Ndi David Swanson, Tiyeni Tiyesere Demokarase.
Pulofesa wa Georgetown Law dzina lake David Koplow adalemba zomwe amazitcha Nuclear Kellogg-Briand Pact. Mu a nkhani Kulingalira, Koplow amachita china chake chosowa kwambiri, amazindikira zina mwazabwino za Kellogg-Briand Pact. Koma amaphonya ena mwa zabwinozo, monga ndidazifotokozera m'buku langa la 2011 Pamene Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse Inasokoneza.
Koplow amavomereza kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chomwe panganoli linali lofunika kwambiri, lomwe linasintha kumvetsetsa kwa nkhondo kuchokera ku chinachake chomwe chimangochitika ngati nyengo kupita ku chinachake chomwe chingathe kulamuliridwa, chiyenera kuthetsedwa, ndipo chikanakhala choletsedwa. Amavomereza udindo wa mgwirizanowu polimbikitsa mayesero (ngakhale mayesero a mbali imodzi) chifukwa cha mlandu wa nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
Koma Koplow amachitanso zomwe ndikuganiza kuti pulofesa aliyense wazamalamulo waku US ayenera kuyembekezera kuchita. Sindinapezebe wina amene sapeza. Amalengeza kuti panganolo "chete" limaphatikizapo chinenero chomwe sichimaphatikizapo, chinenero chotsegula njira yothetsera nkhondo yodzitchinjiriza. Ngakhale kuti Britain ndi France zinawonjezera kukayikira mgwirizanowu, mayiko ena adavomereza monga momwe adalembera. Komiti ya United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee idatulutsa mawu otanthauzira panganoli, koma osasintha kwenikweni panganolo. Japan anachitanso chimodzimodzi. Mawu a komiti amenewo amatanthauzira kukhalapo kwa njira yodzitchinjiriza. Panganolo palokha liribe ndipo silinapangidwe, kusainidwa, kapena kuvomerezedwa ngati litatero.
Zolemba zenizeni za panganoli ndizopambana kuposa Charter ya United Nations posakhala ndi zipsinjo ziwiri, imodzi yankhondo zodzitchinjiriza ndi ina yankhondo zololedwa ndi UN. Ndipo mosiyana ndi zomwe Koplow akunena, koma mogwirizana ndi zowona za nkhani yomwe akufotokoza, Kellogg-Briand Pact ikadali lamulo. Kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti nkhondo zambiri zaposachedwa zikhale zoletsedwa sizofunika kwambiri, monga zambiri - ngati si zonse - zankhondozo zimalephera kulowa muzolowera za UN Charter. Koma kukhalapo kwa zipsinjo zimenezo kumalola zonena zosatha za lamulo lomwe lingakhale madzi abwino ngati tiyang'ana ku mgwirizano wamtendere m'malo mwa Charter ya UN.
Zoonadi cholinga nthawi zambiri chimatengedwa kuti chichotse zolemba zenizeni. Ngati anthu omwe adapanga mgwirizanowo adafuna kuti alole mwakachetechete nkhondo yodzitchinjiriza, ndiye kuti imalola nkhondo yodzitchinjiriza, malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi. Koma kodi iwo? Izo zonse zimatengera amene amawerengedwa monga anthu amenewo. Koplow amangotchula mmodzi wa iwo, Senator William Borah. M'malo mwake, Koplow amatsutsa kwambiri udindo wa Borah. Kutsatira chitsogozo cha gulu la Outlawry komanso kulimbikitsa kwambiri atsogoleri ake, Borah adalimbikitsa poyera kuti pakhale nkhondo yoletsa nkhondo kwazaka zambiri chigwirizanocho chisanachitike, ndipo adathandizira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti zidachitika. Pa November 26, 1927, Borah adalemba izi m'magazini ya New York Times:
"Sindikuganiza kuti mapulani amtendere omwe amayankha funso la 'dziko lachiwewe' ndi otheka. Dziko lachiwewe ndi lingaliro lachinyengo komanso losatheka ngati chinthu chofunikira pa dongosolo lililonse lamtendere. " Borah, povomerezana ndi kumvetsetsa kofala kwa Ophwanya malamulo, amakhulupirira kuti pankhondo iliyonse mbali iliyonse idzatchula ina kuti ndi yachiwembu, komanso kuti kudzera muultimatums ndi kuputa mbali iliyonse ingapangitse wina kukhala wotsutsa. “Sindikanachirikiza dongosolo la mtendere,” analemba motero Borah, “lomwe linkavomereza kuti nkhondo inali yololeka nthaŵi iriyonse kapena mumkhalidwe uliwonse.” Ataphunzira kuchokera kwa omwe adayambitsa zigawenga, Borah adaphunzitsa Kellogg ndi Coolidge, ngakhale kuthana ndi vuto lomwe adakumana nalo chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti kuletsa nkhondo sikungakhale kosagwirizana ndi malamulo.
