Pinkerism ndi Militarism Zimayenda M'chipinda

Ndi David Swanson, February 6, 2020

Buku la Charles Kenny, Tsekani Pentagon, ali ndi chivomerezo chochokera kwa Steven Pinker ngakhale akufuna kutseka chinachake chimene Pinker kawirikawiri amavomereza kuti chiripo.

Ili ndi buku loyankha funsoli: Nanga bwanji ngati wina yemwe amakhulupirira kuti nkhondo idangochitika ndi anthu osauka, akuda, akutali, ndipo adatsala pang'ono kutha padziko lapansi, akakumana ndi asitikali aku US ndi bajeti yankhondo yaku US?

Yankho kwenikweni ndi lingaliro losamutsa ndalama kuchokera kunkhondo kupita ku zosowa za anthu ndi zachilengedwe - ndipo ndani ndikufuna kuti muchite kuti?

Ndipo ngati anthu omwe akuganiza kuti nkhondo yatsala pang'ono kutha ndikuzimiririka paokha angathe kulimbikitsidwa kuti athandize kuthetsa kupanga nkhondo ndi zomwe amawona ngati wosewera mpira komanso zomwe Dr. King adalemba molondola kuti ndiye woyambitsa chiwawa padziko lapansi, ndibwino kwambiri. !

Koma njira yoti izi zitheke idzafunika kukhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko lenileni kusiyana ndi buku limene lili ndi mawu ngati awa: “Ngati dziko la United States likufuna kuchepetsa nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni ndi kusokonekera kwake . . . .”

Mu chiphunzitso cha Pinkerist nkhondo zimayamba chifukwa chakubwerera m'mbuyo kwa mayiko osauka akunja omwe amayamba nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni zomwe zimadutsa modabwitsa ku zigawenga kumayiko olemera omwe ali kutali komwe zida zonse zimachokera koma zomwe sizinachite nawo nkhondo zapachiweniweni. mwanjira iliyonse.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito yathu, monga oyambitsa nkhondo, ndikufotokozera bungwe lodziwika bwino lotchedwa United States kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira ntchito zaboma yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhondo zapachiweniweni si kudzera munkhondo. .

Buku la Kenny ndi pafupifupi kusintha kwa Norman Angell The Great Illusion, kutilozera kuti nkhondo ndi yopanda nzeru komanso yaumphawi komanso yopanda phindu - ngati kuti inali yomveka, komanso ngati idzachita manyazi chifukwa chopanda nzeru ndipo imasiya kuchitika.

Nawa mawu ena omwe atengedwa m'bukuli (sindikufuna kukugundani ndi mawu ochulukirapo azinthu izi panthawi imodzi): "Ngakhale kuti sinamenyedwere ndalama, nkhondo ya Iraq - imodzi mwa mayiko ochepa kwambiri. nkhondo zaposachedwapa . . . .”

Chiyambireni Nkhondo Yadziko II, mkati mwa nyengo yolingaliridwa kukhala yamtendere. asilikali a United States ali kupha kapena kuthandiza kupha anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni, kugwetsa maboma osachepera 36, ​​kusokoneza zisankho zakunja 84, kuyesa kupha atsogoleri 50 akunja, komanso kuponya mabomba kwa anthu m'maiko opitilira 30. United States ndiyomwe yapha anthu 5 miliyoni ku Vietnam, Laos, ndi Cambodia, komanso opitilira 1 miliyoni kuyambira 2003. Iraq. Kuyambira 2001, United States yakhala ikuwononga chigawo cha dziko lapansi mwadongosolo, kuphulitsa mabomba ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Libya, Somalia, Yemen, ndi Syria, osatchulapo za Philippines ndi zolinga zina zobalalika (nkhondo zapakati pa mayiko chimodzi). . United States ili ndi "magulu apadera" omwe akugwira ntchito m'magawo awiri mwa atatu a mayiko padziko lonse lapansi komanso magulu omwe siapadera m'magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu aliwonse.

United States yasintha kuchoka kwa purezidenti omwe mafuta onyenga analibe chochita nazo kwa yemwe akuti asitikali aku US akupha ku Syria chifukwa chongoba mafuta. Mfundo yakuti izi ndi zopenga ziyenera kupangitsa kuti zikhale zabodza sizigwira ntchito kwa aliyense amene wakumanapo ndi boma la US. Tangoganizani kulengeza kuti United States ili kale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cholipira m'modzi chifukwa kusakhala nacho kumabweretsa kuwononga ndalama kuwirikiza kawiri ndikuwonjezera chisamaliro chaumoyo. Tangoganizani kulengeza kuti Green New Deal ilipo ndipo siyenera kuvutitsidwa chifukwa imangodzilipira yokha. Nkhondo sizimangokhudza mafuta, koma zifukwa zina ndizofanana: kubzala mbendera ndi maziko m'dera lina, kupanga poyambira nkhondo yotsatira, kupindula kwa ogulitsa zida ndi kampeni yachisankho, kupambana mavoti kuchokera kwa sadists.

