Wolemba Ann Wright, September 13, 2019
"Dziko lathuli ndi laling'ono kwambiri kotero kuti tiyenera kukhala mwamtendere" atero wamkulu wa bungwe la azimayi omwe anali asitikali ankhondo ku Yakutsk, Siberia, Far East Russia ndikupempha "amayi kuti agwirizane pomenya nkhondo," malingaliro omwe, ngakhale akuchita azandale athu ndi atsogoleri aboma, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe anthu wamba aku Russia komanso anthu wamba aku America amagawana.
Kupita ku Far East Russia
Ndinali ku Russia Far East, mumzinda wa Yakutsk monga gawo la nzika za Center for Citizens Initiatives kupita ku diplomacy nzika. Gulu la 45-munthu wochokera ku United States adamaliza masiku asanu akukambirana ku Moscow ndi akatswiri azachuma, aku Russia komanso chitetezo pazaku Russia kwawo, adapanga timagulu tating'ono ndipo adasamukira kumizinda ya 20 ku Russia konse kuti akumane ndi anthu kuti aphunzire Za moyo wawo, chiyembekezo chawo komanso maloto awo.
Nditafika paulendo wapaulendo wa S7 wochokera ku Moscow, ndimaganiza kuti ndiyenera kuti ndakwera ndege yolakwika. Zinkawoneka ngati ndikupita ku Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan m'malo mwa Yakutsk, Sakha, Siberia! Popeza ndimapita ku Far East Russia, ndimayembekezera kuti ambiri okwera adzakhala amtundu waku Asiya wamtundu wina, osati aku Russia aku Europe, koma sindimayembekezera kuti angafanane ndi mtundu wa Kyrgyz waku Central Asia dziko la Kyrgyzstan.
Ndipo nditatsika ndege ku Yakutsk, maora sikisi ndi maulendo asanu ndi limodzi mtsogolo, ine ndinali mu nthawi yomaliza zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ku 1994 nditafika ku Kyrgyzstan paulendo wazaka ziwiri zaku US.
Mzinda wa Yakutsk udawoneka ngati mzinda wa Bishkek wokhala ndi mitundu yofananira yazinyumba zaku Soviet, zomwe zili ndi mapaipi omwewo pamwambapa otenthetsera nyumba zonse. Ndipo monga ndidawonera m'masiku atatu ndikukumana ndi anthu m'nyumba zawo, nyumba zina zakale zaku Soviet Union zimakhala ndi masitepe ofunikira, osasamalika bwino, koma kamodzi mkati mwa nyumba, kutentha ndi kukongola kwa okhalamo zimawala.
Koma monga madera onse a Russia, kusintha kwachuma kwazaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu zapitazi kutha kwa Soviet Union kwasintha kwambiri moyo watsiku ndi tsiku waku Russia. Kusunthira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 kupita ku capitalism ndikubweza mabungwe akuluakulu aboma la Soviet komanso kutsegulidwa kwamabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati zidabweretsa zomangamanga zatsopano m'mabizinesi komanso nyumba za anthu apakati asintha mawonekedwe amizinda Russia. Kulowetsedwa kwa katundu, zida ndi chakudya kuchokera ku Western Europe kudatsegula chuma kwa ambiri. Komabe, opuma pantchito komanso omwe amakhala kumidzi omwe alibe ndalama zambiri apeza miyoyo yawo kukhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo ambiri akufuna masiku a Soviet Union pomwe akumva kuti ali otetezeka pachuma mothandizidwa ndi boma.
Kukumbukira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse: Oposa mamiliyoni a 26 Adamwalira
Mavuto a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko lonse akumverabe kwa anthu aku Russia mdziko lonselo kuphatikiza ku Far Far Russia. Opitilira nzika za 26 miliyoni a Soviet Union anaphedwa pamene a Nazi a ku Germany anaukira. Mosiyana ndi izi, aku America aku 400,000 adaphedwa m'malo owonetsera ku Europe ndi Pacific pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Banja lirilonse la Soviet lidakhudzidwa ndi achibale omwe anaphedwa komanso mabanja aku Soviet Union akuvutika ndi kusowa kwa chakudya. Kukonda kwambiri dziko la Russia masiku ano kumadalira kukumbukira kudzipereka kwakukulu zaka 75 zapitazo kuti abwezeretse kuwukira ndi kuzingidwa kwa Nazi komanso kudzipereka kuti asalole dziko lina kuyikitsanso Russia.
