Kamodzi Air Force Base…

Wolemba Pat Mkulu, October 21, 2019

Kuipitsidwa kwa Lethal ku Norton Air Force Base ku San Bernardino, California ikuwopseza thanzi la anthu 35 patatha zaka zambiri kuti maziko atsekedwe.

Norton Air Force Base inali malo osungiramo zinthu zakale komanso zonyamula katundu wonyamula katundu, china ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya ku Amazon yotseketsa zida zankhondo kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Pamene maziko adatseka mu 1994, Air Force idadziwa momwe poizoni wazungulira, ngakhale ochepa anali kuganiza motero. Norton adayamba ku 1940 ngati maziko a Army Air Corps. Zaka za 79 pambuyo pake, maziko ake amasiya cholowa m'nthaka youma, madzi apansi panthaka, ndi madzi padziko.

Mokulira, kuipitsa koopsa komwe kwasiyidwa ndi Air Force ndi Per- and Poly Fluoroalkyl Subitu, kapena PFAS, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thovu panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. 

Onani LIPOTI LOMALIZA LOFUFUZA SITE KWA FILIMU YOLEMBEDWA YOPHUNZITSA MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO, Ogasiti 2018. Kuyendera malowa kunachitika ndi Aerostar SES LLC ku Air Force Civil Injiniya. Kuyendera kunayikidwa kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa PFOA, PFOS, kapena kuchuluka kwake m'madzi apansi panthaka. Kuwunikiraku kunapatsidwanso mwayi wodziwa njira zamadzi akumwa zaumoyo wa anthu, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, muchepetse zovuta pamadzi akumwa.

Madzi apansi panthaka yoyambayo adapezeka kuti adayipitsidwa ndi PFOS pamlingo wa magawo 18.8 pa trilioni. Asayansi a Harvard akuti 1 ppt ndiwowopsa. Zitsanzozo zidatengedwa kuchokera pansi pansi - 229.48 mpaka 249.4 mapazi pansi pa nthaka. Kupezeka kwa ma carcinogen awa 249.4 mapazi pansi kukuwonetsa kutalika kwa mankhwala omwe alowerera m'madzi ozama kwambiri kuyambira pomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu 1970. "Mankhwala osatha" abwera padziko lapansi pamlingo wa 5 mapazi pachaka. 

California idakhazikitsa posachedwa magawo azidziwitso ya PFOS ku 6.5 ppt ndi PFOA ku 5.1 ppt yamadzi akumwa, kutanthauza kuti madzi apansi panthaka a Norton amakhala pafupifupi katatu kuposa mulingowo. Nthaka idapezeka kuti ili ndi ma micrograms a 5,990 pa kilogalamu (μg / kg) ya PFOS, yomwe imaposa kasanu kuposa muyeso wa EPA wodzifunira wa 1,260 µg / kg.

Kuyendera malowa kuli ndi gawo lazoyankha ndi mayankho pomwe owongolera amafunsa Gulu Lankhondo kuti lifotokozere ndi zina zambiri. Gulu Lankhondo likutsimikizira kuti "njira yodziwitsira madzi akumwa siyokwanira." Mwanjira ina, Gulu Lankhondo likuti palibe njira yoti PFAS ipezere madzi akumwa. EPA ikuti isanakwane kuti amalize izi potengera zomwe a Air Force apereka. 

EPA yapempha Gulu Lankhondo kuti lipereke zambiri zokhudzana ndi kusamuka kwa AFFF kuchokera kumadera omwe apezeka kuyambira nthawi yomwe amaperekedwayo. Pakadali pano, a Air Force akuti ma carcinojeni asamukira ma 4 mamailosi, pomwe EPA ikufunsa manambala, kutanthauza kuti iyenera kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri. EPA ikupempha kuyesa kwa Air Force kuyesa zitsime zakunyumba ndi zowonetsera anthu mkati mwa 4 mamailosi oyambira.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri, Air Force yaletsa zotsatira zoyeserera za PFAS zomwe zingawononge dothi ndi madzi apansi panthaka zomwe zimapezeka Kumanga 694 ndi Facility 2333. Air Force imasiyanso zokambirana za pampu ndi njira zamankhwala zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zingapo ku Norton. Ndikosiyidwa kofunikira chifukwa dongosololi lidakhudza kusuntha kwa AFFF. EPA idapempha Gulu Lankhondo kuti lipereke zidziwitso zakomwe zitsime zomwe zimafufuzira zikukhudzana ndi madera a AFFF, agwira ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji, momwe madzi amathandizidwira ndikutulutsidwa, ndi zina zambiri. 

