Kodi ndi kampani iti yomwe imapeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku boma la US? Yankho: Wolemba zida Lockheed Martin. Monga Washington Post posachedwa inanena, za $ 51 biliyoni zogulitsidwa ku 2017, Lockheed anatenga $ 35.2 biliyoni kuchokera ku boma, kapena pafupi ndi zomwe Trump ikuyang'anira bajeti ya 2019 State Department. Ndipo ndi kampani iti yomwe imakhala yachiwiri pankhani yokhala ndi okhometsa msonkho? Yankho: Boeing ndi chabe $ 26.5 biliyoni. Ndipo kukumbukira inu, izo zisanafike nthawi zabwino ngakhale zenizeni zinkangoyamba, monga TomDispatch zonse ndi katswiri wazogulitsa zida za nkhondo a William Hartung akufotokoza momveka bwino lero polowera zenizeni (ir) za bajeti ya Pentagon. Pankhani ya Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo, komabe, mwina tiyenera kupuma pantchito "bajeti" palimodzi, potengera tanthauzo lake. Kodi sitingapeze liwu lina kwathunthu? Monga chimanga cha Pentagon?
Nthawi zina, zimakhala zovuta kukhulupirira kuti kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za Pentagon ndalama zokhudzana ndi ndalama sizinthu zowonjezera latsopano Yorker'm Andy Borowitz. Tengani, mwachitsanzo, a lipoti laposachedwapa mu Washington Examiner Mlembi wa asilikali Marko Esper ndi akuluakulu ena a Pentagon tsopano akulimbikitsa Congress kuti iwamasule kuyambira pa Seputembara 30 kuti athe kubalalitsa ndalama zawo (pafupifupi 40% ya bajeti ya dipatimentiyi). Pakumasulira, amauza Congress kuti ali ndi ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe angawononge munthawi yomwe apatsidwa.
Ndi kovuta kukakamizidwa kuti uzigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri mwamsanga pamene, mwachitsanzo, mukuyambitsa zida za nyukiliya "mtundu" imodzi mwa "kupititsa patsogolo" zomwe ziri kale zankhondo zamakono kwambiri padziko lapansi pa zaka zotsatira za 30 kwa munthu wamba chabe trillion-plus ndalama (ndalama zomwe, malinga ndi mbiriyakale ya bajeti ya Pentagon, zitha kukwera mwachangu). Mwakutero, lolani Hartung akulowetseni m'dziko lodabwitsa la zomwe, mu m'badwo wa The Donald, omwe angaganiziridwe za (ndi alliteration m'malingaliro) ngati Plutocratic Pentagon. Tom
-Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch
Kusokoneza Budgetary Bloat
Magine kwakanthawi chiwembu chomwe okhometsa misonkho aku America adatengedwa kupita kwa oyeretsa mpaka mazana mabiliyoni amadola ndipo sipanakhalepo lingaliro lakudzudzula kapena kukwiya. Tangoganiziraninso kuti a White House komanso andale ambiri ku Washington, ngakhale atakhala achipani, adavomera. M'malo mwake, kufunafuna kwapachaka kukweza ndalama za Pentagon mu stratosphere kumatsata zomwezo, mothandizidwa ndi kuneneratu za chiwonongeko chomwe chayandikira a hawk omwe amalandira ndalama ndi chidwi chochita chidwi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa asilikali.
Ambiri aku America mwina amadziwa kuti Pentagon imagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, koma sizokayikitsa kuti amvetsetsa kukula kwake ndalamazo. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama zankhondo zochulukirapo modabwitsa zimatengedwa ngati gawo lachilengedwe, monga imfa kapena misonkho.
Ziwerengero zomwe zidachitika mu bajeti yaposachedwa yomwe idapangitsa kuti Congress ikhale yotseguka, komanso malingaliro a Purezidenti Trump a 2019, ndizofunikira: $ 700 biliyoni ku Pentagon ndi mapulogalamu ena ofanana mu 2018 ndi $ 716 biliyoni chaka chotsatira. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, manambala ochulukirapo kuposa zomwe Pentagon idayembekezera. Malinga ndi a Donald Trump, omwe siodalirika nthawi zonse, Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis akuti anati, "Wow, sindingakhulupirire kuti tili ndi zonse zomwe timafuna" - kuvomereza kochepa kuchokera kwa wamkulu wa bungwe lomwe yankho lawo pakufunsira bajeti ndi kufunsa zowonjezera.
