YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA KOMITI YA MTENDERE YOPHUNZIRA KWA NDUNA YAIKULU RE ROCKET LAB
Kwa Prime Minister waku New Zealand, Nyumba Yamalamulo, Wellington
Re: kuyankha kwa boma ku kalata yathu kwa Prime Minister wa Marichi 1, 2021, yokhudza kuwopseza chitetezo ku New Zealand, ulamuliro wawo komanso zofuna zadziko chifukwa chakuwulula malo
Wokondedwa,
Tikukuthokozani chifukwa cha uthenga wanu wovomereza kuti mwalandira kalata yathu ya Marichi 1, 2021. Tikuyamikiranso mayankho ku kalata yomwe talandira kuchokera kwa Minister of Disarmament and Arms Control Hon. Phil Twyford (8 Epulo) ndi Minister of Economic and Regional Development, Hon. Stuart Nash (14 Epulo). Tikuyankha makalata awa komanso zonena za boma pankhaniyi tonse pamodzi.
Tili ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti Boma la New Zealand (NZG) lidalola Rocket Lab kuti ikhazikitse kulipira kwa Gunsmoke-J, kuti athandize US Army Space ndi Missile Defense Command kuti ikwaniritse zida zankhondo. Tikupemphanso NZG kuti iyimitse, posachedwa, kupereka ziphaso kwa onse omwe amalandila Rocket Lab pakasitomala aliyense wankhondo, podikirira kuwunikiranso kwa Outer Space and High-altitude Activities (OSHAA) Act 2017 ndi nyumba yamalamulo. New Zealand safunikira kuloleza zolipira zokayika pamilandu yankhondo kuti msika wamlengalenga uchite bwino.
Tikuyembekeza kuti tidzafunsidwa za kuwunikiridwa komwe kudzagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu ya OSHAA Act, ndikupempha chitsimikizo kuti kutenga nawo mbali pagulu lino kuchitikanso.
Zovuta zathu, zomwe tafotokozanso pansipa, ndi izi:
Rocket Lab ikukopa New Zealand kuti igwiritse ntchito mapulani omenyera nkhondo aku US mlengalenga komanso kuthekera komwe kumawonjezera kusamvana kwamayiko akunja komanso kusakhulupirirana, ndipo kumafooketsa mfundo zodziyimira pawokha zaku New Zealand.
Rocket Lab ikupangitsa Mahia Peninsula kukhala chandamale kwa adani aku US, ndipo a Mahia mana atakhulupirira kuti Rocket Lab yawasokeretsa pazomwe akufuna kuchita pazankhondo zake.
Timatsutsa mwamphamvu lingaliro loti ndi chidwi cha dziko la New Zealand kulola kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma satelayiti omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza zida zankhondo, kapena kuti uwu ndi "mtendere" wogwiritsa ntchito danga.
Kuchuluka kwachinsinsi pazinthu zina za Rocket Lab ndikosemphana ndi zomwe demokalase imachita ndikuchepetsa chikhulupiriro cha nzika m'boma
Chifukwa chaukadaulo komanso zandale, satellite ikangoyambitsidwa, ndizosatheka kuti NZG iwonetsetse kuti asitikali aku US amaigwiritsa ntchito poteteza, chitetezo kapena ntchito zanzeru zomwe zili mokomera dziko la New Zealand. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu yotsatila itha kutsutsa zomwe NZG imanena kuti zitha kutsimikizira kuti ma satelayiti omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Rocket Lab amatsatira New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone Act 1987.
Rocket Lab ikukopa New Zealand kuti ipange zankhondo zaku US komanso kuthekera kwake
Tili ndi nkhawa kwambiri, komanso kutsutsana ndi momwe ntchito za Rocket Lab - makamaka, kukhazikitsira kulumikizana kwa asitikali aku US, kuyang'anira ndi ma satelayiti, kaya akutukuka kapena akugwira ntchito - ikukopa New Zealand kulowa muukonde wa US mapulani omenyera nkhondo mlengalenga ndi kuthekera.
Izi zimasokoneza malingaliro andale odziyimira pawokha aku New Zealand ndikubweretsa funso loti ife, monga New Zealand, tikufuna kulowa nawo zankhondo zaku US. Anthu ambiri aku New Zealand, makamaka am'deralo ochokera ku Mahia Peninsula, ali ndi nkhawa ndi nkhaniyi. Monga momwe RNZ inanenera, "Zikwangwani zakwera kuzungulira [Mahia] zikunena kuti:" Palibe zomwe asitikali amapereka. Haere Atu (achoke) Rocket Lab "”.