Ngakhale Yakutsk inali zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi komanso ma 3,000 ma eyapoti kapena ma 5400 oyendetsa galimoto kuchokera kumadzulo chakumadzulo pafupi ndi St. Petersburg ndi mayiko akum'mawa kwa Europe omwe anali atazingidwa, anthu aku Soviet Far East adasonkhanitsidwa kuti ateteze dzikolo. M'chilimwe chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, anyamata adayikidwa m'mabwato pamitsinje yomwe inkadutsa kumpoto kupita ku Arctic ndikuwatumizira kutsogolo.
Kukumana ndi Veterans ku Russia
Popeza ndine msirikali wakale wankhondo, akufumu anga adandipanga kuti ndikumane ndi magulu awiri agulu lankhondo ku Yakutsk.
Maria Emelyanova ndiye mtsogoleri ku Yakutsk wa Komiti Ya Asitikali Amayi aku Russia, bungwe lomwe lidapangidwa mu 1991 atabweranso asitikali aku Soviet kuchokera ku Afghanistan ku 1989 ndipo anali wokangalika pa Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Chechen (1994-96) pomwe Akuti asitikali aku Russia aku 6,000 adaphedwa ndipo anthu wamba pakati pa 30,000-100,000 a Chechen adamwalira pankhondoyi.
A Maria adanena kuti nkhanza za nkhondo ya Chechen monga zikuwonekera pa TV yaku Russia zidapangitsa azimayi awiri ku Yakutsk kufa ndi vuto la mtima. Achinyamata a 40 ochokera kudera la Yakutia adaphedwa ku Chechnya.
Ndidafunsa zakutengapo gawo ku Russia ku Syria ndipo adayankha kuti malinga ndi chidziwitso chake palibe magulu ankhondo aku Russia omwe ali ku Syria koma Gulu Lankhondo lilipo ndipo omenyera ufulu angapo aku Russia aphedwa pomwe US idatumiza chida ku Air Force base ku Syria. Anati imfa ndi chiwonongeko cha Syria ndizowopsa. Maria anawonjezera kuti, "Dziko lathuli ndi laling'ono kwambiri kotero kuti tiyenera kukhala mwamtendere" ndipo adaitanitsa "amayi kuti agwirizane polimbana ndi nkhondo," zomwe zikugwirizana ndi magulu ambiri aku America, kuphatikiza ma Veterans for Peace and Military Families Speak Out.
Kukakamizidwa kulowa usilikali ku Russia ndi chaka chimodzi ndipo malinga ndi Maria, mabanja satsutsana ndi anyamata kuti aphunzire usilikali chifukwa zimawapatsa ulemu komanso mwayi wopezera ntchito chaka chatha chogwira ntchito - chofanana ndi malingaliro omwe mabanja ambiri aku US adapereka-- komanso kukonda asirikali omwe adapatsidwa ntchito ku US.
Anandipatsa mwayi wokumana ndi a Raisa Fedorova, azimayi azaka 95 omwe anali msirikali wakale wankhondo yaku Soviet mu Nkhondo Yadziko II. Raisa adagwira zaka 3 mgulu lodzitchinjiriza lomwe limateteza mapaipi amafuta mozungulira Baku, Azerbaijan. Adakwatirana ndi bambo waku Yakutsk ndikusamukira ku Siberia komwe adalera ana awo. Ndi mtsogoleri wabungwe lankhondo lankhondo lachiwiri yapadziko lonse lotchedwa Katusha (dzina la roketi) ndipo amalankhula pafupipafupi kwa ana asukulu za kuwopsa komanso kuwonongeka kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ku Russia ndi anthu aku Russia. Iye ndi omenyera nkhondo ena amalemekezedwa mdera lawo chifukwa cha zopinga zazikulu zomwe mbadwo wawo umakumana nazo pakugonjetsa a Nazi.