Koma kodi Borah anawaphunzitsa chiyani kwenikweni? Zowona osati zomwe zikuwoneka kwa pulofesa aliyense wazamalamulo waku US mu 2017 akunena zamkhutu kapena pangano lodzipha? Inde, m'malo mwake. Ndipo sindikutsimikiza kuti Kellogg kapena Coolidge adamvetsetsapo kuposa izi: kufunikira kwa anthu kunali mphepo yamkuntho. Koma izi ndi zomwe zinali, komanso chifukwa chake omwe amabwera kudzatamanda Kellogg Briand Pact akuwoneka kuti akufuna kuyika maliro. Kuphwanya malamulo kunali kutsutsana ndi bungwe lonse lankhondo pa chitsanzo chotsutsa kumenyana - chomwe, ophwanya malamulo adanena, sichinalowe m'malo ndi kumenyana kodzitchinjiriza, koma kuthetsedwa kwa bungwe lonse lankhanza. Mukangovomereza nkhondo zina, mumalimbikitsa kukonzekera nkhondo, ndipo izi zimakupangitsani kumenya nkhondo zamitundumitundu. A Outlawrists adazindikira izi ngakhale Dwight Eisenhower asanakhale m'gulu la zida zankhondo zankhondo zankhondo zankhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi m'misewu ya DC, osapanga ma adilesi otsanzikana.
Koma ngati muletsa nkhondo zonse, a Outlawrists adagwira, mumathetsa kufunikira kwa nkhondo iliyonse. Mumakonza njira zopanda chiwawa zothetsera mikangano. Mumapanga malamulo. Mumasonkhanitsa mpikisano wam'mbuyo. Madipatimenti Ofufuza Zamtendere amvetsetsa izi m'zaka zaposachedwa. Omenyera mtendere anali nazo pansi mu 1920s. Ndipo adaumirira masomphenya awo mumgwirizano womwe adalemba, omwe adakambirana, omwe adawapempha, ndipo adadutsa - motsutsana ndi chifuniro cha a Senators ambiri omwe adavomereza. Si vis pacem, para pacem. Koplow akugwira mawu cholembera ichi kuchokera ku cholembera chomwe chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaina panganoli. Ngati mukufuna mtendere, konzekerani mtendere. Kuti anthu kwenikweni amatanthauza kuti mu 1928 ndi mopanda kumvetsa wamba mu 2017. Komabe izo ziri pansi pa zolemba zonse za pangano ndi malemba ambiri a kayendetsedwe kamene kanapanga. Kuletsa nkhondo zonse chinali cholinga ndipo ndi lamulo.
Nanga bwanji ife, monga momwe Koplow akufunira, kupanga mgwirizano watsopano, wopangidwa ndi Kellogg-Briand, koma kuletsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya yokha? Chabwino, choyamba, kuchita izi sikukanaletsa mwalamulo kapena kuletsa Kellogg-Briand Pact yomwe ilipo, yomwe siinyalanyazidwa konsekonse ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwe adamvapo. M'malo mwake, kupanga KBP ya nyukiliya kungapangitse chidwi cha kukhalapo kwa KBP yonse. Kuthetsa nkhondo yonse ya zida za nyukiliya kungakhale sitepe yamphamvu yothetsa nkhondo zonse, zingatheke kuti mitundu yathu ikhalepo kwautali wokwanira kutero, ndipo ingaloze maganizo athu m'njira yoyenera.
Pangano lomwe Koplow adalemba silingakhale mkangano uliwonse ndi mgwirizano woletsa zida za nyukiliya, koma lingakhale pangano lomwe mayiko a nyukiliya angasaine ndikuvomereza, ndipo lingakhale lamphamvu kuposa kungodzipereka kuti asakhale woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito nukes. . Monga momwe adalembedwera, Nuclear Kellogg-Briand Pact imapitilira kuwonetsa chilankhulo cha KBP kuti athetsere funso lodzitchinjiriza ndi ena ambiri. Zimaganiziridwa bwino, ndipo ndikupangira kuziwerenga. Kuikidwa m'manda kumapeto kwa pangano lokonzekera pangano ndilofunika kuti mufulumire kuyesetsa kuthetsa zida zonse za nyukiliya. Ndikuganiza kuti kuletsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya yokhayo kungathandize kuthetsa nkhondo zonse, ndipo ndikhoza kutero podziwitsa kuti nkhondo yonse yakhala yosaloledwa kwa zaka 88.
