Ndi David Swanson
Ndemanga pa Msonkhano wa Demokalase, Minneapolis, Minn., Ogasiti 4, 2017
Ndinafunsidwa kuti ndilankhule zotsutsa ogulitsa zida ndi opanga nkhondo ndikuyang'ana ku Saudi Arabia. Pali, ndikuganiza, njira zambiri zomwe munthu angachitire zimenezo. Ndikunena izi ngati wosakhala loya, ndi zokonda zopotoka zomwe maloya nthawi zambiri sagawana nawo.
Mwachitsanzo, ndikhulupilira kuti ngati pulezidenti wanena kuti lamuloli silikugwirizana ndi malamulo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasaina kuti likhale lamulo, sanachite zinthu zotsogola komanso zodekha, m'malo mwake watipatsa Chifukwa #82 kuti timutsutse. Izi ndi zomwe a Trump adangochita ndi mawu osaina pa bilu ya zilango. Mawu osayina, ngati simunamvepo, chinali chokwiyitsa pamene Bush the Lesser adachipanga ngati chida chodziwitsira cholinga chake chophwanya malamulo omwe adasaina. Pamene Obama adaphwanya malamulo oyendetsera dziko komanso malonjezo ake a kampeni pochita zomwezo ndikuwonjezera Silent Signing Statement momwe adakana kulengeza cholinga chake chaupandu nthawi iliyonse yomwe angadalire mawu omwe adasaina m'mbuyomu, chimenecho chinali cholakwika chothandizira anthu ndi katswiri wazamalamulo. amene ankafuna zabwino mu mtima mwake. Ndipo Trump akachita izi, zimatchedwa zachizolowezi komanso zachizolowezi chimodzimodzi New York Times mtolankhani yemwe adakwiya ndi Bush. Izi mwachidule ndi momwe kuphwanya lamulo, pamenepa lamulo lapamwamba kwambiri, limakhala kutanthauzira kovomerezeka kwa lamulo. Pomwe nthambi zonse za boma la US - Republican ndi Democratic - zavomereza kuti si mlandu, kapena monga Dick Nixon akananenera, ngati onse awiri achita ndiye kuti ndizovomerezeka.
Mwa njira yofananira, kuphwanya chizolowezi choletsa nkhondo ya UN Charter (komanso kuletsa kwamphamvu kwa nkhondo kwa Kellogg-Briand Pact) kwapangidwa kukhala kukakamiza kwalamulo kwa UN Charter's Responsibility to Protect. Mfundo yoti palibe Charter ya UN kapena lamulo lina lililonse lolembedwa lomwe silinatchulepo Udindo Woteteza siziyenera kukulepheretsani kutsata malamulo adziko - osatero ngati munapita kusukulu ya zamalamulo ndikukhala ndi ntchito yopambana m'maganizo. Sikuti nkhondo ndi yovomerezeka m'malingaliro a maloya ambiri, koma chilichonse chomwe chili mbali yankhondo ndi chovomerezeka. Uku ndiye kuphwanya kwa mlandu womwe a Nazi adakumana nawo ku Nuremberg, womwe udanena kuti kuphwanya Pangano la Kellogg-Briand kunapangitsa kuti chigawenga chikhale mbali iliyonse ya - nkhanza zilizonse kapena kuchita nawo nkhondo. Masiku ano tili ndi maloya ngati Rosa Brooks akuchitira umboni pamaso pa Congress kuti kupha anthu ndikupha ngati si gawo lankhondo komanso kuli bwino ngati gawo lankhondo - ndi funso ngati ali mbali yankhondo yosadziwika chifukwa Purezidenti amatsimikiza izi mwachinsinsi. .