M'kalata yathu yoyamba, tidafotokozera nkhawa za 2016 NZ-US Technology Safeguards Agreement (TSA). TSA imalola boma la US (USG) kuvotera kuyambitsa kwa danga kulikonse kuchokera ku gawo la NZ kapena kuitanitsa kwaukadaulo kwa NZ, pongonena kuti izi sizingakhale zofuna za US. Uku ndikuchotsa pang'ono koma kofunikira kwa ulamuliro wa NZ, womwe waperekedwa kuti athandize kampani yabizinesi yakunja yomwe ilandila ndalama kuchokera ku Regional Growth Fund.
Kuyambira Seputembara 2013, Rocket Lab yakhala 100% yaku US. TSA idasainidwa mu 2016 kwakukulu kuti Rocket Lab itenge ukadaulo wanzeru wa US ku New Zealand. Mwanjira ina, posainira TSA, NZG idapereka ulamuliro woyenera pantchito zonse zokhazikitsa malo a NZ kuti zithandizire kampani ya 100% yaku US. Kampaniyo tsopano ikupanga ndalama pothandiza asitikali aku US kuti apange zida zankhondo mlengalenga, kuphatikiza zida zankhondo. Izi zikutsutsana ndi mfundo zodziyimira pawokha za NZ zakunja zomwe boma limatsata.
Sitikudziwa yankho lililonse la NZG pazomwe tidakambirana pankhaniyi. Tikulimbikitsanso boma kuti liganizire zokambirananso ndi TSA kuti ichotse gawo lomwe limapatsa USG ulamuliro woyenera pantchito zokhazikitsa malo ku New Zealand.
Rocket Lab ikupangitsa Mahia kukhala chandamale cha adani aku US
Zochita za Rocket Lab zomwe zimapangitsa Mahia kukhala chandamale chaukazitape kapena kuwukira kwa adani aku US ngati China ndi Russia, pazifukwa zosachepera ziwiri. Choyamba, matekinoloje otsegulira malo ali m'mbali zambiri zovuta monga matekinoloje amisili. Rocket Lab ikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa rocket waku US kukhazikitsa ma satelayiti ankhondo aku US mumlengalenga kuchokera ku Mahia - ndichifukwa chake a TSA adakambirana. Kwa adani aku America, pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pawo, ndi asitikali aku US omwe ali ndi malo oyambira zida ku Mahia Peninsula. Chachiwiri, Rocket Lab ikukhazikitsa ma satelayiti omwe atha kuthandiza US ndi asitikali ena omwe amagula zida zaku US kuti akwaniritse zomwe zida zija zikuwongolera. Ndipo monga katswiri wazachitetezo a Paul Buchanan anena, kuyambitsa ma satelayiti monga Gunsmoke-J kuyika New Zealand pafupi kumapeto kwenikweni kwa "unyolo wakupha" waku US.
Kubisa kwambiri zinthu za Rocket Lab kumachepetsa kuyankha kwa demokalase
Pa 24 Epulo 2021, The Gisborne Herald idatinso idalandila kale ntchito ya Rocket Lab ya Gunsmoke-J yolipira, ndikuti magawo asanu mwa asanu ndi awiri omwe amapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pamalipiro adasinthidwa. Chithunzi chomwe chidasindikizidwa ndi Herald (pansipa) chikuwonetsa kuti izi zikuyimira pafupifupi 95% yazidziwitso zonse pazolipira ndipo, ziganizo ziwiri zokha sizinasinthidwe kwathunthu. Mwa awa, imodzi imati: "Asitikali aku US anena kuti satelayiti sidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ..." ndipo chigamulo chonsecho chidasinthidwa. Kusungidwa kwachinsinsi uku sikulandiridwa ndipo kumawononga zikhalidwe za demokalase pakuwonekera poyera komanso kuyankha. Monga nzika za New Zealand, tikufunsidwa kuti tivomereze kuti zolipira za Gunsmkoke-J, zomwe cholinga chake ndikuthandizira kukonza zankhondo, zili mokomera dziko la New Zealand. Komabe timaloledwa kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza izi.
