Pulogalamu yotsutsana ya Pentagon ikufulumira kutumiza zida zankhondo zochulukirapo kumadipatimenti apolisi omwe amati akukonzekera ngozi zanyengo. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zakupha.
Anthu am'deralo atamva kuti ofesi ya a County County, Iowa, agwira galimoto yayikulu, yosagwira mgodi, Sheriff Lonny Pulkrabek adatsimikizira anthu okayikira kuti oyang'anira adzaigwiritsa ntchito pakagwa nyengo yovuta kuti apulumutse nzika ku zodabwitsa za boma mvula yamkuntho kapena madzi osefukira.
"Zowonadi, ndigalimoto yopulumutsa, yochira komanso yonyamula," Pulkrabek adanena mu 2014.
Koma mzaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuyambira pamenepo, galimoto - yomwe imachokera ku Pentagon 1033 pulogalamu yoyipa kwambiri kuti zida zankhondo zakunyumba ndi zida, zida ndi magalimoto zomwe zatsala pankhondo zakunja zadziko - zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi china chilichonse kupatula izi.
Apolisi aku Iowa City, omwe amagawana nawo galimotoyo ndi ofesi ya sheriff, adayipanga pafupi ndi chaka chatha. zionetsero zachikhalidwe, kumene oyang'anira anaphulitsa utsi wokhetsa misozi pa zionetsero zamtendere chifukwa chokana kubalalika. Ndipo Meyi uno, anthu adakwiya pambuyo pa apolisi adayendetsa gulu lankhondo lakale mdera loyandikira anthu akuda kupereka zikalata zomangidwa.
Mkwiyowu udalimbikitsa mamembala a khonsolo ya mzinda wa Iowa chilimwe chino kuti afune kuti boma libweze galimotoyo ku Pentagon.
"Ndi galimoto yopangidwira nthawi yankhondo, ndipo m'malingaliro mwanga, siili pano," membala wa khonsolo ya mzindawo a Janice Weiner adauza HuffPost.
Ofesi ya Johnson County Sheriff silokhalo lokhazikitsa malamulo kuti litchule nyengo yodabwitsa chifukwa chake imafunikira zida zankhondo. Chaka chatha, Congress idapanga kusintha pang'ono ku Pulogalamu ya 1033 kuti ipereke mwayi wofikira magalimoto okhala ndi zida kwa apolisi ndi ma sheriffs omwe amati amawafunikira pakagwa tsoka, HuffPost adaphunzira - ndikuwunika pang'ono momwe magalimoto alili. pomaliza ntchito.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, apolisi ndi asitikali aphulika omwe akutchula za mphepo zamkuntho, matalala, makamaka kusefukira kwamadzi chifukwa chake akuyenera kulandira galimoto yankhondo.
HuffPost yopezedwa yokha mazana a zopempha zamagalimoto onyamula zida kuti mabungwe am'deralo adalembera Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku 2017 ndi 2018. Ndipo mosiyana ndi zaka zochepa zapitazo, liti pafupifupi kulibe mabungwe azamalamulo anatchula za masoka achilengedwe, panali mabungwe ochokera m'maiko onse opempha thandizo pokonzekera masoka.
Ndi galimoto yopangidwira nthawi yankhondo, ndipo m'malingaliro mwanga, siinali pano.Membala wa khonsolo ya Iowa City a Janice Weiner
Pali zifukwa zingapo zosinthira kukakamiza kwamalamulo. Padziko lonse lapansi, kusintha kwanyengo kukuwonjezera masoka owopsa komanso owopsa. US sinagwiritse ntchito pokonzekera masoka akuluakulu, kukakamiza maboma am'deralo ndi apolisi kuti akonzekere masoka - ndikulipira - makamaka pawokha.
Koma chifukwa chachikulu chikhoza kukhala kuti Dipatimenti Yachitetezo yayambanso kupulumutsa apolisi am'deralo ndi ma sheriff kuti achite gawo lalikulu pothana ndi tsoka. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, pamafomu omwe apolisi ndi ma sheriff ayenera kupereka kuti apereke zifukwa zawo zopempha magalimoto okhala ndi zida zankhondo, Pentagon idayamba kutchula masoka achilengedwe monga chitsanzo. (Dongosolo la 1033 lidapangidwa mu 1996.)
Mabungwe am'deralo adagwira mwachidwi izi. M'zikalata zomwe HuffPost adapeza, gulu la apolisi ndi ma sheriffs ku Gulf Coast, kuchokera ku Florida kupita ku Georgia kupita ku Louisiana, adatchula nyengo yamkuntho yamkuntho m'maboma awo, pomwe apolisi aku New Jersey adakumbukira kulephera kwawo konse pambuyo pa Superstorm Sandy ya 2012.
