Research Project for Peacemakers

“Mwachibadwa anthu wamba safuna nkhondo; osati ku Russia, kapena ku England, kapena ku America, kapena ku Germany. Izo zimamveka. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, ndi atsogoleri a dziko omwe amasankha ndondomeko, ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zosavuta kukokera anthu, kaya ndi demokalase, kapena ulamuliro wankhanza wa fascist, kapena nyumba yamalamulo, kapena ulamuliro wankhanza wa chikomyunizimu. Mawu kapena mawu, anthu nthawi zonse akhoza kubweretsedwa ku zofuna za atsogoleri. Zimenezo nzosavuta. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuwauza kuti akuwukiridwa, ndikudzudzula omenyera nkhondo chifukwa chopanda kukonda dziko lawo ndikuyika dziko pachiwopsezo. Zimagwira ntchito mofanana m’dziko lililonse.”—Hermann Kupita

"M'mbiri yakale, imafika nthawi yomwe umunthu umaitanidwa kuti usinthe kupita ku chidziwitso chatsopano, kuti ufike pamakhalidwe apamwamba. Nthawi yomwe tiyenera kuchotsa mantha athu ndikupatsana chiyembekezo. ” - Kuchokera ku Phunziro la Nobel la Wangari Maathai, loperekedwa ku Oslo, 10 December 2004.

Olemera akamamenya nkhondo, osauka ndi amene amafa. - Jean-Paul Sartre

Malingana ngati nkhondo ikuonedwa kuti ndi yoipa, idzakhala ndi chisangalalo chake mpaka kalekale. Zikaonedwa ngati zotukwana, zidzasiya kutchuka. -  Oscar Wilde, Wotsutsa ngati Wojambula (1891)

Lingaliro lamtendere, lokhazikika komanso losaganizira zovulaza ena, ndi lamphamvu kuposa mphamvu ina iliyonse m'chilengedwe. - Wayne Dyer

Yakwana nthawi yothetsa zida za nyukiliya. Izi sizomwe zimagwiridwa ndi ma hippies omwe amasuta mphika. George P. Shultz, William J. Perry, Henry A. Kissinger ndi Sam Nunn anapereka pempho limeneli mu Wall Street Journal pa January 4, 2007. Kusaŵerengera molakwa kumodzi kudzatsogolera ku nkhondo ya nyukiliya, nyengo yachisanu ya nyukiliya ndi kutha kwa moyo padziko lapansi. - Ed O'Rourke

Kungakhale kupanda nzeru kuganiza kuti mavuto amene akusautsa anthu lerolino angathetsedwe ndi njira ndi njira zimene zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zooneka ngati zikugwira ntchito m’mbuyomo. - Mikhail Gorbachev

Zomwe timafunikira ndi Star Peace osati Star Wars. - Mikhail Gorbachev

Kufunkha, kupha, kuba, zinthu izi amazitcha ufumu; ndipo kumene apanga chipululu, amachitcha mtendere. -
Tacitus

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti pakhala palibe kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wowonetsa momwe gulu lankhondo lankhondo limakokera mbiri yakale: kutiuza kuti nkhondo ndi yaulemerero komanso yofunikira.

Progressives ayenera kuzindikira ntchito yodabwitsa yogulitsa yopangidwa ndi zabodza za boma kuti nkhondo ndiyofunikira komanso yaulemerero, ngati masewera a mpira. Masewera ankhondo ali ngati kukwera mapiri kapena kudumphira pansi panyanja, koopsa kwambiri kuposa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Monga m’masewero a mpira, timakhazikika kuti mbali yathu ipambane chifukwa kugonja kungabweretse mavuto aakulu. Mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, chigonjetso cha Axis Powers chikanabweretsa ukapolo kwa onse ndi kuwonongedwa kwa ambiri.

Ndili wachichepere (wobadwa mu 1944), ndinawona nkhondo kukhala chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri. N’zoona kuti munthu akhoza kuphedwa. M'mabuku azithunzithunzi, makanema ndi zolemba, sindinawone ovulala kapena ovulala omwe adataya miyendo. Asilikali akufa ankaoneka ngati akugona.

Hans Zinnser m'buku lake, Makoswe, nsabwe ndi Mbiri, akutchula kunyong’onyeka kwanthaŵi yamtendere monga chifukwa chochitira amuna kuchirikiza nkhondo. Iye anapereka chitsanzo chongopeka chosonyeza munthu amene anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 10 pa ntchito yogulitsa nsapato. Panalibe chimene ankayembekezera. Nkhondo ingatanthauze kusiya chizolowezi, ulendo ndi ulemerero. Asilikali akutsogolo alibe comradeship palibe kwina kulikonse m'moyo. Mukaphedwa, dzikolo lidzalemekeza banja lanu ndi zabwino zina.

