Wolemba Paul W. Lovinger, July 20, 2017, Nkhondo ndi Law League.
Ndemanga ya Mpanda
Donald Trump, yemwe amadzitamandira ndi luso lake la mgwirizanowu, adati pa May 1 adzakhala wolemekezeka kukumana ndi mtsogoleri wa North Korea.
Tsopano akuimba mlandu kumpoto kwa "khalidwe loopsa kwambiri," akuganiza "zinthu zovuta kwambiri” monga momwe asitikali amaperekera "zosankha." Ndipo mkulu wamkulu waku US ku South Korea, Vincent Brooks, akuchenjeza kuti atha kuyambitsa nkhondo nthawi iliyonse.
Chinasintha n’chiyani? Moon Jae-in adapambana pachisankho cha Purezidenti waku South Korea mu Meyi, atalonjeza ubale wabwino ndi Pyongyang. Pa July 4 kumpoto adalengeza kukhazikitsa kwake kwa mzinga wautali. Kodi asitikali athu akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi North kuukira America kapena zamtendere kutichotsa ku Korea?
"Zosankha" za asitikali mwina siziphatikiza njira yamtendere. Koma ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizirika yopeŵera tsoka. Nkhondo yaku Korea ya 1950-53 idapha mamiliyoni - popanda zida zanyukiliya.
Ngati Trump amakhulupirirabe luso lake lopanga mgwirizano, muloleni apite ku Pyongyang, la Nixon ku Beijing. Iye adzalandiridwa.
Pepala lochokera ku Tokyo Chosun Sinbo, yemwe amadziwika kuti Pyongyang pakamwa pakamwa, akuti "kupewa nkhondo ndi kufunafuna njira zopezera njira zothetsera izo mwa zokambirana zaukazembe yakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri yomwe mayiko sangakwanitse. tembenukani. "
Zokambirana ndi North Korea zitha kukwaniritsa, monga zaka zapitazo. Mbali zonse ziwiri zitha kuyimitsa kuwonetsa mphamvu: Kuyesa kwa zida za kumpoto ndi masewera ankhondo aku US-South Korea. North Korea ikhoza kuyimitsa kupanga zida zake, pamene tikuthetsa zilango ndikupereka chakudya.
Musayembekezere kuti wolamulira wankhanza waku Northern Kim Jong-un awononge ma nukes usiku umodzi. Akuwafuna, osati kuti aukire, kutanthauza kudzipha, koma kuti apewe tsogolo la Saddam Hussein ndi Muammar Qadaffi. Kim sakhulupirira dziko lomwe lidagwetsa maboma ku Chile, Guatemala, Iran, Iraq, Libya, ndi Panama ndipo akufuna kuti boma la Syria lisinthe.
Kupatula apo, ndi ulamuliro wamakhalidwe uti womwe utsalira pambuyo pa kuphulitsa kwa mabomba kwa A ndi kupanga zikwi za mabomba akuluakulu? Trump adatsimikiziranso dongosolo la Obama la pulogalamu ya madola thililiyoni kuti "asinthe" zida zathu za nyukiliya ndi machitidwe awo operekera (kuphwanya Pangano la Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty) ndipo - monga North Korea - adanyanyala ndondomeko ya UN kuti athetse mgwirizano wa nyukiliya.
Tamverani mwambi wakuti, “Ugwira ntchentche zambiri ndi uchi kuposa ndi vinyo wosasa.” M’malo moopseza Kim, yesani kumulemekeza. Iye ndi wakupha, koma chomwechonso Donald J. Trump, yemwe monga phungu adalonjeza mobwerezabwereza mtendere koma pulezidenti akumenya nkhondo yowonjezereka. Lekani kuchitira South Korea ngati chidole chathu ndipo mulole South ilankhule ndi North.
Mchitidwe wozizira wa Trump ku China unasungunuka pambuyo pa msonkhano wake ndi Purezidenti Xi Jinping. Msonkhano wa Trump-Kim ungapangitse anthu aku Korea kupuma mosavuta.
Kuopseza nkhondo
General Brooks ali wokonzeka kuyambitsa nkhondo nthawi iliyonse, ndi (Julayi 4) mawu. "Kudziletsa" kokha kumatilepheretsa kuukira, chisankho chomwe tingasinthe nthawi iliyonse.