Kwa Pinkerite, chiopsezo chachikulu cha mtendere m'nthawi yamakono ndi "Russia ikuukira Crimea" - kupyolera, mukudziwa, kuvota kwachiwawa kwa Crimea - zomwe siziyenera kubwerezedwa, osati chifukwa voti idzapita mofanana nthawi zonse, koma chifukwa cha zovulala zonse (3, mwina 4 kudula mapepala okha).

Chifukwa chake zimafunikira momwe timaganizira za nkhondo, ngakhale liti timavomereza Chochepetsa kwambiri choyambitsa nkhondo padziko lapansi, ndikuti nkhondo sizinalengedwe ndi umphawi kapena kusowa kwa zinthu. Nkhondo zimadalira makamaka kuvomereza kwa chikhalidwe ndi kukonda nkhondo. Nkhondo zimalengedwa ndi anthu omwe amasankha nkhondo. Kugwa kwanyengo sikuyambitsa nkhondo. Kugwa kwanyengo m'zikhalidwe zomwe zimaganiza kuti mumathetsa mavuto ndi nkhondo kumayambitsa nkhondo. Kenny amavomereza m'lingaliro lokhulupirira kuti nkhondo ndi chida cholakwika pamavuto enieni omwe dziko lapansi likukumana nawo. Komabe akuganiza kuti umphawi umayambitsa nkhondo pakati pa 96% (anthu kunja kwa United States). Izi zimatipangitsa kutali ndi kufunikira kosuntha chikhalidwe chathu kutali ndi kuvomereza nkhondo. Werengani mawu odabwitsa awa:

"[T] kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu, yotsogola mwaukadaulo ngati America kuthana ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni m'maiko osauka kwambiri kapena ziwopsezo zomwe angalimbikitse ndizochepa: opitilira theka la zigawenga zonse zakufa padziko lonse lapansi mu 2016 zinali ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan - mayiko awiri omwe akhalapo ndi gulu lankhondo la US posachedwapa. "

Zili ngati kuti gulu lankhondo limene lapanga helo m’malo amenewa ndi chida chabe chobweretsa paradaiso. Tikufuna chida chabwinoko chothandizira ma Iraqi osalankhula osayankhula kuti asiye kudzipha, m'malo mongofunika kusiya kulanda ndikuwononga mayiko. Kusunga asitikali ku Iraq ndi Iraq kufuna kuti atuluke sizotsutsana ndi demokalase, zakupha, komanso zachiwembu; ndi chida cholakwika chogwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira anthuwo.

Nkhondo ya US ku Iraq inatha, malinga ndi maganizo a Pinker, pamene Purezidenti George W. Bush adalengeza kuti "mission yakwaniritsidwa," kuyambira pomwe yakhala nkhondo yapachiweniweni, choncho zomwe zimayambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni zikhoza kufufuzidwa molingana ndi zofooka za Gulu la Iraq. “[Ndi]zovuta kwambiri,” Pinker akudandaula motero, “kuika ulamuliro wademokrase yaufulu m’maiko a m’maiko otukuka kumene amene sanapambanitse zikhulupiriro zawo, olamulira ankhondo, ndi mafuko amadani.” Zoonadi zikhoza kukhala, koma umboni uli kuti wakuti boma la United States lakhala likuyesera? Kapena umboni wakuti United States ili ndi demokalase yokhayo? Kapena kuti United States ili ndi ufulu wokakamiza zokhumba zake ku dziko lina?

Pambuyo pamayendedwe onse apamwamba owerengera njira yathu yamtendere, timayang'ana mmwamba ndikuwona nkhondo ikupha 5% ya anthu aku Iraq pazaka za Marichi 2003, kapena mwina 9% kuwerengera nkhondo zam'mbuyomu ndi zilango, kapena 10% pakati pa 1990 ndi XNUMX. lero. Ndipo nkhondo zowopsa kwambiri zothandizidwa ndi US malinga ndi kuchuluka kokwanira m'malo ngati Congo. Ndipo nkhondo yakhala yokhazikika. Anthu ambiri sangatchule onsewo, ngakhale kukuwuzani chifukwa chake apitilize. Komabe tili ndi aphunzitsi omwe amatiuza tsiku lililonse kuti nkhondozi kulibe.

Mwamwayi ndalama zimakhala ndi phindu ngakhale m'masukulu, ndipo bajeti ya usilikali siinyalanyazidwa nthawi zonse. Pofika mchaka cha 2019, bajeti yapachaka ya Pentagon, kuphatikiza bajeti yankhondo, kuphatikiza zida zanyukiliya muDipatimenti Yamagetsi, kuphatikiza ndalama zankhondo ndi dipatimenti yachitetezo chanyumba, komanso chiwongola dzanja cha ndalama zomwe zawonongedwa pankhondo, ndi ndalama zina zankhondo. $ 1.25 zankhaninkhani,. Chifukwa chake, ndikudziwikiratu kuti ndimatsutsananso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Kenny bajeti ya dipatimenti imodzi ngati njira yopezera ndalama zankhondo. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa akufuna kuchepetsa ndalama zankhondo zaku US kuti zisapitirire 150% wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Uku kungakhale kusintha kwakukulu (ndi kopindulitsa) kuposa momwe angaganizire.