"Zipangizo zathu zidalemedwa mwachangu ndipo kulephera kuyankha ndi magalimoto opulumutsa anthu okwera m'madzi kunalepheretsa ntchito yopulumutsa," mkulu wa apolisi ku Lacey Township, mudzi womwe uli ku Pine Barrens ku New Jersey, adalemba pempho loti apite patsogolo. zida Humvee mu 2018. (Atafunsidwa kuti afotokoze, wachiwiri kwa tauniyo adati sanakumbukire pempholi.)
Kenako, chaka chatha, Congress idasintha pulogalamu ya 1033 yomwe idalimbikitsa zolimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi masoka achilengedwe ndi zida zankhondo. M'kati mwake ndalama zapachaka zodzitchinjiriza, Congress inalangiza Pentagon kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri "mapulogalamu omwe amapempha magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mwadzidzidzi, monga magalimoto opulumutsa madzi."
Akatswiri okonzekera masoka omwe adalankhula ndi HuffPost adatsutsa lingaliro lakusefukira dzikolo ndi magalimoto ankhondo ochulukirapo mothandizidwa ndikukonzekera kusintha kwanyengo.
Ena adazindikira kuti apolisi ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo kuchokera ku Pentagon komabe akufuna chifukwa palibe amene akuimbidwa mlandu wowonetsetsa kuti mabungwe azamalamulo amangogwiritsa ntchito poyankha tsoka. Ena ananenanso kuti apolisi ali ndiudindo woteteza anthu pakagwa tsoka - ndipo magalimoto ankhondo sachita chilichonse kuthandiza apolisi kukonzekera ntchitoyi.
"Ndikukutsimikizirani kuti palibe m'modzi mwa madipatimenti apolisi omwe akuwononga nyengo kapena nyengo yoipa ali ndi makonzedwe oyang'anira pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kuti agwiritse ntchito [mwanjira imeneyi]," atero a Leigh Anderson, wofufuza komanso wowerengera ndalama ku Chicago State University yemwe amayang'anira madipatimenti apolisi ku Illinois ndi Missouri.
Kwazaka zambiri, oyang'anira zamalamulo mdziko lonseli agogomezera njira zoyipa, monga kuwukira kwa SWAT ndikuwombera mwakhama. Akuluakulu m'maboma ambiri sanakonzekere bwino ntchito zopulumutsa, Anderson adati, utsogoleri umangoyang'ana pakupeza zida zoyenera.
"Zikafika pakagwa masoka achilengedwe, apolisi amakhala osakonzekera chilichonse chomwe chingachitike kunja kwa dipatimenti ya apolisi," adatero.
Zina mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri mdziko muno ndikukonzanso zomangamanga - kumanga madera omwe sasefukira komanso misewu yomwe simasefukira poyamba - kuti madera athe kupirira masoka achilengedwe, atero a Rune Storesund, wamkulu wa bungwe la Yunivesite ya California, Berkeley's Center for Catastrophic Risk Management.
Dzikoli lasiya ntchito yothana ndi masoka pamadipatimenti apolisi omwe sanakonzekere bwino m'madipatimenti m'malo mwa kupanga madongosolo otha kuyankha, kusakonzeka komwe kungakhale koopsa kwambiri chifukwa kusintha kwanyengo kumapangitsa kusefukira kwamadzi, moto, kuzizira, mafunde akutentha ndi mkuntho. Boma likhoza kuwongolera ndalama zowonongera kukonzanso zomangamanga, kulimbikitsa mapulani achitetezo m'malo mongotumiza magalimoto onyamula zida.
"Ndimavutika kulingalira momwe magalimoto ankhondo awa amakhudzira zochitika zokhudzana ndi nyengo," adatero Storesund.
Sikuti magalimoto ankhondo angakhale opanda ntchito pakagwa masoka achilengedwe. Apolisi ali ndi udindo woteteza anthu pakagwa nyengo yoopsa. Nthawi zambiri amaimbidwa mlandu wothamangitsa mphepo yamkuntho kapena moto, kubweza anthu osiyidwa, ndikusunga bata m'malo owopsa. Pavuto loterolo, kukopa kwa lole yopangidwa kuti lisapirire mabomba a m’mphepete mwa msewu n’koonekeratu. Magalimoto ambiri osaphulika, monga magalimoto otetezedwa ndi mgodi, kapena MRAPs, amatha kuyendetsa mitengo yomwe yagwa, kupirira mphepo yamkuntho, kuwoloka madzi mamita angapo ndikuyenda mofulumira ngati matayala awo aphulika.
Chotsatira chodziwikiratu chopatsa apolisi zida zankhondo mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera masoka achilengedwe ndikuti apolisi ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zowopsa kwambiri zolinga.
Nkhondo yochulukirapo yomwe zida za Pentagon zimayendetsa apolisi akomweko zapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga za SWAT, monga kugogoda pakhomo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kuti azigwira ntchito zapolisi monga kupereka zilolezo komanso kufunafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Zida zankhondo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazionetsero zaboma. Monyansitsa, mabungwe azamalamulo ali nawo ankagwiritsanso ntchito magalimoto ankhondo kuchitira nkhanza anthu omwe akutsutsa kuwonongeka kwa nyengo, monga pa 2016 ku Standing Rock, North Dakota, pa ziwonetsero za mapaipi aku Native American.