Ndege zaku US zinachoka ku Alaska kupita ku Russia ndi oyendetsa ndege a Soviet
M'masiku ano amkangano pakati pa Russia ndi United States, ambiri amaiwala kuti panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, pansi pa pulogalamu ya Lend Lease, United States idakulitsa kwambiri mafakitale ake kuti apereke ndege ndi magalimoto ankhondo aku Soviet kuti agonjetse a Nazi. Yakutsk adagwira nawo gawo lofunikira pulogalamuyi chifukwa idakhala imodzi mwamaulendo oyimilira ndege 800 zomwe zidapangidwa ku United States ndikupita ku Fairbanks, Alaska ndi oyendetsa ndege aku America komwe oyendetsa ndege aku Soviet Union amakumana nawo kenako ndikuwuluka ndegeyo makilomita 9700 kupitilira apo Siberia yokhayokha kumadera aku Central Russia.
Fairbanks ndi Yakutsk adakhala mizinda yolumikizana kudzera pamalumikizidwe awa ndipo aliyense ali ndi chipilala kwa oyendetsa ndege ochokera ku US ndi Russia omwe anakwera ndege.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga ma eyapoti ku malo a 9 ku Siberia okhala ndi mafuta komanso kukonza malo othandizira ndege zinali zodabwitsa.
Wolemba mbiri komanso wolemba Ivan Efimovich Negenblya waku Yakutsk ndi wodziwika, wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi pulogalamuyi ndipo adalemba mabuku asanu ndi atatu okhudza mgwirizano wodabwitsa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu zapitazo pakati pa US ndi Soviet system motsutsana ndi mdani wamba.
Magulu a Mitundu ndi Dziko
Anthu omwe amakhala mdera la Yakutsk ndiwodabwitsa monga malo apadera momwe akukhalamo. Amachokera m'mafuko ambiri azikhalidwe zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa pansi paulamuliro wa Soviet kudzera mu maphunziro achi Russia. Zochitika zachikhalidwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuko akhalebe amoyo. Kuyimba, nyimbo, zaluso ndi zovala zamtundu uliwonse ndizofunika kwambiri mdera la Yakutsk.
Mosiyana ndi madera ena a Russia komwe achinyamata akuyenda kuchokera m'midzi kupita m'mizinda, anthu aku Yakutsk atsala osakhazikika 300,000. Boma la Russia likupatsa munthu aliyense ku Russia mahekitala amodzi kuti azikhala ndi maboma ku Siberia komwe kulibe anthu kuti adzaze malowa ndikuchotsa mizindayo. Mabanja atha kuphatikiza mahekitala awo kukhala malo abwino olimapo kapena mabizinesi ena. Mmodzi wakumudzi adati mwana wake wamwamuna ndi banja lake alandila malo atsopano omwe adzaukitsirako akavalo chifukwa nyama ya akavalo imadyedwa kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe. Nthaka iyenera kuwonetseratu kukhalamo ndi kupanga mkati mwa zaka zisanu kapena ikabwezeretsedwera padziwe.
People's Party for Women Of Russia yomwe ili ku Yakutsk imathandizira azimayi ndi mabanja ku Yakutsk komanso ku arctic kumpoto ndi mapulogalamu osamalira ana, uchidakwa, nkhanza zapabanja. Angelina adauza monyadira za maulendo azimayi omwe amapita kumpoto kumidzi yakutali kuti akachite "master class" mitu yambiri. Gululi likugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndi ziwonetsero pamisonkhano ku Mongolia ndipo likufuna kukulitsa kulumikizana kwawo ku United States.
Achinyamata Aku Russia Akuganizira za Chuma
Pokambirana ndi achinyamata angapo achikulire, onse omwe anali otanganidwa ndi mafoni awo, monganso achinyamata ku United States, tsogolo lawo lazachuma linali lofunika kwambiri. Malo andale anali osangalatsa, koma makamaka amayang'ana momwe andale azikonzera chuma chokhazikika. Mwatsopano, anthu aku Russia komanso mabanja ali ndi ngongole kuti athe kulipirira mwezi uliwonse. Kupezeka kwa malonda ndi kugula pangongole, zofala kwambiri ku US komwe mabanja ali ndi ngongole ya 50%, ndichinthu chatsopano m'moyo wazachuma wazaka 25. Chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole ndi pafupifupi 20% ndiye kuti mukangokhala ndi ngongole popanda kuchuluka kwachuma, ngongole imapitilira kukulira kusiya mabanja achichepere njira yovuta pokhapokha chuma chikayamba. Pokambirana za National Plan momwe $ 400 biliyoni idzagwiritsidwira ntchito pazinthu zomangamanga, zaumoyo ndi maphunziro kuti zithandizire pachuma, ena anali kufunsa kuti ndalamazo zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ziti, makampani ati adzalandira mapangano, ndikuwonetsa kukayikira kuti moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku uzikhala bwino komanso kuti kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu kumatha kudya gawo lalikulu la National Plan.