Zomwe anthu amachitira kuntchito yotereyi ya Pentagon inagwedezeka, kuti ikhale yofatsa. Mosiyana ndi chaka chatha kupereka msonkho kwa olemera, kutaya ndalama zamsonkho pafupi ndi mbiri yawo ku Dipatimenti Yachitetezo sikunabweretse mkwiyo pagulu. Komabe kuchepa kwa misonkho kumeneku komanso kuwonjezeka kwa Pentagon ndizofanana kwambiri. Kulumikizana kwa kayendetsedwe ka a Trump pamawonekedwe awiriwa kumatsanzira kulephera kwa Purezidenti Ronald Reagan mzaka za 1980 - makamaka koposa. Ndi chodabwitsa chomwe ndatcha "Reaganomics pa steroids. ” Njira ya Reagan idadzetsa nyanja za inki yofiira komanso kufooketsa ukonde pachitetezo cha anthu. Zinayambitsanso kukankha mwamphamvu kotero kuti pambuyo pake adabwerera m'mbuyo kukweza misonkho ndi kukonza siteji kuchepa kwakukulu mu zida za nyukiliya.
Malingaliro obwezeretsanso a Donald Trump okhudza kusamukira kudziko lina, ufulu wa amayi, chilungamo pakati pa mitundu, ufulu wa LGBT, komanso kusalingana kwachuma kwadzetsa kukana kochititsa chidwi. Zikuwonekabe ngati kupatsa kwake Pentagon mosasamala zosowa zazikulu zaumunthu kudzayambitsanso mavuto omwewo.
Zovuta, zimakhala zovuta ngakhale kupeza ndevu pa zomwe zikupezeka pa Pentagon pamene zambiri zomwe zimafalitsidwa pa TV sizilephera kuyendetsa kunyumba momwe ndalamazi zilili zazikulu. Chosadabwitsa chosiyana chinali nkhani ya Associated Press zolemba "Congress, Trump Perekani bajeti ya Pentagon Zomwe Simunazionepo." Izi zinalidi zowona kwambiri kuposa choonadi monga Mackenzie Eaglen wa chivomerezo American Enterprise Institute, yomwe kwa zaka zambiri yakhala ngati abulu monga Dick Cheney ndi John Bolton. Iye akufotokozedwa bajeti yatsopano monga "kuwonjezereka kwa chaka ndi chaka." Ngati ndi choncho, munthu wodandaula kuti aganizire kuti kuwonjezereka kopanda ulemu kungawoneke bwanji.
Pentagon Imagonjetsa Big
Kotero tiyeni tiyang'ane pa ndalama.
Ngakhale bajeti ya Pentagon idali itadutsa kale padenga, ipeza ndalama zowonjezerapo $ 165 biliyoni pazaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wamalamulo womwe udakwaniritsidwa koyambirira kwa mwezi uno. Kuyika chiwerengerochi pamalingaliro, anali makumi mabiliyoni a madola kuposa omwe a Donald Trump adapempha masika apitawa "amangidwanso”Asitikali aku US (monga ananenera). Idapitilira ziwerengerozo, zomwe zinali kale kale kuposa za a Trump, Congress idavomera kutha Disembala. Zimabweretsa ndalama zonse ku Pentagon ndi mapulogalamu ena okhudzana ndi zida za nyukiliya kuti akhale okwera kwambiri kuposa omwe adachitika munthawi ya nkhondo yaku Korea ndi Vietnam mzaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, kapena ngakhale kutalika kwa zida zankhondo zankhondo za Ronald Reagan m'ma 1980. Zaka ziwiri zokha za utsogoleri wa Barack Obama, pomwe panali pafupifupi Asilikali a US XUMUMX ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, kapena pafupifupi kasanu ndi kawiri antchito omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito kumeneko, anali atakhala apamwamba.
Ben Freeman wa Center for International Policy amapanga nambala za bajeti zatsopano za Pentagon pamene iye akuwona anafotokoza kuti ndalama zokwana pafupifupi $ 80 biliyoni kuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse pakati pa 2017 ndi 2019 zidzakhala kawiri kawiri ka bajeti ya Dipatimenti ya boma; apamwamba kusiyana ndi katundu wochokera kumayiko oposa 100; ndi yaikulu kuposa bajeti yonse ya nkhondo ya dziko lirilonse padziko lapansi, kupatula China.
