Wolemba Guy Blaise Feugap, Wogwirizanitsa WBW Cameroon, Ogasiti 5, 2021
Zolemba Zakale Zamavuto Apano
Nkhani yayikulu yomwe idalemba magawano ku Cameroon inali atsamunda (pansi pa Germany, kenako France ndi Britain). Kamerun anali nzika zaku Africa mu Ufumu waku Germany kuyambira 1884 mpaka 1916. Kuyambira mu Julayi 1884, kodi Cameroon lero idakhala koloni yaku Germany, Kamerun. Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, a Britain adalanda dziko la Cameroon kuchokera ku Nigeria mu 1914 ndipo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha, dzikolo lidagawika pakati pa United Kingdom ndi France motsogozedwa ndi June 28, 1919 League of Nations. France idalandira madera akuluakulu (French Cameroun) ndipo gawo lina lomwe lili m'malire ndi Nigeria lidakhala pansi pa Britain (Britain Cameroons). Kusintha kwapawiriku ndikupanga mbiri yomwe ikadakhala chuma chambiri ku Cameroon, mwina kutengedwa ngati Africa yaying'ono chifukwa cha malo ake, chuma chake, kusiyanasiyana kwake, etc. Mwatsoka, ili m'gulu la zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano.
Chiyambireni ufulu mu 1960, dzikolo lakhala ndi ma Purezidenti awiri okha, yemwe pano akulamulira zaka 39 mpaka pano. Kupita patsogolo kwa dziko lino la Central Africa kwasokonekera chifukwa chakulamulira mwankhanza, kupanda chilungamo, ndi katangale, zomwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa mikangano mdzikolo lero.
Zomwe Zikuwopseza Mtendere ku Cameroon
Pazaka khumi zapitazi, kusakhazikika pazandale komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu kwachulukirachulukira, komwe kukukumana ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zakhudza dziko lonselo. Zigawenga za Boko Haram zaukira ku Far North; olanda ufulu wawo akumenya nkhondo ndi asitikali omwe amalankhula Chingerezi; kumenya nkhondo ku Central African Republic kwatumiza othawa kwawo ku East; chiwerengero cha IDPs (Anthu Othawa Kwawo) chawonjezeka m'madera onse omwe amabweretsa mavuto ogwirizana; chidani pakati pa otsatira zipani chikuwonjezereka; achinyamata akusinthidwa mopitilira muyeso, mzimu wopanduka ukukula monganso kukana ziwawa zaboma; zida zazing'ono ndi zida zazing'ono zakula; kuyang'anira mliri wa Covid-19 kumabweretsa mavuto; kuwonjezera pa maulamuliro osauka, kupanda chilungamo pakati pa anthu, komanso katangale. Mndandanda ungapitirire.
Mavuto aku North-West ndi South-West, komanso nkhondo ya Boko Haram ku Far-North ikufalikira ku Cameroon, zomwe zidadzetsa chisokonezo m'mizinda yayikulu mdzikolo (Yaoundé, Douala, Bafoussam). Tsopano, mizinda ya chigawo chakumadzulo yomwe ili m'malire ndi North-West ikuwoneka kuti ndiyo yomwe ingakhale njira yatsopano yowukira anthu odzipatula. Chuma chadzikoli chauma, ndipo Far North, yomwe ndi mphambano yayikulu pamalonda ndi chikhalidwe, ikutayika. Anthuwo, makamaka achinyamata, akukakamira chifukwa cha zipolopolo zankhanza komanso zopanda chidwi zomwe zimabwera ngati zipolopolo zakuthupi, zosakwanira kapena zochepa zomwe boma likuchita, ndi zolankhula zomwe zimapotoza kapena kubisala kuchita bwino. Kusintha kwa nkhondozi kumachedwa komanso kuzunzidwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa mkanganowo, ndi zazikulu. Patsiku la World Refugee Day, lokondwerera June 20, Bungwe Loona za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ku Cameroon lakhazikitsa pempho lothandizidwa poyang'anira othawa kwawo komanso ma IDP.
Izi ndi zina zomwe zikuwopseza mtendere zasinthiranso zikhalidwe, ndikupatsa chidwi komanso chidwi kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achiwawa kwambiri komanso amwano kudzera munjira zapa media komanso zapa media. Achinyamata akulipira mtengo waukulu chifukwa akutengera zitsanzo zoyipa za omwe kale adatengedwa ngati zitsanzo. Chiwawa m'masukulu chawonjezeka kwambiri.
