Wolemba Elliott Adams
Pamwamba, Makhoti a Nuremberg anali khoti lomwe linasonkhanitsidwa ndi opambana omwe amaimba mlandu otayika. Ndizowonanso kuti zigawenga zankhondo za Axis zidayesedwa ngakhale zigawenga za Allied War sizinali choncho. Koma panthaŵiyo panali nkhaŵa yaikulu ponena za kuletsa nkhondo zachiwembu kuposa kuimbidwa mlandu kwa zigaŵenga zankhondo, popeza kuti palibe amene analingalira kuti dziko likhoza kupulumuka nkhondo ina yapadziko lonse. Cholinga sichinali kubwezera koma kupeza njira yatsopano yopitira patsogolo. The Tribunal mu Chiweruzo chake inati "Milandu yotsutsana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi imachitidwa ndi amuna, osati ndi mabungwe osamvetsetseka, ndipo pokhapokha polanga anthu omwe achita zolakwa zotere ndi momwe malamulo a mayiko angakwaniritsire."
Nuremberg inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhani yachilungamo ya wopambana panthawiyo. Ndi Nuremberg opambanawo adasiya chilango chovomerezeka cha ogonjetsedwa. Chisonkhezero cholangidwa amene anayambitsa nkhondo yomwe inapha anthu mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu ziwiri, kuphatikizapo 50,000 miliyoni kumbali ya wopambana, chinali chachikulu. Justice Robert Jackson, Khothi Lalikulu Kwambiri ku United States komanso womanga wamkulu wa ma Tribunals a Nuremberg, adati m'mawu otsegulira a Tribunals "Zolakwa zomwe tikufuna kudzudzula ndikulanga zawerengedwa, zoyipa, komanso zowononga kwambiri, kotero kuti chitukuko sichingathe. kulekerera kunyalanyazidwa kwawo, chifukwa sikungapulumuke kubwerezedwa kwawo.” Stalin adanenanso kuti choletsa choyenera chingakhale kupha atsogoleri 5,000 amoyo aku Germany. Popeza kupha mwachisawawa ku Eastern Front komwe a Russia adakumana nako, nkosavuta kumvetsetsa momwe adawonera kuti izi ndi zoyenera. Churchill adatsutsa kuti kupha anthu XNUMX apamwamba kungakhale magazi okwanira kutsimikizira kuti sizidzachitikanso.
Maulamuliro opambana m'malo mwake adakhazikitsa njira yatsopano, imodzi mwamilandu, makhoti a Nuremberg ndi Tokyo. Justice Jackson anati: "Kuti mayiko anayi akuluakulu, ogonjetsedwa ndi chigonjetso ndi kuvulazidwa ndi kuvulazidwa, kubwezera chilango ndikupereka mwaufulu adani awo omwe ali mu ukapolo ku chigamulo cha lamulo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe Mphamvu zapereka kwa Chifukwa."
Povomerezedwa kuti ndi opanda ungwiro, Nuremberg anali kuyesa kukhazikitsa lamulo lolimbana ndi atsogoleri a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi opondereza ndi otsatira awo omwe angayambe nkhondo zachiwawa. "Bungweli, ngakhale kuti ndi lachilendo komanso loyesera, likuyimira kuyesayesa kwa mayiko anayi amphamvu kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi ena khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo apadziko lonse kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu la nthawi yathu ino - nkhondo yoopsa." adatero Jackson. Kuyeseraku kunapereka kuti wozengedwa mlandu aliyense aimbidwe mlandu, ali ndi ufulu wodzitchinjiriza pamaso pa khothi, mofanana ndi khoti la anthu wamba. Ndipo zikuoneka kuti panali chilungamo chifukwa ena anapezeka kuti alibe mlandu uliwonse, ena anangopezeka olakwa pamilandu ina ndipo ambiri sanaphedwe. Kaya linali bwalo lamilandu la wopambana lomwe lavala zokometsera zachilungamo kapena njira zolakwika zoyambira njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo zingadalire zomwe zidachitika m'zaka zotsatira, ngakhale zomwe zikuchitika tsopano. Zina mwazomwe zimavomerezedwa ngati zachilendo masiku ano zimabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Nuremberg monga mawu akuti milandu yankhondo, milandu yolimbana ndi anthu.
Jackson adati: "Sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti mbiri yomwe timaweruza omwe akuimbidwa ndi mbiri yomwe imatiweruza mawa. Kupatsira otsutsawa chikho chapoizoni ndikuchiyikanso pamilomo yathu. " Iwo ankadziwa kuti akungolemba gawo loyamba la nkhani ya Nuremberg ndi kuti ena adzalemba mapeto. Titha kuyankha funsoli lokhudza chilungamo cha victor pongoyang'ana ku 1946. Kapena titha kuyang'ana mozama ndikuyankha molingana ndi masiku ano komanso zam'tsogolo, potengera zotsatira zanthawi yayitali kuchokera ku Nuremberg.
Kaya chinali chilungamo chongopindulitsa opambana ndiye vuto lathu. Kodi tidzalola malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi kukhala chida cha amphamvu okha? Kapena tidzagwiritsa ntchito Nuremberg ngati chida cha "Reason over Power"? Ngati tilola kuti Mfundo za Nuremberg zigwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi adani amphamvu kukakhala chilungamo cha wopambana ndipo tidzakhala "kuyika chikho chapoizoni pamilomo yathu." Ngati m'malo mwake ife, anthu, timagwira ntchito, timafuna ndipo, titakwanitsa kusunga zigawenga zathu ndi boma ku malamulo omwewo silikanakhala bwalo lachipambano. Mawu a Justice Jackson ndi chitsogozo chofunikira masiku ano, "Kuganiza bwino kwa anthu kumafuna kuti lamulo lisayime ndikulanga anthu ang'onoang'ono amilandu yaing'ono. Iyeneranso kufikira amuna omwe ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndikuigwiritsa ntchito mwadala ndi mogwirizana kuti ayambitse zoipa. ”
Kubwereranso ku funso loyambirira - Kodi ma Tribunals a Nuremberg anali chilungamo cha opambana okha? - izo zimadalira ife - izo zimadalira inu. Kodi tidzaimba mlandu zigawenga zathu zankhondo zazikulu? Kodi tidzalemekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wa Nuremberg kutsutsana ndi zolakwa za boma lathu motsutsana ndi anthu komanso zowononga mtendere?
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Elliott Adams anali wokhazikika, wandale, wamalonda; tsopano akugwira ntchito yobweretsa mtendere. Chidwi chake pamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi chidakula chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo pankhondo, m'malo omenyera nkhondo ngati Gaza, komanso kuyimbidwa mlandu wolimbikitsa mtendere.