Mademokrasi adasainira ku bajeti yamalamulo ngati gawo limodzi pamagulu osokonekera a Trump omwe adadulidwa masika apitawa. Mwachitsanzo, oyang'anira adasunga bajeti ya Dipatimenti ya State kuti isasokonezeke kwambiri ndipo idaloleza omwe ali pachiwopsezo Pulogalamu ya Inshuwalansi ya Ana (CHIP) kwa zaka 10 zina. Pochita izi, a Democrat adaponyanso mamiliyoni achinyamata ochokera kumayiko ena pansi pa basi kusiya kulimbikira kuti bajeti yatsopano iliyonse iteteze pulogalamu ya Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, kapena "Dreamers,". Pakadali pano, ambiri azachuma ku Republican adakondwera kusaina pa kuwonjezeka kwa Pentagon komwe, kuphatikiza msonkho wa Trump kwa olemera, ndalama zolipirira momwe angawonere - zonse $ 7.7 zankhaninkhani, ofunika kwambiri pa zaka 10 zikubwerazi.
Pomwe ndalama zapakhomo zidayenda bwino pamsonkhano waposachedwa wamalamulo kuposa momwe zikadakhalira ngati pulani ya Trump ya 2018 ikadakhazikitsidwa, ikadali kutali kwambiri ndi zomwe Congress ikuyika ku Pentagon. Ndipo kuwerengera kwa National Priorities Project kukuwonetsa kuti Dipatimenti Yachitetezo ikukonzekera kukhala wopambana kwambiri pamalangizo a Trump a 2019. Zake gawo ya discretionary bajeti, yomwe imaphatikizapo zonse zomwe boma likuchita kupatulapo mapulogalamu monga Medicare ndi Social Security, idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ndalama za 61 zomwe sizingaganizidwe pa dola, zomwe zidzatengedwa kuchokera ku ndalama za 54 zomwe zakhala zikudabwitsa pa dola za ulamuliro wa Obama.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Trump azikhala ndi bajeti zaposachedwa kwambiri zidakwezedwa pang'ono ndi lingaliro la oyang'anira kulandira Pentagon kuonjezera Congress yomwe idavomerezedwa mwezi watha, ndikuponyera zisankho zomwe bungweli lapereka posagwiritsa ntchito zenera pazenera. Ngakhale Congress ikuyenera kuyambiranso malingaliro aboma kwambiri, ziwerengerozo ndizachidziwikire - a zoperekedwa ya $ 120 biliyoni pamagwiritsidwe ntchito apakhomo onsewa adagwirizana. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu ndikuphatikizira 41% yodula ndalama zokambirana ndi thandizo lakunja; kudulidwa kwa 36% pothandizira mphamvu ndi chilengedwe; ndi kudula 35% mu nyumba ndi chitukuko cha madera. Ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi chabe. Oyang'anira a Trump akukonzekeranso kuyambitsa ziwopsezo zonse zizindikiro za chakudya, Medicaidndipo Medicare. Ndi nkhondo pachilichonse kupatula asitikali aku US.
Ufulu wa Makampani
Ndondomeko zaposachedwapa zowonetsera bajeti zakondweretsa mitima ya gulu limodzi la anthu osauka a ku America: oyang'anira akuluakulu a zida zankhondo zazikulu monga Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, ndi General Dynamics. Iwo amayembekezera a bonanza kuchokera ku Pentagon zodutsa. Musadabwe ngati akuluakulu a maofesi asanuwa adzipatsa okha ndalama zabwino, zomwe zimakondweretsa ntchito yawo, osati zofuna zawo. $ Miliyoni 96 iwo ankakokera ngati gulu mu 2016 (chaka chotsatira kwambiri chomwe chiwerengero chonse chikupezeka).
Ndipo kumbukirani kuti, monga mabungwe ena onse aku US, ma behemoth opanga zida zankhondo adzapindula kwambiri ndi kuwongolera kwa misonkho kwamakampani a Trump. Malinga ndi katswiri wofufuza zamakampani, gawo labwino la mphepoyi lipita mabhonasi ndi zopindulitsa zambiri kwa omwe akugawana nawo kampani m'malo mongogulitsa ndalama munjira zatsopano komanso zabwino zotetezera United States. Mwachidule, munthawi ya Trump, a Lockheed Martin ndi magulu awo akutsimikiziridwa kuti azipanga ndalama ndikubwera.