Ndikukutsimikizirani kuti palibe m'madipatimenti apolisi awa omwe akuyika nyengo kapena nyengo yoipa kwambiri ali ndi mapulani owongolera mwadzidzidzi kuti agwiritse ntchito [motero].Leigh Anderson, wofufuza komanso wowerengera ndalama ku Chicago State University yemwe amayang'anira madipatimenti apolisi ku Illinois ndi Missouri.
M'mafunso omwe HuffPost adapeza, mabungwe ambiri adavomereza kuti adzagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ankhondo populumutsa masoka komanso ntchito zina zowononga.
Northwoods, Missouri, yomwe idapempha galimoto yankhondo kuti ichitike kwa apolisi ochita ziwonetsero za Black Lives Matter mu 2017, monga HuffPost inanena mu Ogasiti, idati mu pempho lake kuti idzagwiritsanso ntchito galimotoyo poyankha kusefukira kwamadzi, mvula yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho. Ngati ndondomeko yamakono ikadakhalapo panthawiyo, Pentagon ikanathamangitsa ulamuliro ngati Northwoods kulandira galimotoyo.
Kit Carson County, dera lomwe linamenyedwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho ku Colorado komwe sheriff adapempha MRAP kuti apulumutse oyendetsa galimoto ku kusefukira kwa madzi ndi matalala, adati nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo kuti apereke zilolezo zofufuza za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mkulu wa apolisi ku Malden, Missouri, gulu laling'ono la apolisi a 14 okha, adanena kuti derali linali limodzi mwazovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi mu 2017. ndi kuchita ziwembu za mankhwala.
Poyankhulana ndi HuffPost, a Brad Kunkel, sheriff wapano wa Johnson County, Iowa, tsopano akuti chigawochi chimayang'ana ntchito zambiri za MRAP yake kupatula kungopulumutsa pakagwa masoka, ngakhale adati dipatimentiyi idagwiritsa ntchito populumutsa madzi osefukira.
Kupanga apolisi makamaka omwe ali ndi udindo woyankha pakagwa masoka kumatanthauzanso kuti kuyankha masoka kumalumikizidwa ndi machitidwe ankhanza apolisi. Matauni ambiri a New Jersey omwe amapempha magalimoto okhala ndi zida, kuphatikiza omwe adatsindika kuti adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magalimoto othana ndi tsoka, akufuna kuti azilipira kuti azisamalira magalimotowo. ndalama zochotseredwa katundu. Ngakhale New Jersey idachepetsa mchitidwewu posachedwa, malamulo aboma panthawiyo amalola apolisi kuti azipereka ndalama zogwirira ntchito polanda ndalama ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwa anthu omwe akuimbidwa mlandu koma osapezeka ndi milandu.
Panthawi ya masoka am'mbuyomu, apolisi adatero anavulala ndi anaphedwa anthu omwe amawaganizira kuti alanda katundu. Mlandu wodziwika kwambiri, apolisi aku New Orleans adawombera AK-47s nzika zomwe zikuthawa kuwonongeka kwa mphepo yamkuntho Katrina, kenako ndikuyesera kubisa. Kafukufuku pambuyo pake adadzudzula zomwe zidachitika ku dipatimentiyi chikhalidwe chofala cha ziphuphu.
Ndipo panthawi yomwe gawo lalikulu la anthu likukwiyitsidwa ndi kusalangidwa kwa apolisi, masoka a nyengo amapereka kufotokozera kwaubwenzi kwa apolisi.
Mabungwe ena azamalamulo agwiritsa ntchito nyengo yoipa monga kufotokozera komaliza pamene anthu akutsutsa momveka bwino kuti apolisi amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto akale ankhondo. Kugwa komaliza, apolisi ku New London, Connecticut, adapeza Cougar yolimbana ndi mgodi kudzera mu 1033 Program ya zochitika za anthu ogwidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi owombera. Anthu amderalo ndi khonsolo ya mzindawo atakana kuti galimotoyo isasungidwe, apolisi adakhazikitsa mtsutso wawo womaliza kuzungulira kufunikira kwa galimoto yopulumutsira panthawi yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho.
Kwa a Weiner, membala wa khonsolo ya mzinda wa Iowa, galimotoyo m'chigawo chake imamukumbutsa za nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito ku ofesi ya kazembe wa US ku Turkey m'ma 1990 panthawi yomwe dzikolo linkalimbana ndi zigawenga zaku Kurd.
Iye anati: “Ndaonapo magalimoto ambiri okhala ndi zida m’misewu. "Ndi chikhalidwe cha mantha osati chikhalidwe chomwe ndikufuna mtawuni yanga."
