Adilesi ya Hon. Douglas Roche, OC, kwa a Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and 
Kuchotsa zida, "Kukwera Phiri" Msonkhano, Washington, DC, February 26, 2014
Kungoyang’ana koyamba, kutha kwa zida za nyukiliya kukuoneka kukhala vuto lopanda chiyembekezo. Msonkhano Wokhudza Kuchotsa Zida ku Geneva wakhala wolumala kwa zaka zambiri. Pangano la Non-Proliferation Treaty lili pamavuto. Zida zazikulu za zida za nyukiliya zimakana kulowa m’makambitsirano athunthu a zida za nyukiliya ndipo zikunyanyala ngakhale misonkhano yapadziko lonse yolinganizidwa kuika maganizo a dziko lonse pa “zotulukapo zowopsa za chithandizo chaumunthu” za kugwiritsira ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Mayiko a zida za nyukiliya akupereka kumbuyo kwa manja awo ku dziko lonse lapansi. Osati mawonekedwe osangalatsa.
Koma yang'anani mozama pang'ono. Awiri mwa atatu mwa mayiko a padziko lapansi adavotera zokambirana kuti ziyambe kuletsa zida za nyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi. Masabata awiri apitawa, mayiko a 146 ndi anthu ambiri ophunzira ndi omenyera ufulu wa anthu adasonkhana ku Nayarit, Mexico kuti awone momwe thanzi, chuma, chilengedwe, chakudya ndi kayendedwe ka nyukiliya zikuyendera - mwangozi kapena mwadala. Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Wapadziko Lonse wa UN wokhudza zida za nyukiliya udzachitika mu 2018, ndipo Seputembara 26 chaka chilichonse kuyambira pano mpaka mtsogolo udzakhala tsiku la International Elemination of Nuclear Weapons.
Kuguba kwa mbiriyakale kukuyenda motsutsana ndi kukhala, osati kungogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya ndi dziko lililonse. Maboma a zida za nyukiliya akuyesa kuletsa ulendowu usanayambikenso mphamvu. Koma adzalephera. Akhoza kuyimitsa njira zowonongera zida za nyukiliya, koma sangafafanize kusintha kwa mbiri ya anthu yomwe ikuchitika tsopano.
Chifukwa chimene gulu la zida za nyukiliya liri lamphamvu kuposa momwe limawonekera pamwamba ndiloti limayambitsa kudzutsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chikumbumtima kukuchitika padziko lapansi. Kutsogoleredwa ndi sayansi ndi luso lamakono komanso kumvetsetsa kwatsopano kwa chikhalidwe cha ufulu waumunthu, kusakanikirana kwaumunthu kukuchitika. Sikuti timangodziwana pakati pa zomwe kale zinali zogawikana, komanso timadziwa kuti timafunikirana kuti tipulumuke. Pali chisamaliro chatsopano cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi chomwe chikuwonekera m'mapulogalamu monga Millennium Development Goals. Uku ndiko kudzutsidwa kwa chikumbumtima cha padziko lonse.
Izi zapangitsa kale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa anthu: kumvetsetsa komwe kukukulirakulira pagulu kuti nkhondo ndiyachabe. Zolinga ndi chilakolako cha nkhondo zikutha. Zimenezo zikanaoneka kukhala zosatheka m’zaka za zana la 20, osanenapo za m’ma 19. Kukana nkhondo pagulu ngati njira yothetsera mikangano - yomwe yawoneka posachedwa kwambiri pankhani ya kulowererapo kwankhondo ku Syria - ili ndi zotulukapo zazikulu za momwe anthu angachitire zinthu zake. Chiphunzitso cha Responsibility to Protect chikuwunikiridwa mwatsopano, kuphatikiza kuwopseza kwa kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya, kuti adziwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera kupulumutsa miyoyo.