Kuyang'anira nduna pawokha sikungatsimikizire kuti kulipira kuli mokomera dziko la NZ
Mayankho omwe tidalandira kuchokera kwa Minister of Economic and Regional Development komanso Minister of Disarmament and Arms Control onse akunena za lamulo loti kulipira "kukugwirizana ndi malamulo aku New Zealand komanso chidwi chadziko lonse", makamaka, ndi OSHAA Act ndi mfundo za 2019 pa chilolezo chololeza kulipira chomwe chidasainidwa ndi Cabinet. Omalizawa akutsimikizira kuti zomwe sizili mu chidwi cha dziko la New Zealand, komanso zomwe boma silingaloleze, zikuphatikiza "zolipidwa ndi cholinga chomaliza chovulaza, kusokoneza, kapena kuwononga zombo zina, kapena malo apadziko lapansi; [kapena] kulipira ndi cholinga chomaliza cholimbikitsira chitetezo, chitetezo kapena zanzeru zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mfundo zaboma. ”
Pa Marichi 9, atavomereza kulipira kwa Gunsmoke-J, Minister Nash adauza nyumba yamalamulo kuti "sakudziwa mphamvu yankhondo" yomwe amalipira, ndipo adasankha chisankho chololeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa upangiri kuchokera kwa akulu akulu ku NZ Space Agency. Tikukhulupirira kuti kuyang'anira dera lino, komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri kuulamuliro waku New Zealand komanso chidwi chadziko, kuyenera ndipo kumafunikira kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi azitumiki. Kodi Minister Nash angalimbikitse bwanji chidwi chadziko ngati sakudziwa luso lomwe Rocket Lab ikukhazikitsa m'malo mwa gulu lankhondo lachilendo?
Mwa kulola kukhazikitsidwa kwa malipiro a Gunsmoke-J, boma likutsimikiza kuti kuthandizira kukonza zida zankhondo zaku US zogwiritsa ntchito mlengalenga kuli mokomera dziko la New Zealand. Timatsutsa mwamphamvu lingaliro ili. Zina mwa zolinga za Pangano Lapanja la 1967, lomwe New Zealand ndi phwando, ndi "kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pakufufuza mwamtendere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakuthambo." Ngakhale zochitika zokhudzana ndi danga nthawi zonse zimaphatikizira magulu ankhondo, timakana lingaliro loti kuthandiza kupanga zida zankhondo zakuthambo zowunikira kuthekera ndi "kugwiritsira ntchito mwamtendere" kwa malo ndipo titha kuyanjananso ndi chidwi cha dziko la New Zealand.
Chachiwiri, satellite ikangoyambitsidwa, NZG ingadziwe bwanji "zodzitchinjiriza, chitetezo kapena zanzeru" zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito? Kodi Ndunayi ikuyembekeza kuti asitikali aku US apemphe chilolezo kwa NZG nthawi iliyonse akafuna kugwiritsa ntchito satellite ya Gunsmoke-J, kapena kuyeserera kwina kwaukadaulo komwe akugwiritsa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo, kulimbana ndi chida Padziko Lapansi? Limenelo lingakhale lingaliro lopanda tanthauzo. Koma ngati sizili choncho, NZG ingadziwe bwanji ngati ntchito yolipidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira zomwe sizikufuna New Zealand? Tikukhulupirira kuti NZG singadziwe izi motsimikiza, chifukwa chake iyenera kusiya kupereka ziphaso zokhazikitsira ndalama zonse zankhondo poyembekezera kuwunikiranso za OSHAA Act 2017, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira nyumba yamalamulo.
Zosintha zamapulogalamu zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kudziwa zonse zomwe satellite imagwiritsa ntchito
Poyankha madandaulo a kalata yathu ya Marichi 1, NZ Space Agency idayankha kuti ili ndi ukadaulo waluso "m'nyumba" kuwonetsetsa kuti kuyambitsa konse kukugwirizana ndi lamulo la 1987, ndipo kutengera ukadaulo kuchokera ku MoD, NZDF, ndi NZ mabungwe azamalamulo pakupanga zamtunduwu. Izi ndizovuta kuzindikira, chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti ndizosatheka.
Choyamba, kutha kusiyanitsa pakati pamakina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira zida za nyukiliya zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zomwe zitha kuthandizira kulimbana ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi zida za nyukiliya zimafunikira ukadaulo waluso wa zida za zida za nyukiliya. Tili odabwitsidwa kuti mamembala a NZ Space Agency, MoD, NZDF, ndi mabungwe azamisala amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi chidziwitso chotere. Tikupempha kufotokozeredwa za momwe adapangira ukadaulowu komanso komwe adapanga, mosagwirizana ndi kuphwanya lamulo la 1987.
