Ndi Robert C. Koehler
"Munthu wina akafunsa kuti, 'N'chifukwa chiyani mumachita zimenezi?' Yankho lanu ndilo, 'Kotero, iwo amangokhala, si anthu. Izo sizimapanga kusiyana kulikonse komwe iwe umawachitira iwo; iwo si anthu. '
"Ndipo chinthu ichi chapangidwa mwa iwe," Cpl. John Geymann anachitira umboni pafupifupi zaka 44 zapitazo ku Winter Soldier Investigation, yomwe inachitikira ku Detroit, yomwe inathandizidwa ndi Veteran ku Vietnam. "Zimangobwera m'mutu mwanu mukamadzuka mumsasa wa boot mpaka mutadzuka mukakhala mfulu."
Mwala wapangodya wa nkhondo ndi chiwonongeko. Ichi chinali phunziro la Nam, kuchokera Operation Ranch Hand (kutaya kwa galoni mamiliyoni a 18 a herbicides, kuphatikizapo Agent Orange, ku nkhalango za Vietnam) kupita ku My Lai kuti agwiritse ntchito napalm ku bomba la Cambodia. Ndipo Kufufuza Kwa Msilikali wa Zima kumayambitsa ndondomeko ya chiwonongeko.
Inali nthawi yodabwitsa komanso yovuta kwambiri m'mbiri ya nkhondo. Koma-tangoganizani chiyani? - kumvetsera kwa masiku atatu, kumene asilikali a 109 Vietnam ndi asilikali a 16 anatsimikizira za momwe maiko a ku America amachitira ku Vietnam, sakuwonekera pa "ndondomeko yolumikizana"A webusaiti ya Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo, yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito yovomerezeka, monga momwe Pulezidenti Obama adalengeza, chaka cha 50 cha nkhondo.
Izi sizodabwitsa, ndithudi. Mfundo yoopsya yopanda tsatanetsatane, yomwe ili pamalopo, komanso pulezidenti - "adayendayenda m'nkhalango ndi mpunga wa mpunga, kutentha ndi mchenga, kumenyana kuti ateteze maganizo omwe timawakonda monga Achimereka" - ndi "zabwino-ify" nkhondo yowonongeka, idzachotsa chiwonongeko, kubwezeretsa chidziwitso cha anthu kudziko lakunyoza mosamveka ntchito zonse za usilikali ku United States ndikuchotsa "Vietnam Syndrome" kuchokera kudziko.
Nanga bwanji ngati pakati pa 2 ndi 3 miliyoni a Vietnamese, Laotians ndi Cambodia anaphedwa mmenemo, pamodzi ndi asilikali a ku America a 58,000 kudzipha pambuyo pake)? Nkhondo yoipa si kanthu koma vuto kwa iwo amene akufuna kulandira yotsatira. Zinatenga nthawi yambiri yobwezeretsanso ndalama zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa nkhondo, zomwe sizikuthandizira anthu ambiri. Mwinamwake kubwezeretsa Vietnam kudziko la ulemerero wonyenga ndi gawo la ndondomeko yaikulu kuti anthu a ku America azisangalala ndi nkhondo zake zonse, motero, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro (ndi chenicheni) la nkhondo yosatha.
Webusaiti ya Chikumbutso cha Nkhondo ya ku Vietnam ikuyambitsa kukankhira kwakukulu, monga Omwe Ankhondo a Mtendere "kufotokoza kwathunthu"Msonkhano; ndi pempho, lolembedwa ndi akatswiri owonetsa zachiwawa monga Tom Hayden ndi Daniel Ellsberg, akudandaula kuti ziwonetsero zolimbana ndi nkhondo mu '60s ndi' 70s ziphatikizidwa monga gawo la nkhondo. Ndikuvomereza, ndithudi, koma ndikufulumira kuwonjezerapo kuti pali zambiri zowonjezera pano kuposa kulondola kwa mbiri yakale.
Monga mtolankhani wa nthawi yayitali ndi katswiri wa Middle East Phyllis Bennis anauza New York Times, "Simungathe kulekanitsa izi kuti zithetse nkhondo zoopsa za zaka za 50 zapitazo kuchokera ku nkhondo zoopsa za lero."
Ndimabwereza kuti: Mwala wapangodya wa nkhondo iliyonse ndi chiwonongeko, njira yoopsya ndi zotsatira zosatha komanso zosatha. Ndipo nkhondo ya Vietnam inali yoyamba yomwe kudodometsa kwathunthu kwa njirayi, kuchotsedwa ulemerero wonse ndi kufunika kwachinyengo, kunafika pozindikira kuzindikira kwa anthu.