Kulimbana ndi malonda ankhondo, koma ntchito ya mkulu wankhondo sikungoyambitsa malonda, mwachitsanzo, kulimbikitsa nkhondo poputa adani ndi ziwopsezo. Asilikali athu ankhondo akuyenera kulamulidwa ndi anthu wamba. Kodi Brooks amalankhula za Trump? Kodi a Trump amusiya kuti alankhule ndipo - choyipa - kuchitapo kanthu?
Kaya kuchita ziwawa kapena kusachita ziwawa kungadalire pa zofuna za mtsogoleri muulamuliro wankhanza, osati m’dziko lolingaliridwa la malamulo, pansi pa malamulo oyendetsera dziko.
Pofotokoza za lamulo lathu lalikulu, Hamilton analemba kuti pulezidenti monga mkulu wa asilikali ndi "General ndi Admiral" (Federalist, 69, 1788). Koma "ndilo dera lapadera komanso lapadera la Congress, pamene dzikoli lili pamtendere, kusintha dzikolo kukhala nkhondo" ("Lucius Crassus" 1, 1801).
Poopseza nkhondo, Brooks anaposa ulamuliro wake ndipo anaphwanya Charter ya United Nations. Monga mgwirizano, ndi lamulo la federal. Anasainidwa ku San Francisco mu 1945 makamaka kuti athetse “mliri wa nkhondo.”
Kuchokera mu Ndime 2: "Mamembala onse adzathetsa mikangano yawo yapadziko lonse lapansi mwamtendere…. Mamembala onse azipewa ubale wawo wapadziko lonse kuwopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi kukhulupirika kapena ufulu wandale wa dziko lililonse…. ”
Onani kuti kuopseza Nkhondo ikuphwanya Charter, osasiya kuyambira cha nkhondo.
Lamulo lina lomwe lingadabwitse Brooks - ndi Purezidenti Trump, yemwe ntchito yake yaikulu ndikuwona kuti malamulowo akuchitidwa mokhulupirika - ndi Pact of Paris, yomwe imadziwika kuti Kellogg-Briand Pact. Maphwando adalonjeza kusiya nkhondo ngati chida cha mfundo za dziko ndikuthetsa mikangano kapena mikangano mwamtendere.
Idasainidwa mu 1928 ndi oimira mayiko 15, kukopa ena ambiri pambuyo pake, ikugwirabe ntchito. Frank Kellogg, mlembi wa boma pansi pa Purezidenti Coolidge, ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku France Aristide Briand adathandizira. Senate inavomereza mu 1929, panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Hoover. Kuphwanya kwake kudakhala maziko oimba mlandu atsogoleri a Nazi ndi Japan chifukwa chaupandu.
Zaka zamagazi
Nkhondo yaku Korea idatenga zaka zitatu, 1950-1953, kutha ndikukhazikika komanso kumenyera nkhondo pansi pa Purezidenti Eisenhower.Chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa North Korea cha 1.77 miliyoni, 1.55 mwa iwo anthu wamba - gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu mwa anthu aku North - akuti Magwero ankhondo aku US. Imfa zambiri zimachokera Kuphulika kwa mabomba ku US. Asitikali aku South Korea akuti anthu wamba 991,000 adamwalira, kuvulala, kapena kusowa kumwera. Mazana zikwizikwi a Chinae “odzipereka” nawonso anagonja.Imfa zaku America zidakwana 54,000 (chiwopsezo choyambirira), kapena 37,000 (chiwopsezo cha Pentagon chosinthidwa zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake), malinga ndi almanacs akale ndi atsopano.Congress sinalole nkhondo. Kutanthauzira kuukira kwa North-South (mmodzi mwa ambiri) ngati "zankhanza za Chikomyunizimu," Purezidenti Harry S Truman - yemwe adanena kuti anali woyipa pambuyo pake pakuwononga nyukiliya ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki mu 1945 - adachita yekha potumiza magulu ankhondo. Kenako adapempha bungwe la UN Security Council kuti liyime "zapolisi" zake popanda nthumwi za Soviet (kutsutsa kuti Red China sinakhale pansi).Ochepa a Congress, makamaka Senator Robert A. Taft (R-Ohio), adayesetsa kutsutsa kulanda mphamvu zankhondo za Congress. Ena adayamikanso "kulimba mtima" kwa Truman - ngati kuti adadzipereka kutenga mfuti ndikuyika moyo wake pachiswe.Bungwe la Congress likadatsutsa ndikuchotsa Truman, kubweretsa asilikali kunyumba, sikuti miyoyo yambiri ingapulumutsidwe, komanso upandu wake waukulu wopanga nkhondo mosaloledwa sukanatsanziridwa ndi apurezidenti wotsatira.Anaphatikizapo Johnson ndi Nixon ku Indochina; Reagan ku Latin America ndi Middle East; Bush Sr. ku Panama ndi Iraq; Clinton ku Iraq, Yugoslavia, ndi mayiko ena asanu; Bush Jr. ku Afghanistan, Iraq, ndi Pakistan; ndi Obama - pulezidenti woyamba wa 100% panthawi ya nkhondo - ku Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libya, Yemen, Iraq, ndi Syria. Trump amatsanzira ndikuchulukitsa kupha anthu osayeruzika ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, ndi Yemen, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo mikangano ndi Russia ku Syria.
