By Gulu la Zero la Pansi la Zachiwawa, January 5, 2020
Omenyera ufulu wa Puget Sound, asanafike pangano la Nuclear Ban Treaty, apempha ogwira ntchito ku Navy ku Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor: Kukana malamulo osaloledwa; Kanani kuyambitsa zida za nyukiliya.
Lamlungu, Januware 3rd, kutsatsa kwathunthu kudasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Kitsap Sun, polankhula ndi asitikali aku Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor. Kutsatsa uku ndikupempha ogwira ntchito ku Navy kuti akane lamulo loti akhazikitse zida za nyukiliya. Kudandaula komwe kuli ndi siginecha yothandizira ndi yolembedwa patsamba lathu.
Kupempha kwa Ogwira Ntchito M'gulu Lankhondo apempha makamaka kuti mamembala ankhondo -
Kanizani malamulo oletsedwa.
Kukana kupha anthu osalakwa.
Kanani lamulo loti mugwiritse ntchito zida za nyukiliya.
Kuyandikira kwathu kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zida zanyukiliya zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumatiyika pafupi ndi chiwopsezo chakomweko komanso mayiko ena.
Nzika zikazindikira gawo lawo pakuyembekeza nkhondo yankhondo, kapena chiopsezo cha ngozi ya nyukiliya, vutolo silimangokhala lotayika. Kuyandikira kwathu ku Bangor kumafuna kuyankha mozama.
Ponena za Kupempha kwa Asitikali Ankhondo, omenyera ufulu samapempha kuti asitikali asiyiretu ntchito, koma kuti atumikire molemekeza komanso malinga ndi Makhalidwe Ofanana a Chilungamo Chankhondo (UCMJ) ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.
Membala wa Ground Zero a Elizabeth Murray adati, "Omenyera ufulu wamtendere mdera la Puget Sound alankhula ndi gulu lathu motsutsana ndi zida za nyukiliya kuyambira pomwe 1970. Tazindikira kuti tili ndi nkhawa zomwezi pagulu lankhondo - nkhawa yoti kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya kumabweretsa chiwonongeko chosayerekezeka kwa anthu osalakwa komanso dziko lathu lapansi. ”
Malingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi agamula kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya ndizosaloledwa, kuphatikiza zisankho ku mayiko Khoti ya Chilungamo mu 1996; a 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights; a Msonkhano waku Geneva wa 1949; ndi Pulogalamu ya 1977 Geneva Convention.
United Nations Pangano loletsa zida za nyukiliya (TPNW) ayamba kugwira ntchito yalamulo pa Januware 22nd tsopano kuti mayiko opitilira 50 asainira ndikuvomereza. TPNW imaletsa mayiko omwe avomereza Panganoli "kupanga, kuyesa, kupanga, kupanga, kupeza, kukhala, kapena kusunga zida za nyukiliya kapena zida zina zanyukiliya." Aletsedwa kusamutsa kapena kulandira zida za nyukiliya ndi zida zaphulika, kutanthauza kuti sangalole zida zanyukiliya kuyikidwa kapena kutumizidwa m'maiko awo. Mayiko akuletsedwanso kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuopseza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya ndi zida zina zanyukiliya. Pofunika kwambiri, Article XII ya Panganoli likufuna kuti maboma omwe avomereza mgwirizanowu kuti akakamize mayiko akunja kwa Panganoli kuti asaine ndi kuvomereza. Ngakhale United States, kapena mayiko ena okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya, sanasainire TPNW.
The Makhalidwe Ofanana a Chilungamo Chankhondo (UCMJ) zikuwonekeratu kuti asitikali ankhondo ali ndi udindo wokakamira kumvera malamulo ovomerezeka ndikukhala ndi udindo wawo kutero kusamvera malamulo osaloledwa, kuphatikiza malamulo a purezidenti omwe sagwirizana ndi UCMJ. Lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino ndilamalamulo aku US osati kwa iwo omwe angapereke malamulo osaloledwa, makamaka ngati malamulowa akuphwanya malamulo ndi UCMJ.
Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor ndi malo obwerera kunyumba ku zida zazikulu kwambiri zanyukiliya ku US Nkhondo zanyukiliya zatumizidwa ku Trident Zida za D-5 on Sitima zapamadzi za SSBN ndipo zimasungidwa mobisa malo osungira zida za nyukiliya pamunsi.
Pali ma sitima asanu ndi atatu a Trident SSBN omwe aponyedwa pamenepo Bangor. Ma sitima asanu ndi limodzi a SSBN a SSB aponyedwa ku East Coast ku Kings Bay, Georgia.
Sitima yapamadzi imodzi ya Trident imanyamula zowononga zoposa 1,200 za Hiroshima bomba (bomba la Hiroshima linali ma kilotoni a 15) kapena gulu lowononga la bomba la Nagasaki 900 (ma kilotoni 20).