Khama la webusaitiyi lothandizira kuthetsa chidziwitso chimenechi ndi lopweteka. Poyambirira, mchitidwe wa kuphedwa kwa My Lai unatchulidwa ngati "chochitika." Kutsutsa kwa anthu kumakakamiza webusaitiyi kuluma chipolopolo ndikuvomereza, mu March 16, mndandanda wa 1968: "Americal Division ipha mazana a Vietnamese anthu wamba pa Lai My. "
Kukumana. Iyo inali nkhondo yabwino, chabwino? Lai yanga inali chabe yowonongeka. Wopereka nsembeyo anagwidwa, anayesedwa, anaweruzidwa. . .
Koma monga umboni wa olemba mazira a Winter Winter komanso mabuku ndi zolemba zambiri zimawonekera momveka bwino, My Lai sizinali zovuta koma izi sizinali zachilendo: "Iwo amangokhala, si anthu."
Monga Nick Turse ndi Deborah Nelson adanena mu nkhani ya 2006 mu Los Angeles Times ("Kupha Kwachinsinsi Sikupanda Chilango"), pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza maofesi a Army declassified: "Kuchitira nkhanza sikunangokhala ndi magulu angapo osokoneza bongo, Times kubwereza maofayi opezeka. Iwo anawululidwa m'magulu onse ankhondo omwe ankagwira ntchito ku Vietnam. "Malembawa anatsimikizira zochitika za 320 zozunza, kuzunza kapena kupha anthu ambiri ku Vietnam, ndipo ambirimbiri amawafotokozera koma osatsutsika, analemba.
Nkhaniyi imalongosola mwatsatanetsatane zochitika zambiri za kuphedwa kwachisawawa kwa anthu a ku Vietnam ndipo zikuphatikizapo kalata munthu wotchedwa Sergeant yemwe sanadziwe dzina lake anatumizidwa ku Gen. William Westmoreland ku 1970, "yomwe inafotokoza kupha anthu osawerengedwa ndi a 9th Infantry Division ku Mekong Delta - ndipo amaimbidwa mlandu wochokera kwa akuluakulu kuti azikhala ndi thupi. "
Kalatayi inati: "Mtsinje wina umatha kupha 15 kwa 20 [anthu] tsiku. Ndi zida za 4 mu gululi zomwe zingakhale 40 kwa 50 tsiku kapena 1200 ku 1500 mwezi, zosavuta. Ngati ndili ndi 10% chokha, ndipo ndikukhulupirirani zambiri, ndiye ndikuyesera kukuuzani za kuphedwa kwa 120-150, kapena mwezi wanga uliwonse kwa chaka chimodzi. "
Ndipo pali zochuluka kwambiri. Zina mwa umboniwo ndizosautsa, monga Sgt. Joe Bangert Umboni ku Winter Soldier Investigation:
"Mutha kufunsa a Marines omwe akhala ku Vietnam - tsiku lanu lomaliza ku United States pamsasa wa asilikali ku Camp Pendleton muli ndi phunziro laling'ono ndipo limatchedwa phunziro la kalulu, kumene abambo a NCO amachokera ndipo ali ndi kalulu ndipo ndikuyankhula ndi inu za kuthawa ndi kuthawa ndi kukhalabe m'nkhalango. Ali ndi kalulu ndiyeno patangotha masekondi angapo pambuyo pake aliyense atayamba kukondana nacho - osakondana nayo, koma, mukudziwa, iwo amakhala mwamtundu mmenemo - amathyola mu khosi, amavala zikopa izo. Iye amachita izi kwa kalulu - ndiyeno amaponyera mabala mkati mwa omvetsera. Mukhoza kupeza chilichonse chimene mukufuna, koma ndilo phunziro lanu lomalizira lomwe mumagwira ku United States musanapite ku Vietnam komwe amatenga kaluluyo ndipo amaipha, ndipo amawachotsa, ndipo amasewera ndi ziwalo zake ngati zinyalala ndipo zimaponyera ziwalo pamalo onsewo ndipo anyamatawa amaikidwa pa ndege tsiku lotsatira ndikuwatumizira ku Vietnam. "
Zambirizi ndi zomveka bwino: Asilikali a ku America adakakamizidwa kuchokera pamwamba, ndithudi, ataphunzitsidwa ndi kulamulidwa, kuti athetse "mdani" - kuphatikizapo anthu, kuphatikizapo ana - monga anthu. Ngozi yonse yomwe inatsatira inali yodalirika. Ndipo monga ziweto zovulaza makhalidwe omwe anthu ochokera ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan akupitiriza kutidziwitsa, akadali njira yomwe timapitira ku nkhondo.
Robert Koehler ndi wolemba mphoto, wolemba nyuzipepala ku Chicago komanso wolemba mabuku. Bukhu lake, Kulimba Mtima Kumakula Pachilonda (Xenos Press), akadalipo. Mulankhulane naye koehlercw@gmail.com kapena pitani pa webusaiti yake wambachi.biz.
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