Ngakhale zili choncho, timakhulupirira kuti palibe chomwe chimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena zida zothanirana ndi zovuta. Ziwawa zimachulukana, ndikupangitsa ziwawa zambiri.
Zosintha Zaposachedwa Zachitetezo ku Cameroon
Nkhondo ku Cameroon zimakhudza Far North, North West, ndi South West. Adavulaza anthu aku Cameroonia modabwitsa anthu.
Zigawenga zomwe Boko Haram ku Cameroon idachita zidayamba mu 2010 mpaka pano. Mu Meyi 2021, zigawenga zingapo zomwe Boko Haram zidachita zidakhudza dera la Far North. Munthawi ya ziwembuzo, kulanda, nkhanza, komanso kuwukira komwe jihadists a Boko Haram akuti adakumana ndi anthu osachepera 15. M'dera la Soueram, Mamembala asanu ndi limodzi a Boko Haram adaphedwa ndi achitetezo aku Cameroonia; munthu m'modzi adaphedwa pa Meyi 6 mu Kuyenda kwa Boko Haram; anthu ena awiri anaphedwa wina kuukira pa Meyi 16; ndipo tsiku lomwelo ku Goldavi ku Mayo-Moskota Division, zigawenga zinayi zidaphedwa ndi asitikali. Pa Meyi 25, 2021, kutsatira a sesa m'mudzi wa Ngouma (Chigawo cha kumpoto kwa Cameroon), akuwakayikira angapo adamangidwa, kuphatikiza womuganizira yemwe anali mgulu la anthu asanu ndi mmodzi okhala ndi zida omwe anali ndi zigawenga khumi ndi ziwiri ndi zida zankhondo. Ndi kulimbikira kwa zigawenga ndikuwukira, midzi 15 ku Far North akuti ikuwopsezedwa kuti ithe.
Kuyambira pomwe idayamba ku 2016, zovuta zomwe zimadziwika kuti Anglophone zadzetsa imfa ya anthu opitilira 3,000 komanso anthu opitilira 2021 miliyoni othawa kwawo (IDPs) malinga ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma wamba. Zotsatira zake, kusakhazikika kukukulira mdziko lonselo, kuphatikiza kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti mopondereza. Mu XNUMX, kuzunzidwa ndi magulu okhala ndi zida zankhondo akuchuluka m'magulu olankhula Chingerezi a North West ndi South West. Pafupifupi anthu makumi asanu mwa anthu wamba komanso asitikali ankhondo omwe adazunzidwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zalembedwa.
Boma lidachepetsa vutoli pomwe lidayamba kupondereza maloya ndi aphunzitsi omwe amafuna kuti azitenga nawo mbali mokwanira m'boma. Mwamsangamsanga zidakhala zofunikira kwambiri kudziko lina lokhala ndi zigawo zazing'onoting'ono. Kuyambira pamenepo, zoyesayesa zothetsa vutoli zalephereka mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale panali zoyesayesa kubweretsa mtendere, kuphatikiza "Major National Dialogue" yomwe idachitika mu 2019. Kwa owonera ambiri izi sizinali cholinga chokambirana kwenikweni popeza ochita zisudzo anali osayitanidwa.
M'mwezi wa Meyi 2021 wokha, vutoli latenga miyoyo pafupifupi 30, kuphatikiza anthu wamba, asitikali, komanso opatukana. On usiku wa pa Epulo 29-30, 2021, asirikali anayi adaphedwa, mmodzi wavulala, ndipo zida ndi yunifolomu yankhondo zatengedwa. Omenyera kudzipatula anali atawukira positi kuti amasule anzawo atatu omwe anali mndende atamangidwa. Seweroli lidapitilira pa Meyi 6 (malinga ndi nkhani ya 8pm ya Equinox TV) ndikubedwa kwa ogwira ntchito m'matauni asanu ndi limodzi ku Bamenda m'chigawo cha North West. Pa Meyi 20, a Wansembe wachikatolika akuti wagwidwa. Tsiku lomwelo, magazini yaku America Zakunja idalengeza zakubuka kwachiwawa m'zigawo zolankhula Chingerezi ku Cameroon chifukwa cha mgwirizano pakati pa magulu olekanitsa ochokera ku North-West ndi South-West ndi iwo ochokera kudera la Biafra ku South-East Nigeria. Angapo Odzipatula akuti adamangidwa ndi achitetezo ndi achitetezo m'tawuni ya Kumbo (Chigawo cha North West), ndipo zida zodziwikiratu komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo agwidwa. Kudera lomwelo, pa Meyi 25, Magulu anayi apakati adaphedwa ndi gulu la olekanitsa. Asilikari ena awiri anali adaphedwa pakuphulika kwa mgodi ndi olekanitsa ku Ekondo-TiTi m'chigawo cha South West pa Meyi 26. Pa Meyi 31, anthu wamba awiri (akuimbidwa mlandu wampereka) adaphedwa ndipo ena awiri adavulala mu kuukira bala ndi omenyera kudzipatula ku Kombou, Kumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Mu Juni 2021, lipoti lanena kuti asitikali asanu adaphedwa ndipo ogwira ntchito m'boma asanu ndi mmodzi adagwidwa, kuphatikiza m'modzi yemwe adaphedwa ali mndende. Pa June 1, 2021, wansembe wachikatolika wogwidwa pa Meyi 20 adamasulidwa.
