Wolemba Peter van den Dungen, Magazini ya Peace Journalist, October 5, 2020
Kukhalapo kwa malo, maphunziro, misonkhano komanso zolemba, zolemba, ndi zofalitsa zina zoperekedwa ku utolankhani wamtendere zikanalandiridwa kwambiri ndi Alfred Hermann Fried (1864-1921). Akadazindikiradi kufunika kofulumira kwa utolankhani wamtunduwu masiku ano. Wa ku Austria anali mtolankhani woyamba kupatsidwa Mphotho Yamtendere ya Nobel (1911). Masiku ano, atolankhani ambiri akuzunzidwa chifukwa chofunafuna mtendere, choonadi, ndi chilungamo.
Wobadwira ku Vienna, Fried adayamba ngati wogulitsa mabuku komanso wosindikiza ku Berlin asanakhale membala wokangalika komanso wotsogola wagulu lamtendere lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe lidatuluka kutsatira kusindikizidwa kwa buku la Bertha von Suttner lodana ndi nkhondo, Lay Down Your Arms! (1889). M'zaka khumi zomaliza za zaka za m'ma 19, Fried adasindikiza mwezi uliwonse wamtendere wochepa koma wofunikira womwe von Suttner amakonza. Mu 1899 idasinthidwa ndi Die Friedens-Warte (The Peace Watch) yomwe Fried adayikonza mpaka imfa yake.
Tcheyamani wa Komiti ya Nobel ya ku Norway anaitcha kuti 'magazini yabwino koposa m'gulu la mtendere, yokhala ndi nkhani zotsogola bwino kwambiri ndi nkhani zamavuto amitundu yonse.' Pakati pa anthu odziwika bwino omwe adathandizira nawo panali akatswiri amaphunziro osiyanasiyana (makamaka akadaulo azamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi), omenyera ufulu, ndi ndale.
M'mabuku ake ambiri, Fried nthawi zonse amafotokoza ndikusanthula nkhani zandale zanthawiyo m'njira yomwe imayang'ana kufunikira ndi kuthekera kochepetsera malingaliro owopsa ndikuletsa mikangano yachiwawa (monga momwe adachitira von Suttner, mtolankhani woyamba wandale wamkazi ku Germany. chinenero). Iwo mosasinthasintha komanso mwachizolowezi amalimbikitsa njira yowunikira, yogwirizana komanso yomanga.
Fried anali mlembi waluso komanso waluso kwambiri yemwe anali wokangalika monga mtolankhani, mkonzi, komanso wolemba mabuku, otchuka komanso ophunzira, pankhani zokhudzana ndi mtendere, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Kudziwa kwake monga mtolankhani kukuwonetsedwa ndi voliyumu yomwe adasindikiza mu 1908 ndi zambiri za 1,000 za zolemba zake zamanyuzi zokhudzana ndi gulu lamtendere. Anadzipatula yekha ku utolankhani wanthawi zonse wamasiku ake - ndi kukulitsa mantha, chidani, ndi kukayikirana pakati pa mayiko - podzitcha yekha ngati mtolankhani wamtendere. 'Pansi pa Mbendera Yoyera!', buku lomwe adasindikiza ku Berlin mu 1901, linali ndi zolemba zake zingapo komanso zolemba zake ndipo linali ndi mutu wakuti 'Kuchokera pamafayilo a mtolankhani wamtendere' (Friedensjournalist).
M'nkhani yoyambira pa atolankhani ndi gulu lamtendere, adadzudzula momwe omalizawo adanyalanyazidwa kapena kunyozedwa. Koma kukula kwake kosalekeza ndi chisonkhezero chake, kuphatikizapo kuvomereza kwapang’onopang’ono ndondomeko ya gululo (makamaka kugwiritsira ntchito kukangana) ndi mayiko kuti athetse mikangano yawo, zinamupangitsa kukhulupirira kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa maganizo a anthu kunali pafupi. Zina zomwe zathandizira kusintha kwa mbiriyi ndikukula kwa zovuta komanso kuopsa kwa mtendere wa zida, komanso nkhondo zowononga ndalama komanso zowononga ku Cuba, South Africa ndi China. Fried anatsutsa molondola kuti nkhondo zinatheka, ndithudi zosapeŵeka, chifukwa cha chipwirikiti chomwe chinali ndi maubwenzi a mayiko. Mawu ake - 'Konzani Dziko!' - zinali zofunikira asanachotse zida (monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu 'Ikani Mikono Yanu Pansi!') ya Bertha von Suttner) zitha kukhala zotheka zenizeni.
Ngakhale kuti anathera nthaŵi yochuluka ndi nyonga zake akukonza magazini angapo a zamtendere, Fried anazindikira kuti anangofikira anthu ochepa chabe ndi kuti ‘kulalikira kwa otembenuka mtima’ kunali kosathandiza. Kampeni yeniyeni idayenera kuchitidwa kudzera m'manyuzipepala ambiri.
Kufunika kwa utolankhani wamtendere ndikokulirapo kuposa kale, komanso chifukwa zotsatira za mikangano yachiwawa ndi nkhondo ndizowopsa kwambiri kuposa zaka zana zapitazo. Kukonzekera ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa utolankhani wamtendere kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21 ndikoyenera kulandiridwa. Fried adayesaponso chimodzimodzi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 pamene adachitapo kanthu kuti apange bungwe la International Union of the Peace Press. Ngakhale adayesetsa kwambiri, idakhalabe yoyambika ndipo utolankhani wamtendere utatsitsimutsidwa pambuyo pa nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse lapansi, zoyesayesa zake zaupainiya zinali zitayiwalika.
Ngakhale kwawo ku Austria, Mpikisano wa Mtendere wa Nobel 'adaponderezedwa ndikuyiwalika' - mutu wa mbiri yakale ya Fried, yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 2006.
Peter van den Dungen anali mphunzitsi / woyendera maphunziro a mtendere pa yunivesite ya Bradford,
UK (1976-2015). Wolemba mbiri yamtendere, ndi wotsogolera wolemekezeka wa International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).