Palibe Zoteteza Pa Ndale ku Yakutsk
Sipanakhale zionetsero zandale ku Yakutsk monga zomwe zidachitika ku Moscow. Chionetsero chokhacho chaposachedwa chinali chokhudza kugwiriridwa kwa msungwana waku Yakutsk ndi bambo waku Kyrgyz. Izi zidabweretsa zovuta zosamukira ku Kyrgyz kupita ku Russia makamaka ku Yakutia ndikuwona kwathunthu. Russia ilola Kyrgyz kuti isamukire ku Yakutia kukagwira ntchito. Chilankhulo cha Kyrgyz chimachokera ku Turkey monga chilankhulo cha Yakut. Monga republic ya dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, nzika za Kyrgyzstan sizimangolankhula Chikigizi komanso Chirasha. Mwambiri, a Kyrgyz amalumikizana bwino ndi gulu la Yakutia, koma izi zadzetsa mavuto pakati pa mfundo zakusamukira ku Russia.
Kodi US ndi mdani wa Russia?
Ndinafunsa funso, "Kodi mukuganiza kuti US ndi mdani wa Russia?" kwa anthu ambiri ku Moscow ndi ku Yakutsk. Palibe munthu amene anati "inde." Anthu ambiri ananena kuti “Timakonda anthu a ku America koma sitikukonda mfundo za boma lanu.” Ambiri adati adadabwitsidwa kuti ndichifukwa chiyani boma la Russia likadasokonekera pazisankho zaku US ku 2016 podziwa kuti zolakwazo zikhala zoyipa-motero, sanakhulupirire kuti boma lawo lachita izi.
Ena ati zilango zomwe US idapereka ku Russia kuti Crimea ilandidwe mu 2014 komanso kulowererapo pazisankho zaku US ku 2016 kwapangitsa Purezidenti Putin kutchuka komanso kumupatsa mphamvu zambiri kuti atsogolere dzikolo. Palibe amene adakayikira zakulandidwaku kuti ndizosavomerezeka kapena zoletsedwa chifukwa Crimea idagwira magulu ankhondo omwe angawopsezedwe ndi omwe amapanga mapiko olondola achiukraine. Anatinso a Putin adayimilira US kuti ichite zomwe akuwona kuti ndizabwino pachitetezo cha dziko la Russia komanso chuma cha Russia.
Iwo ati moyo pansi paulamuliro wa a Putin udakhala wosakhazikika ndipo mpaka zaka zitatu zapitazi, chuma chikuyenda bwino. Gulu lapakati lapakati latuluka mu chipwirikiti cha m'ma 1990. Kugulitsa magalimoto aku Japan ndi South Korea kudakulirakulira. Moyo m'mizinda udasinthidwa. Komabe, moyo m'midzi unali wovuta ndipo ambiri adasamuka m'midzi kupita kumizinda kukapeza ntchito komanso mwayi wokulirapo. Okalamba opuma pantchito zimawavuta kukhala pantchito ya penshoni. Akulu amakhala ndi ana awo. Palibe malo osamalira akulu ku Russia. Aliyense ali ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo kudzera kuboma ngakhale zipatala zachipatala zikukula kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ndalama zolipira payekha. Ngakhale zida zamankhwala ndi mankhwala akuyenera kukhala opanda zilango, ziletso ku US zakhudza kutengera zida zina zamankhwala.
Makalabu Ozungulira Amabweretsa Anthu Aku America Ndi Russia Kumodzi
Omwe andilandira ku Yakutsk anali mamembala a Rotary Club International. Makalabu a Rotary akhala ali ku Russia kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980 pomwe aku America Rotarians adayendera mabanja aku Russia kudzera ku Center for Citizens Initiatives kenako ndikubwezera ndikuitanira anthu aku Russia kuti apite ku US Tsopano pali mitu yopitilira 60 ya Rotary ku Russia. Rotary International ili nawo adagwirizana ndi mayunivesite asanu ndi atatu padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange Rotary Centers for International Study pamtendere ndi kusamvana. Rotary imapereka ndalama kwa akatswiri 75 chaka chilichonse kwa zaka ziwiri zamaphunziro omaliza mu umodzi wamayunivesite asanu ndi atatu padziko lonse lapansi.