Zinthu zomwe zinagwedezeka mabiliyoni mu ndalama zatsopano mu ndondomeko ya 2019 yomwe Transa adaikakamiza inaphatikiza ndege ya Lock-a-Martin, yomwe imagonjetsedwa kwambiri, pa $ 35 biliyoni; Boeing's F-10.6 "Super Hornet," yomwe idali kutayidwa ndi Obama udindo koma tsopano inalembedwa $ 18 biliyoni; Northrop Grumman's B-2.4 bomba la nyukiliya pa $ 21 biliyoni; Makina oyendetsa masewera a Ohio-classistic minofu ya Ohio ku $ 2.3 biliyoni; ndi $ Biliyoni 12 pamitundu ingapo yodzitchinjiriza ndi mivi yomwe ipindule kuti ipindule ndi… mudaganizira: Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, ndi Boeing, pakati pa makampani ena. Awa ndi mapulogalamu ochepa chabe mwa zida zankhondo zomwe zikupereka chakudya m'makampani awiriwa zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi. Kwa mapulogalamu omwe adakali pachiyambi, monga bomba latsopanoli ndi sitima yapamadzi yatsopano yamabomba, zaka zawo zamabanki zikubwera.
Pofotokoza za kusefukira kwa ndalama zomwe zimathandiza kampani ngati Lockheed Martin kukolola $ 35 mabiliyoni pachaka mu ndalama za boma, katswiri wa zankhondo Richard Aboulafia wa Teal Group adatchulidwa kuti "zokambirana zatha; kunyanyala ndege kuli mu ... M'malo oterewa, ndizovuta kuti musamawononge ndalama. Ngati zofunikira zikukwera, mitengo sikutsika. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, ndizosatheka kupha zinthu. Simuyenera kusankha zinthu zovuta ngati izi zikuchulukirachulukira. ”
Nkhumba ya Pentagon Potsutsana ndi Chitetezo cha Anthu
Loren Thompson ndi mlangizi wa ambiri mwa omanga zida aja. Gulu lake loganiza, Lexington Institute, limalandiranso zopereka kuchokera kwa ogulitsa zida. Adagwira mzimu wakanthawi pomwe iye adatamandidwa Kudzikuza kwa Pentagon pakugwiritsa ntchito bajeti ya Dipatimenti Yachitetezo ngati wopanga ntchito m'maiko ofunikira, kuphatikiza boma lofunika kwambiri la Ohio, lomwe linathandiza kuti a Donald Trump apambane mu 2016. Thompson anali wokondwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro ofuna kupha General Kupanga mphamvu kwa akasinja a M-1 ku Lima, Ohio, mufakitole yomwe gulu lankhondo linali nayo anayesedwa kuti agwire zaka zingapo zapitazo chifukwa anali atagwa kale mu akasinja ndipo analibe ntchito yoganizira zambiri.
Thompson akunena kuti akasinja atsopanowa akufunika kuti apitirize kupanga magalimoto okhala ndi zida zankhondo zaku Russia, zomwe zikunenedwazo ndizokayikitsa zomwe zimakhudza Cold War. Chodzinenera chake ndi yathandizidwaZachidziwikire, ndi National Security Strategy, yomwe ikuwopseza kuti Russia ndi China ndizoopseza kwambiri United States. Osadandaula kuti zovuta zomwe mphamvu ziwirizi zimabweretsa - zigawenga zaku Russia komanso kukweza kwachuma ku China - sizikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa akasinja ankhondo aku US.
Trump akufuna kupanga ntchito, ntchito, ntchito zomwe angaloze, ndikupanga zida zamagulu ankhondo zikuwoneka ngati njira yotsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ku Washington. Momwe zinthu zilili, zili ndi vuto lanji kuti ndalama zilizonse Pangani ntchito zambiri ndipo osati kuyika Amerika ndi zida zomwe ife sitikusowa?