Nkhondo imeneyi ikukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi njira zatsopano komanso zankhanza zowukira; aliyense amakhudzidwa, kuyambira nzika yaying'ono kwambiri mpaka oyang'anira ndi achipembedzo. Palibe amene amathawa ziwopsezozo. Wansembe yemwe adamangidwa chifukwa chothandizana ndi opatukanawo adawonekera koyamba kukhothi lankhondo pa Juni 8 ndipo adamasulidwa pa belo. Kuukira komwe apolisi awiri adavulala komanso kuwonongeka kosadziwika kudalembedwa Juni 14 ku Muea ku South West. Pa June 15, ogwira ntchito m'boma asanu ndi mmodzi (nthumwi zachigawo m'maboma) adagwidwa mdera la Ekondo III ku South-West komwe m'modzi adaphedwa ndi opatukana omwe amafuna chiwombolo cha ma franc miliyoni a 50 miliyoni kuti amasule ena asanu. Pa Juni 21, an kuukira positi ku Kumba olekanitsawo adalemba ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu kwakuthupi. Asitikali asanu adaphedwa ndi olekanitsawo pa June 22.
Mayankho Ena Aposachedwa pamavuto
Kugulitsa kosaloledwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mfuti zina kumakulitsa mikangano. Unduna wa Zoyang'anira Madera unena kuti kuchuluka kwa mfuti zomwe zikufala mdzikolo zikuposa kuchuluka kwa ziphaso zomwe apereka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaka zitatu zapitazo, 85% ya zida mdzikolo ndizosaloledwa. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, boma lakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhwima oti asapeze zida zankhondo. Mu Disembala 2016, lamulo latsopano lidakhazikitsidwa pa Regime of Arms and Amunition.
Pa Juni 10, 2021, Purezidenti wa Republic adasaina a lamulo loti akhazikitsire Oyimilira Oyimirira Pagulu ku North West ndi South West. M'malingaliro aanthu, chisankhochi chimakhala chotsutsana kwambiri ndipo chimatsutsidwa (monga Major National Dialogue ya 2019 idatsutsidwa); ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kusankha kwa Othandizira kuyenera kuchokera pakufunsidwa ndi mayiko, kuphatikizapo kutenga nawo mbali anthu omwe anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondoyi. Anthu akuyembekezerabe zochita kuchokera kwa Ophatikizira zomwe zidzabweretse mtendere.
Pa Juni 14, 15 ndi 2021, XNUMX, msonkhano woyamba wapawiri womwe bwanamkubwa waku Cameroon udachitika. Pamwambowu, Minister of Territorial Administration adasonkhanitsa Mabwanamkubwa amchigawo. Poganizira za chitetezo, atsogoleri amisonkhano ndi Delegate General for National Security, akuwoneka kuti akufuna kuwonetsa kuti chitetezo mdzikolo chikuyendetsedwa. Adanenanso kuti kulibenso zoopsa zazikulu, zovuta zochepa zachitetezo. Mosachedwa, magulu ankhondo anaukira tawuni ya Muea kumwera chakumadzulo chigawo.
Tsiku lomwelo, gawo la Cameroon ku Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF Cameroon) adachita msonkhano monga gawo la amatsutsa amuna ankhondo. Msonkhanowu unatsindika olamulira omwe ali ndi udindo wamisala yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasungabe zachiwawa mdziko muno. Malinga ndi WILPF Cameroon, ndikofunikira kuti akuluakulu aboma azindikire kuti kuthana ndi zovuta kwadzetsa mavuto ena. Chidziwitso chidafika kwa akuluakuluwa kudzera pofalitsa nkhani zomwe atolankhani omwe akutsatira. Zotsatira zamsonkhanowu, tikuganiza kuti anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni a ku Cameroon adalimbikitsidwa kuti asatengeke ndi mphamvu zankhondo.