Ku Yemen, m'malingaliro anga osazindikira omwe amawona malamulo olembedwa monga, mukudziwa, malamulo, Saudi Arabia ikuphwanya UN Charter ndi Kellogg Briand Pact. Momwemonso asitikali aku US akuthandizana nawo pakuwononga dziko la Yemen, lomwe lakhala lofunikira kwambiri ndipo laphatikiza asitikali omwe ali pansi kuphatikiza omwe avomerezedwa lero monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Washington Post. Koma ngati kulengedwa kwa njala kapena kufalikira kwa matenda kuli mlandu, ndiye kuti Saudi Arabia ndi United States zikanakhalanso ndi mlandu womwewo. Tsoka lalikululi, lomwe mwina lingakhale lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndizosakayikira makamaka kulengedwa kwa nkhondoyi komanso zomwe zimatchedwa kuti nkhondo yopambana ya Obama ku Yemen yomwe idatithandiza kutifikitsa kuno - nkhondo yomwe idaphwanyanso malamulo omwewo. Pamwamba pa kuphwanya kwakukulu kumeneku komwe kunamveka ku Nuremberg ngati lamulo lalikulu la mayiko onse, pamene asilikali a US akugwira ntchito ndi Saudi Arabia amaphwanyanso lamulo la US lotchedwa Leahy Law, lomwe limafuna kuti asilikali a US azingothandizira kupha anthu ambiri ndi mayiko omwe amapha anthu ambiri. osaphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Pokhala loya, sindingathe kukufotokozerani momwe mungaphane anthu ambiri omwe amalemekeza ufulu wa anthu. Koma ndikutha kunena momwe Saudi Arabia, ngakhale ali ndi udindo wa utsogoleri ku UN Human Rights Council, ndi mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pakuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe.
A Donald Trump adaganiza zosiya kunyamula zida zankhondo ku US kwa zigawenga ku Syria atawonera kanema wa gulu limodzi lothandizidwa ndi US likupha mwana. Kodi a Donald Trump sanawonepo makanema aliwonse a Saudi Arabia akudula mitu kapena kukwapula amuna, akazi kapena ana? Pachifukwa chimenecho, kodi amakhulupirira kuti mizinga yaku US imapha popanda kung'amba? Kodi pali lamulo penapake lomwe sindinamvepo za zilango zakupha zomwe zimasiya mutu wolumikizidwa ndi torso? Saudi Arabia yatsala pang'ono kupha anthu 14 chifukwa chochita ziwonetsero, kuphatikiza wophunzira wa University of Michigan yemwe adamangidwa pabwalo la ndege pomwe amayesa kuwuluka kupita ku United States.
Tsopano, pali chitetezo chovomerezeka chomwe sindinatchulepo cha kuphulitsa mabomba ku Yemen, kutsekereza Yemen, kufa ndi njala ku Yemenis masauzande ambiri, kufalitsa kolera ku Yemeni, komanso kuukira kolemekezeka kwa mnansi wosauka wa Saudi Arabia. Ndipo izi ndi izi: Wolamulira wankhanza wa Yemen yemwe wachotsedwa komanso kuthamangitsidwa wapempha dziko la Saudi Arabia ndi United States kuti liphulitse mabomba anthu omwe adalephera kulemekeza ulamuliro wake wankhanza. Pankhope yake izi zikuwoneka zomveka mokwanira. Kupatula apo, ngati a Donald Trump akanati amuyimbe mlandu ndikuchotsedwa paudindo wake, ndipo akakhala pachilumba china kwinakwake ndikuyitanitsa China kuti ipange zovala zake za gofu ndi ntchito yaukapolo, oh komanso kuphulitsa mizinda yosiyanasiyana yaku US. Onse akanazindikira kuvomerezeka kwa kachitidweko, sichoncho ife?
Izi zikufanana ndi chitetezo cha bomba la Russia ku Syria. Koma kodi lamulo lololeza lili kuti? Ndingawerenge kuti lamulo limenelo? Ndipo kodi zokayikitsa komanso zokokomeza zonena kuti nkhondo ya Saudi ku Yemen ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi Iran ikulimbikitsa mkanganowu? Milandu iwiri sipanga lamulo.