Msonkhano wotsatira padziko lonse wa Rotary International uzikhala mu June 2020 ku Honolulu ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti abwenzi ochokera ku Rotary chaputala ku Russia atha kupeza ma visa ku US kuti adzakhale nawo.
PermaICE, Osati Permafrost !!!
M'nyengo yozizira, Yakutsk amadziwika kuti ndi mzinda wozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi nthawi yapakati yozizira -40 digiri Centigrade. Mzindawu umakhala pamtunda wambiri, ma 100 mita mpaka kilomita imodzi ndi theka bulangeti lakuda lomwe limangoyenda pang'ono pansi pa Siberia, Alaska, Canada ndi Greenland. Permafrost ndi dzina lolakwika monga momwe ndikudziwira. Iyenera kutchedwa PermaICE ngati ayezi wake, osati chisanu chomwe ndi chipale chofewa kwambiri chobisika pansi pa mapazi ochepa chabe apadziko lapansi.
Pamene kutentha kwanyengo kukutentha padziko lapansi, madzi oundana ayamba kusungunuka. Kumanga kuyamba kulemba ndi kumira. Ntchito yomanga tsopano ikufuna kuti nyumba zizimangidwa pamayendedwe oyendetsa ndege kuti asachokere pansi ndikutchingira kutentha kwawo kuti kungathandizire kusungunuka kwa PermaICE. Chipale chofewa chachikulu kwambiri chapansi panthaka chikasungunuka, sikuti mizinda yakunyanja yapadziko lonse lapansi idzasefukira, komanso madzi azidzayenda mpaka kumayiko. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yotchedwa permafrost yojambulidwa paphiri la madzi oundana kunja kwa Yakutsk imapereka mwayi wowona kukula kwa madzi oundana kumpoto kwa pulaneti. Zojambula pa ayezi pamitu yamoyo waku Yakutian zimapangitsa kuti nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ikhale yapadera kwambiri yomwe ndidawonapo.
Mammoth Woolly Amasungidwa ku PermaICE
Ma permafrost amathandizira mbali ina yapadera ya Yakutia. Kusaka nyama zakale zomwe zimayendayenda padziko lapansi zaka makumi masauzande zapitazo kunakhazikitsidwa pano. Pomwe chipululu cha Gobi ku Mongolia chimanyamula zotsalira za ma dinosaurs ndi mazira awo, madzi oundana a Yakutia agwira zotsalira za mammoth aubweya. Maulendo opita kudera lalikulu lotchedwa Sakha, lomwe Yakutia ndi gawo lake, adakwanitsa kupeza zotsalira za mammoth aubweya, zotetezedwa bwino mwakuti magazi amayenda pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pamtembo umodzi pomwe adawumbidwa kuchokera kumanda ake achisanu mu 2013 Asayansi anatenga zitsanzo za nyama ndipo akuisanthula. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za nyama yosungidwa, asayansi aku South Korea akuyesera kupanga mammoth aubweya!
“Dziko Lathuli Ndilaling'ono Kwambiri Mwakuti Tiyenera Kukhala Mwamtendere”
Chomwe ndimakhala ndikakhala ku Yakutsk, Far East Russia, ndikuti anthu aku Russia, monga aku America, akufuna kuti mkangano pakati pa andale aku US ndi Russia ndi akuluakulu aboma athe popanda kukhetsa magazi.
Monga ananenera a Maria Emelyanova, wamkulu wa Komiti Ya Asitikali Amayi aku Russia adati, "Dziko lathuli ndi laling'ono kwambiri kotero kuti tiyenera kukhala mwamtendere."
Ann Wright adagwira zaka 29 ku US Army / Army Reserves ndipo adapuma pantchito ngati Colonel. Anali kazembe waku US kwa zaka 16 ndipo adasiya ntchito mu 2003 motsutsana ndi nkhondo yaku US ku Iraq.
