Wolemba Tomohiro Osaki, Ogasiti 3, 2020
kuchokera Japan Times
Kuphulika kwaposachedwa kwa buku la coronavirus m'malo ankhondo aku US ku Okinawa kwawunikiranso zomwe ambiri amawona kuti ndi ufulu wakunja wosangalatsidwa ndi asitikali aku America pazaka makumi angapo za US-Japan Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA).
Pansi pa ndondomekoyi, asitikali ankhondo aku US amapatsidwa mwayi wapadera kuchokera ku "malamulo ndi malamulo aku Japan pasipoti ndi visa," zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwuluka molunjika m'mabwalo ndikupewa dongosolo lolimba loyesa ma virus lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu adziko pama eyapoti.
Kusatetezedwa kwawo kuyang'anira olowa ndi chikumbutso chaposachedwa cha momwe ogwira ntchito ku SOFA alili onse koma "pamwamba pa lamulo" ku Japan, zomwe zikufanana ndi zochitika zofananira m'mbuyomu pomwe mgwirizano wa mayiko awiriwa udalepheretsa zoyesayesa za akuluakulu adziko kuti afufuze, ndi kutsata ulamuliro, milandu ndi ngozi zokhudzana ndi asitikali aku America - makamaka ku Okinawa.
Magulu a Okinawa awonetsanso momwe ulamuliro wa Japan monga dziko lolandirira ulili wofooka kuposa anzawo ena ku Europe ndi Asia omwe amathandiziranso asitikali aku US, omwe akuyitanitsa ku Okinawa kuti akonzenso dongosololi.
Mbiri yakale
Posaina limodzi ndi pangano lokonzedwanso la US-Japan Security Treaty mu 1960, mgwirizano wamayiko awiriwa umafotokoza za ufulu ndi mwayi womwe mamembala ankhondo aku US ali ndi ufulu ku Japan.
Mgwirizanowu ndiwofunikira kosalephereka kuti dziko la Japan likhale ndi asitikali aku US, pomwe dziko lopanda mtendere limadalira kwambiri ngati cholepheretsa.
Koma mawu amene chimangocho chazikidwapo kaŵirikaŵiri amawonedwa kukhala osapindulitsa ku Japan, akumadzetsa kukaikira ulamuliro.
Kupatula pa chiphaso chaulere cha anthu otuluka, imapatsa US mphamvu zoyang'anira zoyambira zake ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya Japan pakufufuza zaupandu ndi milandu yomwe aku US akukhudzidwa. Palinso anthu omasuka ku malamulo a kayendetsedwe ka ndege ku Japan, kulola dziko la US kuchititsa maphunziro oyendetsa ndege pamalo otsika omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa madandaulo.
Kusintha kwina kwapangidwa mwanjira ya malangizo ndi mapangano owonjezera pazaka zambiri, koma chimangocho sichinachitikepo kuyambira pomwe chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1960.
Kusafanana komwe kumayenderana ndi panganoli kwachitika mobwerezabwereza, kuwunika mozama nthawi zonse zomwe zidachitika, zomwe zidayambitsa kuyikonzanso - makamaka ku Okinawa.
Monga gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri mdziko muno la US, Okinawa adakhalapo ndi zigawenga zowopsa zomwe zidachitika ndi asitikali, kuphatikiza kugwiririra anthu am'deralo, kuwonongeka kwa ndege ndi zovuta zaphokoso.
Malinga ndi Okinawa Prefecture, zolakwa za 6,029 zinachitidwa ndi asilikali a ku America, ogwira ntchito wamba ndi mabanja pakati pa 1972 - pamene Okinawa anabwezeretsedwa ku ulamuliro wa Japan - ndi 2019. Panthawi yomweyi, panachitika ngozi za 811 zomwe zinkakhudza ndege za US, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa ndege ndi kugwa. magawo.
Anthu okhala pafupi ndi Kadena Air Base ndi Marine Corps Air Station Futenma m'chigawochi atsutsanso boma lapakati mobwerezabwereza kuti liyimitse, ndikuwononga, maphunziro oyendetsa ndege pakati pausiku ndi asitikali aku US.
Koma mwina chifukwa chachikulu cha célèbre chinali kuwonongeka kwa 2004 kwa helikopita ya US Marine Corps Sea Stallion pa campus ya Okinawa International University.
