Zowonera ndi Zowoneka ku Russia

Ndi Rick Sterling | May 30, 2017.
Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 31, 2017: Mawu Osiyanasiyana.

Introduction

Kwa milungu yopitilira iwiri Meyi uno, nthumwi za anthu 30 aku America adayendera zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi mizinda khumi kudutsa Russia. Yopangidwa ndi Sharon Tennison of Pulogalamu Yoyambira Zigawo, gulu lonse linayamba ku Moscow ndi masiku angapo a misonkhano ndi maulendo, kenako anagawanika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kupita ku mizinda kuphatikizapo Volgograd, Kazan (Tatarstan), Krasnodar (pafupi ndi Black Sea), Novosibirsk (Siberia), Yekaterinburg ndi Crimea mizinda Simferopol, Yalta ndi Sevastopol. Pambuyo pa maulendo am'maderawa, nthumwi zinasonkhananso ku St Petersburg kuti zifotokoze zomwe anakumana nazo. M'munsimu muli ndemanga yachidule yogwirizana ndi zomwe ndinaona ku Kazan ndi zomwe ndinamva kwa ena.

Zowona ndi Zowona

* Zilango za azungu zasokoneza chuma cha Russia koma zalimbikitsa ulimi. 

Zogulitsa kunja ndi zogulitsa kunja zakhudzidwa ndi zilango za Kumadzulo zomwe zinaperekedwa ku 2014. Gawo la alendo lakhala lovuta kwambiri ndipo kusinthanitsa maphunziro pakati pa Russia ndi USA kwasokonezedwa kapena kutha. Komabe, zilangozo zalimbikitsa ndalama komanso kukulitsa ulimi. Tinauzidwa kuti alimi akunena kuti ‘Musachotse chilangocho!

* Oligarchs ena aku Russia akupanga ndalama zazikulu zamagulu.

Mwachitsanzo, bilionea Sergei Galitsky wapanga malo ogulitsa kwambiri ku Russia, Magnit supermarket. Galitsky waika ndalama zambiri m'nyumba zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimapanga nkhaka, tomato ndi masamba ena apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagawidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu ku Russia.

* Zipembedzo zayambikanso ku Russia.

Matchalitchi a Orthodox ku Russia atsitsimutsidwa ndipo masamba agolide akunyezimira pamanyumba atchalitchi. Misikiti yachisilamu yakonzedwanso ndikumangidwanso. Msikiti watsopano wokongola kwambiri ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la Kremlin ku Kazan, Tatarstan. Pali Asilamu ambiri ku Russia. Izi kafukufuku imaika chiŵerengerocho pa mamiliyoni khumi ngakhale kuti tinamva kuyerekezera kokwera kwambiri. Tinaona zitsanzo zambiri za umodzi ndi mgwirizano wa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, ndi Maimamu achisilamu akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi ansembe achichepere a tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Tidamvanso nkhani za momwe mipingo idagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati ndende kapena malo osungiramo chakudya m'nthawi ya Stalin.

* Russia ikuwoneka kwambiri kummawa.

Chizindikiro cha ku Russia cha chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mitu iwiri chimayang'ana kummawa ndi kumadzulo; ndi dziko la Eur-Asia. Ngakhale kuti Ulaya ndi yofunikabe pazandale komanso pazachuma, Russia ikuyang'ana kwambiri kummawa. Russia "Strategic Partner" ndi China - pazachuma, ndale komanso zankhondo. Pali kuchuluka kwa alendo aku China komanso kusinthana kwamaphunziro ndi Russia. Mu bungwe la United Nations Security Council maiko awiriwa amakonda kuvotera limodzi. Ndalama zazikuluzikulu zakonzedwa kuti zithandizire pamayendedwe otchedwa "Initiative Belt ndi Road” kulumikiza Asia ndi Europe.

* Russia ndi dziko la capitalist lomwe lili ndi gawo lolimba laboma.