Sindikunena za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mahema a gulu lankhondo ndi mafakitale akadali amphamvu. Utsogoleri wochulukira ndale ndi pusillanmous. Mavuto amderali ali ndi njira yoti ikhale yowopsa. Tsogolo silinganenedweratu. Tataya mwayi m'mbuyomu, makamaka nthawi imodzi pomwe Khoma la Berlin linagwa ndipo Cold War itatha, atsogoleri asayansi akadagwira ndikuyamba kumanga nyumba za dongosolo latsopano ladziko. Koma ndikunena kuti dziko lapansi, lokhumudwa ndi nkhondo za Afghanistan ndi Iraq, ladzilungamitsa ndipo likukonzekera kuti nkhondo zapakati pa mayiko zikhale zotsalira zakale.
Zifukwa ziŵiri zikupanga ziyembekezo zabwinoko za mtendere wapadziko lonse: kuyankha ndi kupeŵa. Sitinamvepo zambiri za maboma omwe amawerengera anthu pazochita zawo pamafunso akuluakulu ankhondo ndi mtendere. Tsopano, ndi kufalikira kwa ufulu wa anthu, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko omwe ali ndi mphamvu akugwira ntchito ndi maboma awo kuti achite nawo ndondomeko zapadziko lonse za chitukuko cha anthu. Njira zapadziko lonse izi, zowonekera m'mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakuletsa kuphana mpaka kulowererapo kwa azimayi pantchito zoyimira pakati, zimathandizira kupewa mikangano.
Malingaliro apamwambawa akubweretsa mphamvu zatsopano pamkangano wothetsa zida za nyukiliya. Mochulukirachulukira, zida za nyukiliya sizimawonedwa ngati zida zachitetezo cha boma koma zophwanya chitetezo cha anthu. Mochulukirachulukira, zikuwonekeratu kuti zida za nyukiliya ndi ufulu wa anthu sizingakhalepo padziko lapansi. Koma maboma amachedwa kutengera mfundo zozikidwa pa kamvedwe katsopano ka zinthu zofunika pa chitetezo cha anthu. Chifukwa chake, tikukhalabe m'dziko lamagulu awiri momwe amphamvu amadzipangira zida zanyukiliya pomwe akuletsa kulandidwa kwawo ndi mayiko ena. Tikukumana ndi chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa zida za nyukiliya chifukwa mayiko amphamvu a nyukiliya akukana kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kupanga lamulo loletsa zida zonse za nyukiliya, ndikupitiriza kuchepetsa kutha kwa 1996 kwa International Court of Justice kuti kuopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. zida nthawi zambiri sizololedwa komanso kuti mayiko onse ali ndi udindo wokambirana za kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya.
Lingaliro ili likudyetsa gulu lomwe likukula padziko lonse lapansi kuti liyambe ntchito yothetsa zida za nyukiliya ngakhale popanda mgwirizano wachangu wamphamvu zanyukiliya. Msonkhano wa Nayarit ndi msonkhano wake wotsatira ku Vienna kumapeto kwa chaka chino, umapereka ndikulimbikitsanso kuti ayambe ntchitoyi. kutenga nawo gawo kwa zida za nyukiliya kumayiko kapena kuletsa zilakolako zawo pogwira ntchito molingana ndi NPT ndi Conference on Disarmament komwe zida za nyukiliya zimati zikuwononga nthawi zonse.
Zomwe ndakumana nazo zimandipangitsa kusankha kuyamba njira yomwe mayiko omwe ali ndi malingaliro ofanana amayamba ntchito yokonzekera ndi cholinga chenicheni chomanga lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuzindikira zofunikira zalamulo, zaukadaulo, zandale ndi zamabungwe za dziko laulere la zida za nyukiliya ngati maziko oti akambirane zoletsa zida za nyukiliya mwalamulo. idzapitirizabe kulepheretsedwa ndi maiko amphamvu, omwe agwirizana kuti aletse kupita patsogolo kwatanthauzo kuyambira pamene NPT inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1970. Ndikupempha aphungu anyumba yamalamulo kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wawo wopeza mphamvu ndi kukhazikitsa m’Nyumba ya Malamulo padziko lonse chigamulo chofuna kugwira ntchito mwamsanga. kuyamba pa dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi loletsa kupanga, kuyesa, kukhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya ndi mayiko onse, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zanyukiliya zithetsedwe.