WILPF Cameroon yakhazikitsanso malo oti azimayi aku Cameroon azichita nawo zokambirana zamayiko onse. Cameroon ya World Beyond War ndi gawo la komiti yoyendetsa. Pulatifomu yamabungwe 114 ndi ma network apanga fayilo ya Memorandum ndi Advocacy pepala, komanso a Statement yomwe ikufotokoza zakufunika koti amasulidwe andende andale ndikukhala ndi zokambirana zenizeni mokomera magulu onse. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la azimayi makumi awiri a CSO / NGO ndi atsogoleri ena andale asaina ndikutulutsa makalata awiri kumabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi (UN Security Council ndi International Monetary Fund) kuwalimbikitsa kuti akakamize boma la Cameroonia kuti lipeze yankho pamavuto achi Anglophone ndikuwonetsetsa kuti boma likuyenda bwino.
Maganizo a WBW Cameroon pazowopseza mtendere
WBW Cameroon ndi gulu la anthu aku Cameroonia omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti apeze mayankho atsopano pamavuto omwe akhalapo kale. Anthu aku Cameroonia akhala akukumana ndi mavutowa kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ndipo zatsogolera dzikolo pamavuto ndikuwononga miyoyo ya anthu. WBW Cameroon idakhazikitsidwa mu Novembala 2020, kutsatira kusinthana ndi omenyera ufulu padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pazinthu zina zomwe angakakamize ngati njira yothetsera kusamvana. Ku Cameroon, WBW imagwira ntchito yolimbikitsana ndi odzipereka omwe amatsatira masomphenya akumanganso mtendere kudzera munjira zomwe sizongokhala zachiwawa zokha, komanso zomwe zimaphunzitsanso mtendere wokhazikika. Mamembala a WBW Cameroon ndi mamembala akale komanso amakono m'mabungwe ena, komanso achinyamata omwe akutenga nawo gawo koyamba pantchitoyi yomwe ikuthandizira kuti pakhale bata lamtendere.
Ku Cameroon, WBW ikugwira nawo ntchito yokhazikitsa UNSCR 1325 motsogozedwa ndi WILPF Cameroon. Mamembala ali mbali ya komiti yoyang'anira ma CSO omwe akugwira ntchito pa 1325. Kuyambira Disembala 2020 mpaka Marichi 2021 motsogozedwa ndi WILPF Cameroon, mamembala a WBW achita zokambirana zingapo zamayiko kuti apange malangizo ophatikizidwa kwa Boma, kuti apange m'badwo wachiwiri wa National Action Plan wa UNSCR 1325. Kumanga pamachitidwe omwewo, Cameroon ya World Beyond War yapanga gawo limodzi lantchito yake kufalitsa UN Resolution 2250 yokhudza Achinyamata, Mtendere, ndi Chitetezo, ngati chida chomwe chingawongolere kutenga nawo mbali kwa achinyamata panjira zamtendere, monga tidazindikira kuti ndi achinyamata ochepa ku Cameroon omwe amadziwa maudindo omwe ali nawo sewerani ngati osewera amtendere. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tidalumikizana ndi WILPF Cameroon pa 14th Meyi 2021 aphunzitse achinyamata 30 pankhani imeneyi.
Monga gawo la pulogalamu yathu yamaphunziro amtendere, WBW yasankha gulu la projekiti lomwe litenge nawo gawo Maphunziro Amtendere ndi Ntchito ya Impact Program, lomwe lapangidwa kuti lithandizire kukambirana pamtendere. Kuphatikiza apo, Cameroon ya World Beyond War yakhazikitsa pulojekiti yoloza aphunzitsi ndi ana asukulu kuti ipange mitundu yatsopano yomwe anthu angagwiritse ntchito poyang'ana. Pakadali pano, a malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuti athetse nkhanza kusukulu zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira Meyi 2021.