Boma ndilofunika kwambiri kapena limayang'anira magawo azachuma monga zoyendera za anthu onse, makampani ankhondo / chitetezo, kuchotsa zinthu, maphunziro ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo.  Mabizinesi aboma amawerengera pafupifupi 40% ya ntchito yonse. Ali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chapadziko lonse lapansi mogwirizana ndi maphunziro apadera komanso malo azachipatala. Mabanki ndi malo ovuta omwe ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera komanso kulephera / kutha kwa mabanki ambiri mzaka khumi zapitazi. Tinamva madandaulo kuti makampani akunja akunja amatha kulowa ndikuwongolera magawo azachuma, kuthamangitsa opikisana nawo aku Russia ndikutengera phindu kunyumba.

* Pali chikhumbo china cha dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union ndi malingaliro ake achikomyunizimu.

Tinakumana ndi anthu ambiri amene amalankhula mosangalala za masiku amene kunalibe munthu wolemera kwambiri kapena wosauka kwambiri ndiponso pamene ankakhulupirira kuti cholinga cha anthu n’chapamwamba. Tidamva izi kuchokera kwa anthu kuyambira wabizinesi wopambana mpaka woyimba nyimbo za rock wazaka za Soviet. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthuwa akufuna kubwerera ku masiku a Soviet, koma amazindikira kuti kusintha kwa Russia kuli ndi ubwino ndi kuipa. Pali kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa kutha kwa Soviet Union ndi chipwirikiti chachuma cha m’ma 1990.

* Pali zoulutsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandizira boma ndi zipani zotsutsa.

Pali ma TV atatu akuluakulu omwe amayendetsedwa ndi boma. Pamodzi ndi izi, pali mawailesi ambiri achinsinsi omwe amadzudzula boma komanso kuthandiza zipani zosiyanasiyana zotsutsa. M’manyuzipepala, manyuzipepala ndi magazini ambiri amatsutsa boma.

* Zoyendera za anthu onse n’zochititsa chidwi.

Misewu ya ku Moscow ndi yodzaza ndi magalimoto atsopano. Panthawiyi, mobisa pali kudya, ndalama komanso kothandiza njira yapansi panthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe. Metro ya ku Moscow imanyamula anthu 40% ochulukirapo kuposa masitima apamtunda a New York. Panjira zazikulu masitima amafika masekondi 60 aliwonse. Ena mwa masiteshoni ndi opitilira 240 mapazi mobisa ndi escalator yayitali kwambiri ku Europe. Masitima apakatikati a mizinda monga Sapsan (Falcon) amatenga okwera pakati pa St. Petersburg ndi Moscow pa 200 kms pa ola limodzi. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi liwiro, sitimayi ndi yosalala komanso yabata. Ndi njira yosangalatsa yowonera kumidzi yaku Russia ngati munthu akudutsa ma ramshackle dachas, midzi yokongola komanso mafakitale osiyidwa anthawi ya Soviet. Ntchito yayikulu yatsopano yamayendedwe ndi mlatho pakati pa Krasnodar ndi Crimea peninsula. Kanema wamfupi uyu zithunzi kapangidwe.

* Putin ndi wotchuka.

Kutengera ndi yemwe mumafunsa, kutchuka kwa Putin kukuwoneka kuti kuli pakati pa 60 ndi 80%. Pali zifukwa ziwiri: Choyamba, kuyambira pomwe adakhala mtsogoleri chuma chakhazikika, ma oligarch achinyengo adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo moyo udakwera kwambiri. Chachiwiri, Putin akuyamikiridwa kuti adabwezeretsa ulemu wapadziko lonse ku Russia komanso kunyada kwa dziko kwa nzika zaku Russia. Ena amati “M’zaka za m’ma 1990 tinali mtundu wa anthu opemphapempha.” Anthu aku Russia ali ndi chidwi chonyadira dziko lawo ndipo olamulira a Putin abwezeretsa izi. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti Putin akuyenera kupuma chifukwa chazovuta komanso ntchito zambiri. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense amamukonda kapena amaopa kunena zimenezo. Wotitsogolera waku Moscow adakondwera kutiwonetsa malo enieni omwe ali pamlatho kunja kwa Kremlin komwe amakhulupirira kuti Putin adapha m'modzi mwa adani ake. Anthu ena aku Russia omwe tidalankhula nawo amanyoza izi zomwe zimakhulupiriridwa kumayiko akumadzulo. Ponena za milandu yakuti Putin ndi "wolamulira wankhanza", pafupifupi ophunzira a 75 ku Crimea anaseka poyera pamene anafunsidwa za chikhulupiriro cha Azungu.