Kulimbikitsa anthu aphungu kumagwira ntchito. Aphungu anyumba yamalamulo ali ndi mwayi wongofuna kukopa zatsopano komanso kutsata zomwe zikukwaniritsidwa. Iwo ali ndi mwayi wapadera wotsutsana ndi ndondomeko zomwe zilipo, kupereka njira zina komanso kuti maboma aziyankha mlandu. Aphungu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe amaganizira nthawi zambiri.
M’zaka zanga zoyambirira m’nyumba ya malamulo ya ku Canada, pamene ndinatumikira monga tcheyamani wa Parliamentarians for Global Action, ndinatsogolera nthumwi za aphungu a nyumba ya malamulo ku Moscow ndi Washington kukachonderera maulamuliro amphamvu a m’tsiku limenelo kuti achitepo kanthu kaamba ka kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya. Ntchito yathu inachititsa kuti bungwe la Six-Nation Initiative likhazikitsidwe. Uku kunali kuyesayesa kogwirizana kwa atsogoleri a India, Mexico, Argentina, Sweden, Greece ndi Tanzania, omwe adachita misonkhano yayikulu yolimbikitsa mayiko a nyukiliya kuti ayimitse kupanga zida zawo zanyukiliya. Pambuyo pake Gorbachev ananena kuti Six-Nation Initiative inali chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa pangano la 1987 Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, lomwe linathetsa gulu lonse la zida zanyukiliya zapakati papakati.
A Parliamentarians for Global Action adapanga gulu la aphungu a 1,000 m'mayiko 130 ndipo adayika mndandanda wazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, monga kulimbikitsa demokalase, kuletsa ndi kuyang'anira mikangano, malamulo a mayiko ndi ufulu wa anthu, chiwerengero cha anthu, ndi chilengedwe. Bungweli linali ndi udindo woyambitsa zokambirana za Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ndipo linapereka mphamvu kuti maboma ambiri asayine ku International Criminal Court ndi 2013 Arms Trade Treaty.
M'zaka zapitazi, bungwe latsopano la aphungu, a Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, lakhazikitsidwa ndipo ndikunyadira kuti ndakhala Wapampando wawo woyamba. Ndikuthokoza Senator Ed Markey chifukwa chosonkhana ku Washington lero msonkhano wofunikira uwu wa aphungu. Motsogozedwa ndi Alyn Ware, PNND idakopa oyimira malamulo a 800 m'maiko 56. Inagwirizana ndi bungwe la Inter-Parliamentary Union, gulu lalikulu la aphungu a m’mayiko 162, polemba buku la aphungu lofotokoza za kusachulukitsitsa ndi kuchotsa zida. Uwu ndi utsogoleri womwe supanga mitu yankhani koma ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Kukula kwa mabungwe monga Parliamentarians for Global Action ndi Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament kukuthandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa utsogoleri wa ndale.
Mawu a aphungu atha kukhala amphamvu mtsogolo ngati Kampeni ya Msonkhano Wanyumba Yamalamulo wa United Nations ichitika. Kampeniyo ikuyembekeza kuti tsiku lina nzika za mayiko onse zidzasankha mwachindunji oimira awo kuti akhale pamsonkhano watsopano wa UN ndikukhazikitsa malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Izi sizingachitike mpaka titafika pagawo lina la mbiri yakale, koma njira yosinthira ikhoza kukhala kusankha nthumwi zochokera ku nyumba zamalamulo za dziko, zomwe zidzapatsidwa mphamvu zokhala pamsonkhano watsopano ku UN ndikukambirana nkhani mwachindunji ndi Security Council. Nyumba yamalamulo ku Europe, pomwe chisankho chachindunji cha mamembala ake 766 chimachitika m'maiko omwe akukhala, imapereka chitsanzo cha msonkhano wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ngakhale popanda kuyembekezera zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolo kuti zipititse patsogolo ulamuliro wapadziko lonse, aphungu masiku ano angathe ndipo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wawo wapadera m'maboma pofuna kukakamiza anthu kuti ateteze zamoyo padziko lapansi. Tsekani kusiyana kwa olemera ndi osauka. Lekani kutentha kwa dziko. Palibenso zida zanyukiliya. Izi ndi zinthu za utsogoleri wa ndale.