Chachiwiri, chitsimikizo cha NZG kuti chitha kutsimikizira kuti ma satelayiti omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi Rocket Lab saphwanya Gawo 5 la 1987 Act - ndiye kuti, pothandizira kuthana ndi zida za nyukiliya mtsogolomo kapena pakupanga makina opangira cholinga chimenecho - ndi zovuta kwambiri pamawu amisiri. Mukakhala mozungulira, satellite imatha kulandira zosintha zamapulogalamu pafupipafupi, monga zida zilizonse zamakono zolumikizirana. Zosintha zilizonse zotumizidwa ku satellite yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Rocket Lab zitha kuchititsa kuti zomwe NZG idziwe kuti zitha kutsimikizira kuti satelayiti sidzaphwanya lamulo la 1987. M'malo mwake, zosintha zamapulogalamu otere zimatha kusiya NZG osadziwa zakugwiritsa ntchito satellite kulikonse.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, njira yokhayo pothetsera vutoli ndi ngati:
a) NZG isanakhazikitseko zonse zosintha zamapulogalamu zomwe asitikali aku US akufuna kutumizira ma satelayiti omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Rocket Lab omwe atha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu monga Gunsmoke-J; ndipo
b) NZG ikhoza kubwereza vesi lililonse lomwe ikukhulupirira kuti lingathandize kuphwanya lamulo la 1987. Zachidziwikire, USG sikuyenera kuvomereza izi, makamaka pamene 2016 TSA ikhazikitsa ndendende zotsutsana ndi malamulo ndi ndale: zimapatsa USG ulamuliro woyenera pantchito yokhazikitsa malo ya NZ.
Pankhaniyi, tikuwona nkhawa zomwe Komiti Yowona za Anthu Yowona Zida ndi Zida (PACDAC) idalemba m'kalata yawo ya 26 Juni 2020 kwa Prime Minister, yotulutsidwa pansi pa Official Information Act (OIA). PACDAC idazindikira kuti "mwina kungakhale koyenera kuti inu ngati Prime Minister mupeze upangiri wazamalamulo kuchokera kwa Attorney-General pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito lamuloli pamalo oyambira ku Mahia Peninsula." Malinga ndi ufulu wathu pansi pa OIA, timapempha malangizo kwa loya wamkuluyu.
PACDAC idalangizanso Prime Minister mu kalatayo kuti,
“Njira ziwiri zotsatirazi zithandizanso pakuwonetsetsa kuti lamuloli likutsatidwa;
(a) Zolemba zamtsogolo zoperekedwa ndi Boma la US ku Boma la NZ pansi pa mgwirizano wamgwirizano wamatekinoloje aukadaulo, wokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo mtsogolo, uli ndi mawu akuti zomwe zilipidwa sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, nthawi iliyonse, kuthandiza kapena kulimbitsa munthu aliyense kuti azitha kuyang'anira zida zilizonse zanyukiliya.
(b) Zilolezo zolipirira mtsogolo, zoperekedwa ndi Minister wa NZ Development for Economic under the High-altitude & Outer Space Activities Act, mwina ali ndi chitsimikiziro chotsimikiza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi NZ Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act; kapena limatsatiridwa ndi mawu ofanananso ndi zomwezo. ”
Tikugwirizana mwamphamvu ndi izi ndikupempha mayankho kuchokera kwa Prime Minister kapena kuofesi yake ku PACDAC pankhaniyi.
Pomaliza, Prime Minister, tikukulimbikitsani boma lanu kuti liyimitse kuphatikiza kophatikizana kwa New Zealand mu makina omenyera nkhondo aku US, omwe matekinoloje ake opangira malo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Pochita izi, tikukupemphani kuti mulemekeze ufulu wa mana atua a Mahia, omwe amakhulupirira kuti asocheretsedwa ndi Rocket Lab pazomwe amagwiritsira ntchito Mahia Peninsula. Ndipo tikukupemphani kuti muimirire mfundo zodziyimira panokha zakunja zomwe boma limathandizira, makamaka pobweza magawo ena a TSA omwe amapatsa USG ulamuliro woyenera pantchito yokhazikitsa malo ku New Zealand.
Tikuyembekezera mayankho anu ku mafunso ndi madandaulo omwe takambirana pano, limodzi ndi omwe adalembedwa mu kalata yathu ya 1 Marichi.
Kuchokera ku Peace Foundation's International Affairs and Disarmament committee.