Ngakhale kuti ngoziyi inachitika pa katundu waku Japan, asitikali aku US adalanda ndipo adatsekereza pomwe ngoziyo idachitika, ndikuletsa apolisi aku Okinawan ndi ozimitsa moto kulowa mkati. Chochitikacho chinawonetsa mzere wodekha waulamuliro pakati pa Japan ndi US pansi pa SOFA, ndipo zotsatira zake zidapangitsa kuti maphwando awiriwa akhazikitse malangizo atsopano a malo omwe sachitika ngozi.
Kodi vu?
Lingaliro la asitikali aku US ngati malo opatulika osayendetsedwa ndi malamulo aku Japan alimbikitsidwa panthawi ya mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi wa coronavirus, pomwe ogwira nawo ntchito amatha kulowa mdzikolo molingana ndi malamulo awo okhala kwaokha omwe mpaka posachedwa sanaphatikizepo kuyezetsa kovomerezeka.
Malinga ndi Ndime 9 ya dongosolo lomwe limapereka chitetezo kwa asitikali ku pasipoti ndi malamulo a visa, ambiri ochokera ku US - malo otentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a coronavirus - akhala akuwulukira kumalo oyendetsa ndege ku Japan osayesedwa kovomerezeka pama eyapoti azamalonda.
Asitikali aku US ayika anthu omwe akubwera m'ndende kwa masiku 14 yotchedwa restriction of movement (ROM). Koma mpaka posachedwapa sikunali kulamula kuyesa kwa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kwa onsewo, kuyesa okhawo omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za COVID-19, malinga ndi mkulu wa unduna wakunja yemwe adauza atolankhani kuti asatchulidwe.
Sizinafike pa Julayi 24 pomwe US Forces Japan (USFJ) idachitapo kanthu mochedwa kuyezetsa kovomerezeka, kulengeza kuti onse ogwira ntchito pa SOFA - kuphatikiza asitikali, anthu wamba, mabanja ndi makontrakitala - akuyenera kudutsa mu COVID-19. kuyesa musanatulutse ku ROM yovomerezeka ya masiku 14.
Ogwira ntchito za SOFA, komabe, amafika kudzera pa ndege zamalonda. Anthuwa akhala akuyesedwa pama eyapoti monga momwe boma la Japan laperekera, ngakhale akuwonetsa kapena ayi, watero mkulu wa unduna wakunja.
Ndi anthu aku America omwe sangathe kulowa ku Japan pakadali pano chifukwa choletsedwa kuyenda, mamembala omwe akubwera a SOFA adathandizidwa mofanana ndi nzika zaku Japan zomwe zikufuna kulowanso.
"Ponena za servicemen, ufulu wawo wolowa ku Japan umatsimikiziridwa ndi SOFA poyambirira. Ndiye kukana kulowa kwawo kungakhale kovuta chifukwa zikusemphana ndi SOFA,” adatero mkuluyo.
Makhalidwe ndi ulamuliro wosiyana
Mkhalidwewu wasiyana kwambiri ndi mayiko ena.
Ngakhale momwemonso zili pansi pa SOFA ndi US, South Korea yoyandikana nayo idaonetsetsa kuti asitikali onse aku US ayesedwe atafika kale kwambiri kuposa momwe Japan idachitira.
Gulu la United States Forces Korea (USFK) silinayankhe pempho loti lifotokoze nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mfundo yoyeserera idayamba.
Mawu ake pagulu, komabe, akuwonetsa kuti kuyeserera kolimba kwa asitikali kudayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo. Chidziwitso kuyambira pa Epulo 20 chidati "munthu aliyense wogwirizana ndi USFK yemwe abwera ku South Korea kuchokera kutsidya lina" adzayesedwa kawiri panthawi yomwe ali yekhayekha kwa masiku 14 - akalowa ndikutuluka - ndipo akuyenera kuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa nthawi zonse ziwiri kumasulidwa.
Mawu osiyana kuyambira Lachinayi akuwonetsa kuti mfundo zoyesa zomwezi zidalipobe, pomwe USFK inanena kuti "ndi umboni wa njira zopewera za USFK zoletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka."
Akiko Yamamoto, pulofesa wothandizira maphunziro a chitetezo ku yunivesite ya Ryukyus komanso katswiri wa SOFA, adati kusiyana kwa asitikali aku US pakuyesa pakati pa Japan ndi South Korea mwina sikungagwirizane ndi zomwe ma SOFA awo amafotokozera.