Mkangano Wandale Wamakono

* Anthu aku Russia amakayikira kwambiri milandu yokhudza "kulowerera" kwa Russia pachisankho cha US.

Katswiri wina wazandale zakunja, Vladimir Kozin, adati "Ndi nthano kuti Russia idakhudza zisankho zaku US." Iwo amasiyanitsa zoneneza zosatsimikizirika ndi umboni woonekeratu wakuti dziko la United States linalowerera zisankho zapita za Russia, makamaka m’zaka za m’ma 1990 pamene chuma chinali chokhazikika ndipo umbanda, ulova ndi chipwirikiti zinadzaza dzikolo. The udindo wa US. mu "kuwongolera" chisankho cha Boris Yeltsin mu 1995 ndi odziwika kwambiri ku Russia, monganso ndalama za US za mabungwe Osagwirizana ndi Boma ku Ukraine zisanachitike ziwawa ndi 2013-2014.

* Pali chikhumbo chachikulu chofuna kukonza ubale ndi US

Tinakumana ndi anthu ambiri a ku Russia omwe anachita nawo zosinthana ndi nzika za US m'ma 1990. Pafupifupi anthu onse a ku Russia amenewa ankakumbukira bwino za ulendo wawo komanso alendo amene analandira ku US M'madera ena tinakumana ndi anthu amene anali asanakumanepo ndi munthu wolankhula Chimereka kapena Chingelezi. Nthawi zambiri anali osamala koma okondwa kumva kuchokera kwa nzika zaku America zomwe zikufunanso kukonza ubale ndikuchepetsa mikangano.

* Malipoti aku Western atolankhani okhudza Crimea ndi opotozedwa kwambiri. 

Nthumwi za CCI zomwe zidayendera ku Crimea zidakumana ndi nzika zingapo komanso atsogoleri osankhidwa. Derali ndi “lokongola modabwitsa” ndipo mapiri amatsikira m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea. Sizinatchulidwe Kumadzulo, Crimea inali mbali ya Russia kuyambira 1783. Pamene Crimea inasamutsidwa ku Ukraine mu 1954, yonseyo inali mbali ya Soviet Union. Zigawenga zidauza nthumwi za CCI kuti zidakhumudwitsidwa ndi ziwawa komanso ziwawa zomwe zidakhudzidwa ndi kulanda boma ku Kiev. Ma convoys mabasi ochokera ku Crimea anali anaukira ndi kuvulala ndi kufa pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Kiev. Boma latsopano loukira boma linati Chirasha sichinalinso chinenero chovomerezeka. Zigawenga zinapangana mwachangu ndikuchita a Referendum kudzipatula ku Ukraine ndi "kugwirizanitsa" ndi Russia. Ndi 80% ya ovota omwe adalembetsa nawo, 96% adavota kuti alowe nawo ku Russia. Munthu wina wa ku Crimea anauza nthumwi za CCI kuti, “Tikadapita kunkhondo kuti tisiyane ndi Ukraine.” Ena adawona chinyengo cha Kumadzulo chomwe chimalola mavoti odzipatula ku Scotland ndi Catalonia, komanso zomwe zimalimbikitsa kudzipatula kwa Croatia, koma amakana mavoti ochulukirapo komanso kusankha kwa anthu aku Crimea. Zilango zotsutsana ndi zokopa alendo zikuwononga chuma cha Crimea komabe anthu ali ndi chidaliro pa chisankho chake. Anthu a ku America amene anapita ku Crimea anasangalala kwambiri ndi kulandiridwa kwawo mwachikondi ndiponso mwaubwenzi. Chifukwa cha zilango, anthu aku America ochepa amapita ku Crimea ndipo adalandiranso nkhani zambiri. Poyankhapo, akuluakulu a ndale ku Ukraine adadzudzula nthumwizo kuti ndi "adani a dziko la Ukraine" ndipo adalemba mayina awo pamndandanda woletsedwa.

