Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, January 17, 2022
M'buku latsopano, la US, lamaphunziro kwambiri la Alexander Downes lotchedwa Kupambana Kwambiri: Chifukwa Chake Kusintha Kwaulamuliro Wakunja Kumalakwika, chisembwere cha kugwetsa maboma a anthu sichingapezeke. Kusaloledwa kwake kukuwoneka kuti kulibe. Chenicheni chakuti kuyesa kugwetsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumalephera, ndi kuti kulephera kumeneko kungakhale ndi zotulukapo zowopsa, sikuloŵereramo. Koma boma lopambana likugwetsa - cholinga cha bukhuli - nthawi zambiri amakhala masoka owopsa kwambiri pazolinga zawo, zomwe zimatsogolera kunkhondo zapachiweniweni, zomwe zimatsogolera kunkhondo zowonjezereka ndi wogonjetsa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku maboma omwe sachita zomwe wogonjetsayo amafuna, ndipo ndithudi - ndipo m'malo mwake - osatsogolera ku "demokalase" mu chikhalidwe cha azungu.
Umboni ndi wochuluka kwambiri kuti kulanda kapena "kusintha boma" la Ukraine ndi US kapena Russia kungakhale koopsa ku Ukraine ndi ku US kapena Russia (o, komanso moyo wonse Padziko Lapansi ngati nukes gwiritsani ntchito) - ndikuti kulanda kwenikweni kothandizidwa ndi US kwa 2014 kwakhala kowopsa pamitundu ya omwe ali mu (ngakhale siyiri mu) bukhu la Downes.
Downes amagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wosankha bwino kwambiri wowononga, ndi zina zambiri zokwanira zina zilipo. Amayang'ana milandu ya 120 ya "kusintha kwa boma" bwino ndi 153 "othandizira" pakati pa 1816 ndi 2008. Pamndandandawu, achifwamba apamwamba akunja akugonjetsa maboma ndi United States ndi 33, Britain ndi 16, USSR 16, Prussia / Germany 14, France 11, Guatemala 8, Austria 7, El Salvador 5, Italy 5.
“Ndife Nambala Wani! Ndife Nambala Wani!”
Anthu ambiri omwe amazunzidwa ndi zigawenga za mayiko akunja ndi Honduras maulendo 8, Afghanistan 6, Nicaragua 5, Dominican Republic 5, Belgium 4, Hungary 4, Guatemala 4, ndi El Salvador 3. Mwachilungamo, Honduras anali atavala zodzutsa chilakolako ndi kupempha kwenikweni.
Downes amawunika zomwe maboma osamverawa akugwetsa ndikumaliza kuti satulutsa maboma modalirika omwe amachita momwe amafunira, nthawi zambiri "samasintha ubale pakati pa omwe akulowerera ndi zomwe akufuna" - kutanthauza kuti pali nkhondo zambiri pakati pa mayiko awiriwa, komanso kuti atsogoleri omwe adakhazikitsidwa ali pachiwopsezo. chiopsezo chotaya mphamvu mwankhanza, pamene mayiko osinthidwa ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni.
Simungaganize kuti izi zimafuna kufotokozera, koma Downes amapereka imodzi: "Lingaliro langa limafotokoza zachiwawa izi kudzera munjira ziwiri. Yoyamba, yomwe ndimati kutha kwa gulu lankhondo, ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe kusintha maboma kungabweretsere zigawenga ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni pogawikana ndi kubalalitsa magulu ankhondo omwe akufuna. Chachiwiri, vuto la atsogoleri omwe akupikisana, limafotokoza momwe zokonda zosagwirizana ndi zomwe atsogoleri awiri a atsogoleri - boma lolowererapo komanso gulu la atsogoleri - zimayika atsogoleri pamavuto omwe kuyankha zofuna za m'modzi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mikangano ndi atsogoleri. kwina, potero kumawonjezera mwayi wa mikangano ya patron-protégé ndi mikangano yapakati pa cholingacho. ”
Chifukwa chake, tsopano chomwe tikufuna ndi maboma omwe amakhala ngati ochita bwino pamachitidwe amaphunziro. Ndiye titha kuwapatsa chidziwitso ichi cha momwe upandu wogwetsa maboma (ndikupha anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri) umalephera pazolinga zake, ndipo tonse tikhala okonzeka.
Kapena timafunikira zitsanzo zamaphunziro kuti ziphatikizepo zokonda zogulitsa zida, chisoni, madandaulo ang'onoang'ono, machismo, ndi powerlust, ndikuwerengeranso zotsatira zake. Izo zikhozanso kugwira ntchito.
Kuthekera kwachitatu kungakhale kumvera malamulo, koma ndizo za anthu ang'onoang'ono osafunika.