Zinthu zonsezi ndizofunikira pakudziwitsa zomwe zingachitike paumoyo wa anthu. Mtundu womwewo wa obfuscation ukuchitika m'magulu onse a Trump Administration, koma apa, mabodza awo amakhudza thanzi lathu.

Pansipa pali gawo la zolembedwa pakati pa oyang'anira madzi aku California ndi Gulu Lankhondo. Zimatithandizanso kudziwa chikhalidwe cha kuipitsidwa. Werengani malingaliro a a Stephen Niou, a ku dipatimenti yaku California ya Poizoni (DTSC) ndi a Patricia Hannon a Santa Ana Regional Water Control Board Board. Kenako, werengani mayankho kuchokera ku Air Force.

A Air Force mwachionekere akhazikitsa lamuloli, "Maganizo a PFOS atha kukhala pachiwopsezo ku thanzi la munthu. Komabe, pakalibe malamulo oyendetsedwa ndi boma kapena boma, kuchitapo kanthu sikuvomerezeka mpaka milingo iyi itakonzedwa ndikukhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa kuopsa kwa thanzi la anthu kuchokera ku PFAS m'nthaka sikumvetsetsedwa bwino ndipo kulibe miyezo yokhazikitsidwa, mayankho ochepetsa pakadali pano sioyenera. " 

Gulu Lankhondo lodalira EPA ndi Congress kuti lithane ndi zovuta pomwe likupitilirabe poizoni pagulu. Kugwira ntchito kwa EPA pamalopo, monga zikuwonetsedwa apa, ndikotamandika, koma kukana kwake, pamlingo wothandizirana, kukhazikitsa milingo yovulaza yokwanira yamankhwala onse a PFAS ndiyowonongeka.

Norton AFB yakale ili kudzanja lamanja la chithunzi ichi. Mtsinje wa Santa Ana umayenda kuchokera pansi kupita ku Corona. Onani chipinda chomwe chimawerengera pafupi ndi Corona kumunsi / pakati pa mapu. Dera ili ndi magawo awiri omwe amadziwika kuti angaipitse chilengedwe ndi PFAS: US Air Force ndi bungwe la 3M, lomwe lili ku Corona. 3M ndipo Gulu Lankhondo lakhala likuwopseza anthu aku America mobisa - ndipo akunama za mibadwo iwiri.

Addendum

Kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS kwa dera la Santa Ana lochitidwa ndi Norton Air Force Base ndi gawo chabe lazinthu zoyipitsidwa ndi malowa. Ena mwa mankhwala owopsa kwambiri omwe amadziwika alipo m'dothi, pansi pamadzi, pamadzi, ndi mumlengalenga m'chigawo chozungulira Norton. Gulu Lankhondo linali losasamala mu kayendetsedwe kake ka dzikolo. 

Zotsatirazi mankhwala oopsa amapezeka pamalo omwe kale anali Norton Air Force Base. Onani a Agency for Toxic Subindows and matenda a Registry's Mbiri Zaukatswiri kuti mudziwe zambiri za zoipitsa zilizonse. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amalowa mthupi lathu kuti ayambitse khansa, matenda, ndi kufa:  

Zosokoneza 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2- DICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE (CIS NDI TRANS) MIXTURE), 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, BENZENE, BENZO (B) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO (K) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO [A] ANTHRACENE, BENZO [A] PYRENE, BERYLLIUM, CADMIUM, CHLORDANE, DIPOTEROSI WA CHLORINATED NDI FURans, CHLOROBENZENE, CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHROMIUM, CHRYSENE, CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, COPPER, CYANIDE, DICHLOROBENZENE (AMBIRI AMODZI), ETHYLBENZENE, INDENO (1,2,3-CD) PYRENE, LEAD, MERCURY NAPHTHALENE, NICKEL, BIPHENYLS POLYCHLORINATED (Ma PCB), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB), POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS), RADIUM-226, SELENIUM SILVER, TETRACHLOROETHENE, THALLIUM, TOLUENE, TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, TRICHLOROETHENE, XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS), ZINC.