Sitima yapamadzi iliyonse ya Trident idakonzedwa koyambirira kwa mivi 24 ya Trident. Mu 2015-2017 machubu anayi amisili adatsekedwa pamadzi am'madzi aliyense chifukwa cha Pangano Latsopano la START. Pakadali pano, sitima yapamadzi iliyonse ya Trident imagwira ndi zida za 20 D-5 komanso mitu yankhondo yanyukiliya ya 90 (pafupifupi zida za 4-5 zankhondo iliyonse). Warheads mwina ndi a W76-1 90-kiloton kapena W88 455-kiloton warheads.
Asitikali ankhondo kumayambiriro kwa 2020 adayamba kutumiza zatsopano W76-2 mutu wankhondo wotsika pang'ono (pafupifupi ma kilotoni asanu ndi atatu) pamakombedwe apamadzi oyenda pansi pamadzi ku Bangor (kutsatira kutumizidwa koyamba ku Atlantic mu Disembala 2019). Mutu wankhondo udatumizidwa kuti uletse kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya ku Russia koyamba, ndikupanga kutsika kwapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya zaku US.
Ntchito iliyonse ya zida za nyukiliya motsutsana ndi dziko lina la zida za nyukiliya mwina lingayankhe zida zanyukiliya, zomwe zingayambitse imfa ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu. Kupatula pa zotulukapo kwa adani, kuwonongeka kwa ma radioactive kukhudza anthu amitundu ina. Zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi za anthu komanso zachuma zikadakhala zopanda malingaliro, komanso kuwongolera kwakukulu kuposa zomwe zingachitike ndi mliri wa coronavirus.
Hans M. Kristensen ndiye katswiri wanena kuti, "Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor… okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ku US ” (Onani nkhani Pano ndi Pano.) A Kristensen ndi director of the Ntchito Yaukadaulo Yanyukiliya pa Federation of American Scientists komwe amapatsa anthu chidziwitso komanso zidziwitso zakumbuyo kwa momwe asitikali a zida za nyukiliya alili ndi udindo wa zida za nyukiliya.
Udindo wapadzikoli ndi zida za nyukiliya
Kuyandikira kwathu ku zida zazikulu kwambiri za zida za nyukiliya kumatiyika pafupi ndi chiwopsezo chakomweko komanso mayiko ena. Nzika zikazindikira gawo lawo pakuyembekeza nkhondo yankhondo, kapena chiopsezo cha ngozi ya nyukiliya, vutolo silimangokhala lotayika. Kuyandikira kwathu ku Bangor kumafuna kuyankha mozama.
Nzika mu demokalase zilinso ndi ntchito-zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusankha atsogoleri athu ndikudziwitsidwa zomwe boma lathu likuchita. Sitima yapamadzi ku Bangor ili pamtunda wa makilomita 20 kuchokera mtawuni ya Seattle, komabe ndi ochepa okha nzika za m'dera lathu omwe amadziwa kuti Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor ilipo.
Nzika za Washington State nthawi zonse zimasankha akuluakulu aboma omwe amathandizira zida za nyukiliya ku Washington State. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, Senator Henry Jackson adatsimikizira Pentagon kuti ipeze malo oyenda pansi pamadzi a Trident pa Hood Canal, pomwe Senator Warren Magnuson adapeza ndalama zoyendetsera misewu ndi zovuta zina zoyambitsidwa ndi Trident base. Sitima yapamadzi yokhayo ya Trident yomwe iyenera kutchulidwa ndi dzina la munthu (komanso wakale Senator wa Washington State) ndi USS Henry M. Jackson(SSBN-730), nyumba yoyendetsedwa ku Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Mu 2012, Washington State idakhazikitsa Mgwirizano Wankhondo wa Washington (WMA), yolimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi onse a Governor a Gregoire ndi Inslee. WMA, department of Defense, ndi mabungwe ena aboma akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa udindo wa Washington State ngati "...Pulogalamu Yowonjezera Mphamvu (Strategic Ports, Rail, Roads, and Airports) [yokhala] ndi mpweya wabwino, dziko, komanso nyanja zomwe mukwaniritse ntchitoyo. ” Onaninso “mphamvu yamagetsi. "
Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor ndi makina am'madzi a Trident asintha kuyambira pomwe sitima yoyamba yamadzi yoyamba ya Trident idafika mu Ogasiti 1982. The maziko akukweza kupita kumzinga wokulirapo wa D-5 wokhala ndi mutu wankhondo wokulirapo wa W88 (455 kiloton), wokhala ndi machitidwe amakono azowongolera ndi kuwongolera. Navy posachedwapa yatumiza ang'onoang'ono W76-2 "Ochepa"
Zovuta zake
* US ikuwononga ndalama zambiri zida za nyukiliya mapulogalamu kuposa nthawi Kutalika kwa Cold War.
* US pano ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowerengera $ 1.7 zankhaninkhani, zaka zopitilira 30 pomanganso mzindawo zida zanyukiliya komanso kupanga zida zanyukiliya masiku ano.
