazikulu zotsutsana ndi kupezeka kwa asitikali akunja mdzikolo komanso kukhumudwa kwazaka zambiri pakuthana ndi zomwe boma likuchita.
Chidziwitso panjira yathu: Tatanthauzira "kunja kwa dziko" ngati kunja kwa United Kingdom. Maziko ayenera kukhala ndi kukhalapo kwanthawi zonse kapena kwanthawi yayitali ku Britain mu 2020 kuti awerengedwe. Tidaphatikizanso maziko omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mayiko ena, koma kokha komwe UK imatha kupezeka nthawi zonse kapena kupezeka kwakukulu. Tidangowerengera maziko a NATO pomwe UK ili ndi nkhondo yayikulu mwachitsanzo ndi ma jets a Typhoon omwe atumizidwa, osati maofesala omwe amangoyimilira mobwerezabwereza.