Poganizira zovuta zathu, WILPF Cameroon ndi Cameroon a World BEYOND War, Achinyamata a Mtendere ndi Zotsatira za NND, asankha kupanga "Otsogolera Amtendere" achichepere pakati pa anzawo, makamaka, komanso pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Kuti izi zitheke, achinyamata olimbikitsa mtendere adaphunzitsidwa pa Julayi 18, 2021. Achinyamata ndi atsikana 40, ophunzira aku yunivesite komanso mamembala amabungwe wamba, adaphunzira zida zolumikizirana ndi digito. Gulu la achinyamata lidakhazikitsidwa ndipo lidzagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chomwe adapeza poyendetsa kampeni, ndi zolinga zoyankhulirana monga kulimbikitsa achinyamata kuopsa kwamanenedwe achidani, zida zovomerezeka zothanirana ndi mawu achidani ku Cameroon, zoopsa ndi zoyipa zakulankhula kwodana Kudzera muntchitoyi, pogwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, asintha malingaliro a achinyamata, makamaka, pakusiyana kwachikhalidwe, akuwonetsa zabwino zakusiyana kwachikhalidwe, ndikulimbikitsa kukhala mogwirizana. Mogwirizana ndi masomphenya athu a maphunziro amtendere, Cameroon ya World Beyond War ikufuna kulimbikitsa chuma kuti chithandizire achinyamatawa maphunziro owonjezera kuti akwaniritse kupezeka kwawo pamawebusayiti kuti athandize mtendere.
Kuyikira Kwambiri kwa WBW Cameroon
Timagwira ntchito ku Cameroon ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, tili omasuka kwathunthu ku Africa yense. Ndife onyadira kukhala mutu woyamba wa WBW pa kontrakitala. Ngakhale zovuta zimasiyana mmaiko osiyanasiyana, cholinga chimakhalabe chofanana: kuchepetsa nkhanza ndikugwirira ntchito mogwirizana. Kuyambira pachiyambi, takhala tikulumikizana ndi omwe amalimbikitsa zamtendere mdziko muno. Pakadali pano, talumikizana ndi omenyera ufulu ochokera ku Ghana, Uganda, ndi Algeria omwe awonetsa chidwi chofuna kupanga netiweki ya WBW Africa.
Kudzipereka kwathu kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuti tichite nawo zokambirana za Kumpoto-Kumwera-Kumwera-Kumpoto kuti tikwaniritse ubale pakati pa mayiko a Africa, South South, ndi mayiko otukuka. Tikuyembekeza kuti tikhazikitsa netiweki yaku North-South-South-North kudzera ku International Peace Factory Wanfried yomwe ndi bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe ladzipereka kukhazikitsa UN Charter ndi Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Kuyanjana ndikofunikira chifukwa kumatha kukhala ngati njira yolingalirira zenizeni zakumpoto ndi Kummwera pokhudzana ndi mtendere ndi chilungamo. Palibe kumpoto kapena Kummwera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusalingana komanso mikangano, ndipo Kumpoto ndi Kummwera kuli m'boti lomwelo lomwe likupitilira kukulira chidani ndi ziwawa.
Gulu lotsimikiza kuthana ndi zotchinga liyenera kuchita zonse pamodzi. Izi zikuphatikiza kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa mapulojekiti omwe zochita zawo zimachitika m'maiko athu komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Tiyenera kutsutsa atsogoleri athu ndikuphunzitsa anthu athu.
Ku Cameroon, WBW ikuyembekeza mapulojekiti apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akhazikitsidwa mndale zapadziko lonse lapansi zodziwika bwino ndi maiko akunja omwe akuwononga ufulu wa osatetezedwa. Ndipo, ngakhale m'maiko omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi ofooka komanso osauka ngati Cameroon ndi maboma ambiri aku Africa, mwayi wokhawo amangogwira ntchito yokhazikitsa chitetezo chawo, mopweteketsa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Lingaliro lathu ndikukhazikitsa kampeni yapadziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zofunika, monga mtendere ndi chilungamo, zomwe zikuyenera kupereka chiyembekezo kwa ofooka. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha ntchitoyi yapadziko lonse lapansi idakhazikitsidwa ndi a Jeremy Corbyn kuti athandizire ofuna chilungamo. Kuthandizira kwakukulu pantchito zoterezi kumakhudza zisankho za atsogoleri ndikupanga mwayi kwa iwo omwe nthawi zambiri alibe mwayi wofotokozera nkhawa zawo. M'madera aku Africa ndi aku Cameroonia, machitidwe oterewa amalimbitsa thupi komanso kuwonetsa zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi pazomwe ochita zachitetezo akumaloko angamveke m'malo awo. Tikukhulupirira, chifukwa chake, pogwira ntchito ngati nthambi ya World Beyond War, titha kuthandizira kuti tithandizire kwambiri pazomwe anthu anyalanyaza chilungamo m'dziko lathu.
