Kusasunthika: Maziko a Mtendere

(Ili ndi gawo 16 la World Beyond War pepala woyera A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo. Pitirizani ku yapitayi | zotsatirazi gawo.)

Pamene izi zidakalipo, Gandhi ndiye Mfumu ndi ena adakhala ndi njira zamphamvu zothetsera chiwawa, njira yosasunthira, yomwe yayesedwa ndikuyendetsedwa bwino m'mikangano yambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.Nkhondo yolimbana ndi vutoli imasintha mgwirizano wa mphamvu pakati pa oponderezedwa ndi opondereza. Zimasokoneza mgwirizano wooneka ngati wosalinganika, monga mwachitsanzo "ogwira ntchito" ogwira sitimayo ndi Red Army ku Poland mu 1980s ( Mgwirizano Wogwirizana Yotsogoleredwa ndi Lech Walesa inathetsa ulamuliro wotsutsa-Walesa unatha kukhala pulezidenti wa ufulu wa ufulu wa demokarasi Poland), komanso nthawi zina. Kusasunthika kumawonetsa mgwirizano weniweni wamphamvu, womwe ndi maboma onse otsala pamalo ogwirizana ndi boma ndipo chilolezocho chikhoza kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Monga momwe tidzaonera, izi zimasintha maganizo okhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amamenyana nawo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti wozunza apitirize kusalungama ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amapereka maboma opondereza popanda kuthandizira ndipo amawapangitsa anthu kukhala osakayika.Pali machitidwe ambiri amakono omwe amagwiritsira ntchito bwino kusagwirizana. Gene Sharp akulemba kuti: "Mbiri yakale ilipo ya anthu omwe, kukana kuvomereza kuti ziwoneka kuti 'mphamvu' ziri zopambana, kutsutsa ndi kukana olamulira amphamvu, ogonjetsa achilendo, ozunza nyumba, opondereza, opondereza ndi olamulira a zachuma. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro amasiku onse, njira izi zotsutsana ndi chionetsero, kusagwira ntchito ndi kusokoneza zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zakhala zikugwira ntchito yaikulu m'mbiri yonse ya dziko lapansi. . . . "^note5

Erica Chenoweth ndi Maria Stephan zasonyeza kuti kuyambira 1900 mpaka 2006, kukana kutetezedwa kwapadera kunapambana kaŵirikaŵiri monga kukana zida ndipo kunachititsa kuti demokrasi zikhale bwino kwambiri popanda kubwezeretsa nkhanza zapachiweniweni ndi mayiko. Mwachidule, kusadziletsa kumachita bwino kuposa nkhondo.^note6 Chenoweth adatchulidwa kuti ndi 100 Top Global Thinkers ndi Foreign Foreign Policy mu 2013 "pofuna kutsimikizira Gandhi".

Kusasamala ndi njira yothandiza. Kukanika kwotsutsana, kuphatikizapo mabungwe amphamvu olimbikitsa mtendere, tsopano akutilola kuti tithawe kuchitetezo chachitsulo cha nkhondo zomwe tinadzipangira tokha zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo.

Zomwe zinachitika pa chikhalidwe zinathandizanso kuti pakhale njira yowonjezera mtendere, kuphatikizapo kayendetsedwe kamphamvu kwa ufulu wa amayi kuphatikizapo kuphunzitsa atsikana, komanso mawonekedwe a magulu a anthu zikwizikwi omwe apatsidwa ntchito yokonza mtendere, mayiko, kulimbikitsa mtendere wadziko lonse, . Mabungwe awa amachititsa kuti zamoyo zisinthe. Apa tikhoza kutchula ochepa chabe monga The Chiyanjano cha Chiyanjano, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, ndi Komiti Yopereka Amishonale ku America, ndi United Nations Association, Ankhondo a Mtendere, ndi Pulogalamu Yadziko Lonse Yotsutsa Zida Zachikiliya, ndi Khoti la Khoti la Mtendere, ndi Mtendere ndi Chilungamo Studies Association ndi zambiri, zina zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ndi kufufuza kwa intaneti.

Maboma awiri ndi mabungwe omwe si a boma anayamba kukhazikitsa mtendere monga Maselo a Blue Blue komanso machitidwe angapo a anthu, osasinthika monga a Nonviolent Peaceforce ndi Mipingo Yamtendere Yamayiko. Mipingo inayamba kukhazikitsa ma komiti a mtendere ndi chilungamo. Pa nthawi yomweyi panali kufalikira kofulumira kwa kafufuzidwe pa zomwe zimapangitsa mtendere, ndi kufalikira mofulumira kwa maphunziro a mtendere m'madera onse. Zina mwazinthu zikuphatikizapo kufalikira kwa zipembedzo zamtendere, kukula kwa webusaiti ya padziko lonse, kuthekera kwa maufumu apadziko lonse (okwera mtengo kwambiri), mapeto a ulamuliro wadziko lapansi, kukula kwa chikumbumtima cha nkhondo, njira zatsopano za kuthetsa kusamvana, mtendere wamanyuzipepala, kayendetsedwe ka msonkhano wapadziko lonse, kayendetsedwe ka zachilengedwe (kuphatikizapo kuyesa kudalira mafuta ndi mafuta okhudzana ndi mafuta), ndi kukulitsa chikhulupiliro cha dziko lapansi.^note7 Izi ndi zochepa zokha zomwe zikuwonetseratu kudzikonzekera, Alternative Global Security System ndi njira yopita patsogolo.

(Onani mbiri yotsatizana: Makampu Otsutsana Ogwira Ntchito Osagwirizana)

(Pitirizani ku yapitayi | zotsatirazi gawo.)

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Onani zina zotsatizana nazo "Chifukwa Chake Timaganiza Kuti Mtendere Ungatheke"

Onani Mndandanda wa Zamkatimu A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo

zolemba:
5. The Mobile Exhibit Company imapereka "ziwonetsero zambiri monga Magalimoto ambirimbiri, Interactive Semis, Adventure Semis, ndi Adventure Trailers zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olemba zida zankhondo kuti athe kugwirizanitsa anthu a America ndi Amishonale a America ndikukweza chidziwitso cha asilikali ku sukulu ya sekondale ndi koleji ophunzira ndi malo awo okhudzidwa. Onani webusaitiyi pa: http://www.usarec.army.mil/msbn/Pages/MEC.htm (bwererani ku nkhani yaikulu)
6. Mawerengero amasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi gwero. Zotsatira zimachokera ku 50 miliyoni mpaka ku 100 miliyoni zakufa. (bwererani ku nkhani yaikulu)
7. Paradigm for Website yamtendere (bwererani ku nkhani yaikulu)