Njira yabwino
Ndi oŵerengeka amene amadziŵa chimene nkhondo zimenezo zakhala ziri kapena angatchule zotulukapo zabwino zilizonse zochokera ku mwazi ndi kuvutika. Komabe, anthu aku America ambiri - atsogoleri kuphatikiza - amasangalala ndi malingaliro opotoka awa:
- "Chidwi chathu chadziko" chimalungamitsa kutayika kwa miyoyo.
- Zili kwa mkulu wa asilikali kuti ayambe nyenyezit nkhondo.
- Mayiko akunja kwenikweni ndi mabwalo athu omenyera nkhondo, osati anthu kwawo.
The [paintaneti] Atlantic, July 5, anafotokoza mfundo ina yokayikitsa: Chifukwa chakuti mgwirizano wa asilikali, osati pangano, unathetsa mkanganowo, Korea “idakali m’gulu lankhondo. mkhalidwe wankhondo.” Ayi, Congress sinanenepo kuti a mkhalidwe wankhondo ndi aku Korea. Lang'anani, gulu lankhondo limatha kuthetsa nkhondo. Amereka kale ankakondwerera Tsiku la Armistice pa November 11 aliyense, kusonyeza kutha kwa Nkhondo Yaikulu.
Komabe, pochenjeza za "kuthekera kwa zotsatira zowopsa" za nkhondo ina yaku Korea, wolemba, Krishnadev Calamur, sapeza mtsutso pano.In Atlantic magazini, July/August 2017, Mark Bowden akuti “Momwe Mungathanirane ndi North Korea.” Kutsegula mochititsa mantha ndi kuphulika kwa mzinga ku Los Angeles, akuwona "palibe njira zabwino," zina zoipa kuposa zina. Amaphatikizapo (1) “Kuteteza,” kuukira kwakukulu, komwe kungapambane koma kuyambitsa kupha anthu ambiri; (2) “Kutembenuza zomangira,” kuukira kocheperako, komwe kungayambitse kuyankha kotheratu; (3) “Kudulidwa mutu,” kupha Kim, kovuta kwambiri; (4) "Kuvomereza," kumulola kuti apange ma ICBM okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya pomwe akupitilizabe zoletsa, kuphatikiza kuwononga komanso kupsinjika kwachuma.
Bowden amasankha njira 4. Zonse zinayi zimakhudza kusayeruzika.
Anyalanyaza lachisanu, a zabwino mwina. Ndilo lololedwa lokhalo ndipo silivulaza aliyense. Ndime 33 ya UN Charter ikuwunikira njira iyi: Maphwando pa mkangano uliwonse wowopsa wapadziko lonse "ayenera, choyamba, kufunafuna njira yothetsera vuto mwa kukambirana, kufunsana, kuyanjanitsa, kuyanjanitsa, kuthetseratu, kuthetsa milandu, kutembenukira ku mabungwe achigawo kapena makonzedwe, kapena zina. njira zamtendere zomwe asankha.”
Njira imeneyo ndi mtendere.
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