Amene amapanga mafilimu, nyimbo ndi ndakatulo amachita ntchito yapamwamba yosonyeza nkhondo ngati mpikisano pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa. Izi zili ndi sewero lonse lomwe likuphatikizidwa muzochitika zamasewera. Ndimakumbukira nyengo ya 1991 ya a Houston Oilers akuwerenga chonga chotere Lamlungu lililonse m'mawa mu Houston Post:

Masewera a masanawa motsutsana ndi Jets adzakhala agalu. Kutsogolera kudzasintha kasanu. Gulu lopambana likhala lomwe lapeza zigoli komaliza, mwina mphindi yomaliza.

Wolemba zamasewera anali wolondola. Ndi masewero abwino kwambiri okhudza zolakwa ndi chitetezo kumbali zonse ziwiri, mafani amawona masewera oluma misomali. Mu mphindi zitatu zapitazi ndi masekondi 22 mu gawo lachinayi, Oilers ali pansi ndi asanu pawokha 23 yadi mzere. Panthawi imeneyi, cholinga chamunda sichingathandize. Munda wonse ndi magawo anayi pansi. Iwo ayenera kuguba pansi ndi kuguba iwo. Pokhala ndi nthawi pa wotchi, safunika kutaya chilichonse. Ndi masekondi asanu ndi awiri atsala pa wotchi, Oilers adutsa mzere wa zigoli ndikugunda komaliza kwamasewera.

Zofalitsa zabwino kwambiri zankhondo zomwe zidapangidwapo zinali 1952 NBC Series Victory at Sea. Olembawo adawunikanso filimu yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita 11,000, ndikukonza nyimbo zosangalatsa komanso nkhani zomwe zidapanga magawo 26 okhala ndi mphindi 26 chilichonse. Owunikira pawailesi yakanema adadabwa kuti ndani angafune kuwona zolemba zankhondo Lamlungu masana. Pofika sabata yachiwiri, adapeza yankho: pafupifupi aliyense.

Pa YouTube onani chomaliza cha gawoli, Beneath the Southern Cross, lomwe lidafotokoza zoyeserera bwino za asitikali aku America ndi Brazil kuti ateteze ma convoys ku South Atlantic. Iyi ndi nkhani yomaliza:

Ndipo ma convoy anadutsa,

Pokhala ndi chuma cha Southern Hemisphere,

Kukana kupereka msonkho koma wokonzeka kuwononga mamiliyoni ambiri kuti atetezedwe,

Malipabuliki a ku America achoka m’misewu ya m’nyanja ya South Atlantic mdani wawo wamba.

Kufalikira kudutsa nyanja

Kutetezedwa ndi mphamvu za mayiko omwe amatha kumenyana chifukwa aphunzira kukhalira limodzi.

Zombo zimathamangira ku cholinga chawo - Allied kupambana.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ku-uLV7Qups&feature=related

Progressives iyenera kupereka masomphenya amtendere kudzera mu nyimbo, ndakatulo, nkhani zazifupi, makanema ndi masewero. Perekani mipikisano ndi ndalama zamtengo wapatali komanso kuzindikiridwa kwambiri. Masomphenya omwe ndimawakonda kwambiri amachokera ku hit ya 1967, Crystal Blue Persuasion yolemba Tommy James ndi Shondells:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXz4gZQSfYQ

Maulendo a Snoppy monga woyendetsa ndege ndi Sopwith Camel yake amadziwika bwino. Popeza palibe zithunzi zosonyeza akufa kapena ovulala, anthu amawona nkhondo ngati ulendo, nthawi yopuma ku moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa humdrum. Ndikupempha ojambula zithunzi, wolemba televizioni ndi osuntha opanga kuti awonetsere peacenik, wogwira ntchito zachitukuko, anthu opanda pokhala, mphunzitsi, wogwira ntchito za mphamvu zina, wokonza malo oyandikana nawo, wansembe ndi wolimbikitsa chilengedwe.