Popeza mitundu yonse iwiri ipereka ulamuliro wokhawo wa US kuti uziyang'anira maziko ake, "Sindikuganiza kuti South Korea imapatsidwa mwayi wina uliwonse pansi pa SOFA kuposa Japan pankhani yoyesa asitikali aku US atafika," adatero Yamamoto.
Choncho, kusiyana kwake kukukhulupiriridwa kukhala kwandale.
Malamulo aku South Korea akuyesa mwamphamvu kuyambira pomwe akupita, komanso kuti maziko aku US mdzikolo angoyang'ana kwambiri pazandale ku Seoul, akuwonetsa kuti "olamulira a Moon Jae-in ayenera kuti adakakamira kwambiri kuti asitikali aku US agwiritse ntchito molimba mtima. -matenda opatsirana," adatero Yamamoto.
Kwina konse, kusokonekera kwa SOFA yaku Japan ndi US mwina kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu.
Lipoti la 2019 la Okinawa Prefecture, lomwe limafufuza momwe asitikali aku US ali kunja kwa dziko, likuwonetsa momwe mayiko ngati Germany, Italy, Belgium ndi United Kingdom adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro waukulu ndikuwongolera asitikali aku America ndi malamulo awo apakhomo pansi pa North. Bungwe la Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) SOFA.
"Asitikali aku America akasamuka kuchoka ku membala wa NATO kupita kudziko lina, amafunikira chilolezo cha mayiko omwe akuwalandira kuti asamuke, ndipo mayiko omwe akukhala nawo amaloledwa kuyika anthu omwe akubwera okha okha," adatero Yamamoto.
Australia, nayonso, itha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ake okhala kwaokha kwa asitikali aku US pansi pa US-Australia SOFA, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Okinawa Prefecture.
Mtsinje uliwonse wa US Marine womwe ukupita ku Darwin, likulu la Northern Territory ku Australia, "adzawunikiridwa ndikuyesedwa kuti ali ndi COVID-19 atafika ku Australia, asanakhazikitsidwe kwa masiku 14 kumalo otetezedwa mwapadera ku Darwin," Linda. Reynolds, nduna ya chitetezo ku Australia, adatero m'mawu kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Kutseka kusiyana
Madandaulo akukula kuti chiphaso chaulere choperekedwa kwa anthu a SOFA omwe afika ku Japan chikhalabe chopumira pakuyesayesa kwa boma ndi ma municipalities kuthana ndi kufalikira kwa buku la coronavirus.
"Kupatsirana komwe kukukulirakulirabe ku US komanso ku America aliyense yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka, njira yokhayo yopewera kachilomboka ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa omwe akuchokera ku US," adatero Yamamoto. "Koma mfundo yoti ogwira ntchito ku SOFA amatha kuyenda momasuka chifukwa chongokhala ogwirizana ndi asitikali amachulukitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda."
Ngakhale USFJ tsopano yalengeza kuti kuyezetsa kwa onse omwe akubwera kukuyenera kuchitika, izi zichitikabe mosayang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu aku Japan, zomwe zikuyambitsa funso la momwe kukakamizako kukhale kovuta.
Pamsonkhano wake ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja Toshimitsu Motegi ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo Taro Kono mwezi watha, Gov wa Okinawa Denny Tamaki adapempha boma lalikulu kuti lichitepo kanthu pakuyimitsidwa kwa mamembala a SOFA kuchokera ku US kupita ku Okinawa, komanso kukonzanso SOFA kuti ipange. iwo amatsatira malamulo aku Japan okhala kwaokha.
Mwina podziwa kutsutsidwa kotereku, USFJ idapereka mawu osowa kwambiri ndi Tokyo sabata yatha. M'menemo, idatsindika kuti "zoletsa zazikulu zowonjezera" tsopano zaikidwa pazitsulo zonse za Okinawa chifukwa cha chitetezo chaumoyo chapamwamba, ndipo analumbira kuti kuwululidwa kwa milandu kukhale koonekera bwino.
"GOJ ndi USFJ akutsimikiziranso kudzipereka kwawo pakuwonetsetsa kuti pali mgwirizano watsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza maboma omwe akukhudzidwa, komanso pakati pa akuluakulu azaumoyo, ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apewe kufalikira kwa COVID-19 ku Japan," chikalatacho chinati.