* Nyuzipepala ya New York Times idati US, Russia ndi China akutsatira mwamphamvu mbadwo watsopano wa zida zanyukiliya zochepa komanso zowononga. Zomwe akuwopsezazo zikuwopseza kutsitsimutsa a Nkhondo Zankhondo Zazikulu Zankhondo Ndi kusakhazikitsa malire pakati pa mitundu.
* Asitikali ankhondo aku US ati Zamgululi sitima zankhondo zapamadzi zoyendera zimapatsa US "kuthekera kopitilira muyeso komanso kupilira kwanyukiliya." Komabe, ma SSBN pa doko ndi zida zanyukiliya zomwe zimasungidwa ku SWFPAC mwina ndichomwe chimayambitsa nkhondo yankhondo. Google zithunzi kuyambira 2018 akuwonetsa masisitere atatu a SSBN pamtsinje wamadzi wa Hood Canal.
* Ngozi yokhudza zida za nyukiliya idachitika November 2003 makwerero atalowa m'mphuno ya nyukiliya panthawi yomwe mfuti inali kutsitsa ku Explosives Handling Wharf ku Bangor. Ntchito zonse zogwiritsa ntchito zida zoponya zida ku SWFPAC zinaimitsidwa kwa milungu isanu ndi inayi mpaka Bangor atatsimikizidwanso kuti akuyang'anira zida za nyukiliya. Atsogoleri atatu apamwamba adathamangitsidwa, koma anthu sanadziwitsidwe mpaka zomwe adaziwulula mawailesi mu Marichi 2004.
* Mayankho pagulu kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito m'boma pa ngozi zomwe zaponyedwa mu 2003 anali mu mawonekedwe a anadabwa ndikukhumudwa.
* Chifukwa chamakono amakonzedwe komanso kukonza mapulogalamu omenyera nkhondo ku Bangor, zida za nyukiliya amatumizidwa pafupipafupi mgalimoto zosadziwika pakati pa Dipatimenti ya Energy Pantex Plant pafupi ndi Amarillo, Texas ndi Bangor base. Mosiyana ndi Navy ku Bangor, a DOE mwachangu amalimbikitsa kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi.
Zida za nyukiliya komanso kukana
Mu 1970 ndi 1980s. zikwizikwi akuwonetsa polimbana ndi zida za nyukiliya pamunsi pa Bangor komanso mazana anamangidwa. Seattle Archbishopu Hunthausen anali atalengeza kuti malo oyenda pansi pamadzi ku Bangor ndi "Auschwitz wa Puget Sound ” ndipo mu 1982 adayamba kubweza theka la misonkho yomwe adachita chifukwa chotsutsa "dziko lathu likupitirizabe kuchita nawo mpikisano wofuna kulamulira zida za nyukiliya. ”
Pa Meyi 27, 2016, Pulezidenti Obama analankhula ku Hiroshima ndikupempha kuti zida za nyukiliya zithe. Anatinso mphamvu zanyukiliya “…ayenera kukhala olimba mtima kuti achoke pamalingaliro a mantha, ndikutsata dziko popanda iwo. " Obama anawonjezera, "Tiyenera kusintha malingaliro athu pankhani yankhondo. ”
Pafupi ndi Ground Zero Center
Ground Zero Center for Nonviolent Action idakhazikitsidwa mu 1977. Pakatikati pa maekala 3.8 omwe akuphatikizana ndi malo am'madzi a Trident ku Bangor, Washington. Ground Zero Center for Nonviolent Action imapereka mwayi wofufuza zomwe zimayambitsa zachiwawa komanso kupanda chilungamo mdziko lathu ndikukumana ndi mphamvu yosintha ya chikondi kudzera kuchitapo kanthu mosachita zachiwawa. Timakana zida zonse za nyukiliya, makamaka makina a Trident ballistic missile.
Zochita Zotsatira Zomwe Zikubwera:
- Ground Zero Center for Nonviolent Action ndi World Beyond War akulipira kuti atumize zikwangwani zinayi ku Seattle mu Januware kulengeza za kuyamba kwa Pangano la Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) ndikukumbutsa nzika za Trident ballistic submarine force yomwe ili ku Kitsap County.
- Ground Zero isindikiza Zilengezo zina ziwiri Zolipidwa za Public Service mu nyuzipepala ya The Kitsap Sun - pa Januware 15th polemekeza Martin Luther King Jr., komanso pa Januware 22nd kuzindikira kulowa kwa mphamvu kwa TPNW.
- Pa January 15th, tsiku lokumbukira kubadwa kwa Martin Luther King, Jr., Ground Zero ikhala ndi phwando ku malo oyenda pansi pamadzi a Bangor Trident, kulemekeza cholowa cha Dr. King chosachita zachiwawa komanso kutsutsa zida za nyukiliya.
- Mamembala a Ground Zero azikhala ndi zikwangwani pamisewu ikuluikulu ndi misewu yayikulu ku Kitsap County ndi Seattle pa Januware 22nd kulengeza kulowa kwa TPNW.
Lumikizanani info@gzcenter.org mwatsatanetsatane wazomwe zachitika mu Januware.