Ndangokumana ndi tsamba limodzi lamtendere lomwe limafikira iwo omwe ali kunja kwa gululo ( http://www.abolishwar.org.uk/ ). Izi zikutanthauza kulemba ganyu makampani a Madison Avenue kuti avomereze. Kupatula apo, ndiabwino kukopa malingaliro kuti apangitse anthu kugula zinthu zomwe sangachite mosavuta. Kubwera ndi ma apilo kumakhala kovuta kwa iwo chifukwa izi zitha kutanthauza kuti anthu azigula zinthu zochepa kuchokera kwa makasitomala awo wamba.

Okhazikitsa mtendere ayenera kupereka zenizeni. Apo ayi, zigawenga zankhondo monga George W. Bush ndi Barack Obama zidzakambirana zamtendere mpaka ng'ombe zibwere kunyumba. Nazi zina mwachindunji:

1) kuchepetsa bajeti yankhondo yaku US ndi 90%,

2) kugulitsa zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi,
3) kuyambitsa kuyimitsa kafukufuku wa zida,
4) kuyambitsa pulogalamu yolimbana ndi umphawi padziko lonse lapansi,
5) phunzitsani asilikali athu kuti athandize pakagwa tsoka,
6) kukhazikitsa nduna ya nduna Dipatimenti Yamtendere,
7) kuchepetsa zida za nyukiliya mpaka ziro, ndi,
8) kukambirana kuti achotse zida zonse za nyukiliya zapadziko lonse lapansi pazidziwitso zoyambitsa tsitsi.

Dziwani kuti lingaliro lililonse litha kukhala chomata. Ndikupempha omwe akupita patsogolo kuti atengere maluso abwino olankhulirana omwe adawonetsa anzathu akumanja, omwe achita bwino ndi mawu osavuta. Anthu amatha kumvetsetsa nthawi yomweyo zomwe ofuna kulondola akufuna.

Musalakwitse. Anthu ayenera kuthetsa nkhondo kapena nkhondo idzathetsa ife ndi zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Ili si lingaliro chabe la hippies ndi Quakers. Onani pempho ili la General Douglas MacArthur pomwe amalankhula ku US Congress pa Epulo 19, 1951:

"Ndikudziwa nkhondo monga amuna ena ochepa omwe akukhalapo tsopano akudziwa, ndipo palibe chomwe chimandikhumudwitsa kwambiri. Ndakhala ndikulimbikitsa kuthetsedwa kwathunthu, chifukwa kuwononga kwake kwa abwenzi ndi adani kwapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda ntchito ngati njira yothetsera mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi…

Okonda zachilengedwe atha kukhala gulu lalikulu loyamba kuvomereza kuthetsa nkhondo ngakhale, mpaka pano, akhala osayanjanitsika ndi ndalama zankhondo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti amadzuka pazifukwa ziwiri: 1) nkhondo ya nyukiliya idzathetsa chitukuko chathu masana ndi 2) zomwe zimaperekedwa ku usilikali zimatanthauza nyenyeswa patebulo pa china chirichonse. Tonsefe timafuna mphamvu zoyeretsa komanso kuti tithe kusintha kutentha kwa dziko koma zoyesayesa zonsezi sizikutheka pokhapokha ngati asilikali akupita patsogolo.

Popeza Lloyd George ananena pa Msonkhano wa Mtendere wa ku Paris mu 1919 kuti kukhazikitsa mtendere kunali kovuta kwambiri kuposa kuyambitsa nkhondo, kuwongolera khalidweli sikudzakhala kophweka. Komabe, ziyenera kuchitidwa. Ndi kulimba mtima ndi masomphenya, anthu angatsatire Yesaya mwa kusandutsa malupanga kukhala zolimira kuti tipulumuke ifeyo ndi zamoyo zonse padziko lapansili.

Zothandiza pakufufuza:

Kurlansky, Mark (ndi kutsogolo ndi Chiyero Chake Dalai Lama. Kusachita Zachiwawa: Maphunziro makumi awiri ndi asanu kuchokera mu Mbiri ya Lingaliro Loopsa.

Regan, Geoffrey. Kutola Zakale: Kubweza Zakale kuchokera kwa Andale. Mutu wachi Spanish uli bwinoko: Guerras, Politicos ndi Mentiras: Como nos enganan manipulando el pasado y el presente (Nkhondo, Andale ndi Mabodza: ​​Momwe Amanyenga Poyendetsa Zakale ndi Zamakono).

Ed O'Rourke ndi wowerengera ndalama wopuma pantchito yemwe amakhala ku Medellin, Colombia. Panopa akulemba buku, Mtendere Wapadziko Lonse, Mapu a Njira: Mutha Kufika Kumeneko Kuchokera Pano.