Ngati ntchito zam'mbuyomu zikuwonetsa chilichonse, palibe ndalama zatsopano zomwe ziyenera kutsanulidwa mu Pentagon zomwe zingapangitse aliyense kukhala otetezeka. Monga Todd Harrison wa Center for Strategic and International Study anena, pali ngozi kuti Pentagon ingopeza "mafuta opanda mphamvu"Monga momwe ndalama zake zowonongeka kwambiri zimalimbikitsidwira ndi madola atsopano a madola omwe amathandiza anthu omwe akukonzekera kupanga zopanga zovuta.
Mndandanda wa zowonongeka zomwe zakhala zikuwonongeka kale zakhala zikudodometsa komanso zowonongeka kumayambiriro ndizomwe zinyalala zowonongeka pa Pentagon zidzakhala $ Biliyoni 125 Kwa zaka zisanu zotsatira. Mwazina, Dipatimenti Yachitetezo idalemba kale a mthunzi wogwira ntchito mwa makontrakitala azinsinsi opitilira 600,000 omwe maudindo awo amakhala ochuluka kwambiri ndikantchito yomwe kale ikugwiridwa ndi ogwira ntchito m'boma. Pakadali pano, kugula mosasamala kumabweretsa nkhani ngati zomwe zaposachedwa ku Pentagon's Defense Logistics Agency kutaya momwe zimakhalira watha $ 800 miliyoni ndi momwe malamulo awiri a ku America analiri sungathe kuyankha chifukwa cha $ 500 miliyoni zomwe zinkamenyana ndi nkhondo ku Middle East East ndi Africa.
Onjezani kwa ichi $ 1.5 zankhaninkhani, akukonzekera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa F-35s kuti Project nonpartisan pa Government Oversight ili adatchulidwa sangakhale okonzeka kumenyana ndi "zosakhalitsa" zamakono a nyukiliya ku United States, kuphatikizapo mbadwo watsopano wa mabomba a nyukiliya, zida zankhondo zam'madzi, ndi maombera pa mtengo wochepa wa $ 1.2 zankhaninkhani, Kwa zaka makumi atatu zikubwerazi. Mwanjira ina, gawo lalikulu la ndalama zatsopano za Pentagon zitha kuchita zambiri kupezera nthawi yabwino muntchito zamagulu ankhondo koma osathandiza asitikali kapena kuteteza dzikolo.
Chofunika koposa zonse, ndalama zatsopano zopezera ndalama, zomwe zingathe kuthyola chiwerengero cha anthu a ku America pansi pa ngongole, zidzathandiza kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti zikhale zosaoneka zosatha nkhondo zisanu ndi ziwiri kuti United States ikumenya nkhondo ku Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, ndi Yemen. Chifukwa chake itanani ichi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa kwambiri m'mbiri, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikulephera nkhondo mpaka kumapeto.
Kungakhale kusintha kwabwino ku America zaka mazana makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi ngati lingaliro losasamala loponya ndalama zambiri zosadabwitsa ku Pentagon yomwe idalandilidwa kale zidabweretsa zokambirana zazamalamulo zakunja kwa America. Mtsutso wapadziko lonse wazinthu ngati izi kumapeto kwa zisankho za 2018 ndi 2020 zitha kudziwa ngati zikupitilirabe bizinesi ku Pentagon kapena ngati bungwe lalikulu kwambiri m'boma lamilandu lalumikizidwanso ndikuvomerezedwa moyenera kaimidwe kodzitchinjiriza.
William D. Hartung, a TomDispatch zonse, ndiye mtsogoleri wa Arms and Security Project ku Center for International Policy ndi mlembi wa Aneneri a Nkhondo: Lockheed Martin ndi Kupanga Maofesi a Zida-Zomangamanga.
kutsatira TomDispatch on Twitter ndi kujowina ife Facebook. Onani Dispatch Book yatsopano kwambiri, ya Alfred McCoy M'mithunzi ya American Century: Kukwera ndi Kutha kwa US Global Power, komanso a John Dower Wachiwawa ku America Century: Nkhondo ndi Nkhanza Kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Buku la John Feffer lojambula zojambulajambula Mipululu, Nick Turse Nthawi Yotsatira Iwo Adzadzawerengera Akufa, ndi a Tom Engelhardt Gulu lamagulu: Kuwoneka, Nkhondo Zachibvundi, ndi Global Security State mu Dziko Lokha Lopambana.