Koma kodi timapita bwanji pambuyo pogulitsa zida? Chilolezo chawo? Kapena ogulitsa zida? Papa anayesa kuuza mamembala a Congress kuti ali ndi magazi m'manja mwawo. Anamukomera mtima n’kuwonjezera malonda a zida. Momwe ndikudziwira, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito khothi lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Khothi Lalikulu Ladziko Lonse kuti titsatire opanga nkhondo, potero kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizana. Kenako tiyenera kuletsa kugulitsa zida ndikuyimba mlandu kuphwanya kulikonse kwa chiletsocho kupita patsogolo. Koma titha kupitiliza nthawi yomweyo ndi kampeni yapagulu kuti tichoke kwa ogulitsa zida ndikuchititsa manyazi ogulitsa zida ndi othandizira awo a DRM.
Makhothi apadziko lonse lapansi ali pansi pa chala chachikulu cha mamembala okhazikika a khonsolo yachitetezo, kutanthauza kuti tifunika kuwasintha, mwadongosolo kapena kudzera pazovuta za anthu, ndipo/kapena tifunika kunyengerera mayiko kuti aziimba mlandu pansi paulamuliro wapadziko lonse lapansi. Spain idayesa izi ndi ozunza aku US, ndipo US idatsika kwambiri ku Spain.
Malo amodzi omwe ICC imati ikuganiza zozenga mlandu munthu wosakhala waku Africa ndi milandu yaku US - osati milandu yankhondo, koma milandu yaying'ono - ku Afghanistan - yemwe ndi membala wa ICC, motero amapereka ulamuliro ngakhale United States si membala. . Izi ndi zolakwa za Bush ndi Obama, zosavomerezeka ku nthambi zonse za boma la US, koma nkhondo ya Afghanistan ikusiya kutchuka pakati pa omwe akudziwa kuti siinathe. Tsopano titha kufunsa anthu kuti: "Ngati simunathe kutsutsa nkhondo ya Obama ku Afghanistan kuti mupindule ndi anthu omwe adaphulitsidwa, kodi mungatsutse nkhondo ya Trump kuti ibe miyala yawo?" Kusuntha kwa ICC pakuyimba milandu yaku US ku Afghanistan kutha kukhala njira yomaliza yomwe tingafunikire kuthetsa zoopsa zomwe zachitika zaka 16. Ndipo zitha kukhala chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza ku Yemen - ngakhale sipanapite nthawi yopulumutsa miyoyo masauzande ambiri, pokhapokha titayamba ndikuthetsa mchitidwe wa oweruza milandu pofika ola limodzi.
Njira ina yomwe tingatenge ndikuthetsa ubale wa US-Saudi. Ife tiyenera kuti tizitha kuchita zimenezo. Kumbukirani kuti chifukwa china chovomerezeka cha nkhondo zonsezi ndi Chilolezo cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Gulu Lankhondo lomwe laperekedwa ndi Congress poyankha milandu ya 9/11, yomwe tikudziwa tsopano kuti idayendetsedwa ndi boma la Saudi. Tikudziwanso kuti Saudi Arabia yakhala ikulimbikitsa kwambiri zankhondo ndi uchigawenga kwa zaka zambiri, osatchulanso wopanga wamkulu wa kufa pang'onopang'ono ndi mafuta oyaka. Bernie Sanders adathamangira pulezidenti ponena kuti Saudi Arabia iyenera "kudetsa manja ake" ndikupereka ndalama zambiri zankhondo zomwe dziko lapansi limadalira, kuti United States ithetse ndalama zambiri. Lingaliro langa ndiloti manja a Saudi Arabia odetsedwa mokwanira ayenera kusungidwa m'matumba anga.
Njira imodzi yabodza yochitira izi ingakhale kuyambitsa kutsutsa ndikusankha anthu pazifukwa zovomerezeka osati Russophobia kapena kugonana mkamwa. Kapena, zenizeni, titha kuyesetsa kupeza maubwenzi aku Saudi ku Russia kapena kugonana ku White House. Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira yomalizayi ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe makolo athu oyambitsa ankafuna.