* Anthu aku Russia amadziwa ndikuopa nkhondo.

Anthu aku Russia mamiliyoni makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri adamwalira mu WW2 ndipo zomwe zidachitikazi zidasungidwa m'chikumbukiro cha Russia. Kuzinga kwa Nazi ku Leningrad (tsopano ku St Petersburg) kunachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu kuchokera pa 3 miliyoni kufika pa 500 zikwi. Kuyenda m'manda a anthu ambiri kumabweretsa kuzunzika komanso kulimba mtima kwa anthu aku Russia omwe mwanjira ina adapulumuka kuzingidwa kwa masiku 872 pamzindawu. Chikumbutso cha nkhondocho chimakhalabe chamoyo kupyolera mu zikumbutso ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwakukulu kwa anthu. Nzika zimanyamula zithunzi za achibale awo amene anamenya nkhondo kapena kufa pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, yotchedwa “Gulu Losakhoza kufa“. Ku Kazan, kugubaku kudakhudza anthu 120 - 10% ya anthu onse amzindawu - kuyambira 10 am mpaka 9 koloko masana. M'dziko lonse la Russia, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akutenga nawo mbali. Maulendo ndi ziwonetsero zosonyeza kuti "Tsiku Lachipambano" ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zikondwerero.

* Anthu a ku Russia akuona kuti akuopsezedwa.

Ngakhale atolankhani aku Western akuwonetsa kuti Russia ndi "yaukali", anthu aku Russia ambiri amawona mosiyana. Iwo onani US ndi NATO ikuwonjezera bajeti zankhondo, ikukula pang'onopang'ono, kupita kumalire a Russia, kuchoka kapena kuphwanya mapangano akale ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi oyambitsa nkhondo. Izi mapa zikuwonetsa momwe zinthu ziliri.

* Anthu aku Russia akufuna kuchepetsa mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Purezidenti wakale Gorbachev adati kwa gulu lathu "Kodi America ikufuna kuti Russia ingogonjera? Ili ndi dziko lomwe silingathe kugonjera. " Mawu awa ali ndi tanthauzo lowonjezereka chifukwa anali Gorbachev yemwe adayambitsa ndondomeko yakunja ya Perestroika yomwe inatsogolera ku mbali yake ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union. Gorbachev analemba za Perestroika motere: “Chotsatira chake chachikulu chinali kutha kwa Cold War. Nyengo yaitali ndi yothekera kupha m’mbiri ya dziko, pamene mtundu wonse wa anthu unali m’chiwopsezo chosalekeza cha tsoka la nyukiliya, inatha.” Komabe ife tiri mu Cold War yatsopano ndipo chiwopsezo chayambanso.

Kutsiliza

Ngakhale zaka zitatu zakulangidwa pazachuma, mitengo yotsika yamafuta komanso nkhondo yayikulu yakumayiko akumadzulo, anthu aku Russia akuwoneka kuti akuchita bwino. Anthu aku Russia padziko lonse lapansi akuwonetsa chikhumbo champhamvu chofuna kupanga ubwenzi ndi mgwirizano ndi US Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zikuwoneka kuti aku Russia sadzachita mantha. Safuna nkhondo ndipo sangayiyambitse, koma akaukiridwa adzadziteteza monga momwe amachitira m’mbuyomu.

Rick Sterling ndi mtolankhani wofufuza. Amakhala ku SF Bay Area ndipo atha kulumikizana naye rsterling1@gmail.com. Werengani nkhani zina za Rick.