Nthano: Nkhondo Ndi Yabwino (tsatanetsatane)

Mwinanso chitetezo chodziwika kwambiri pankhondo ndikuti ndizofunikira zoyipa. Nthanoyi idasinthidwa patsamba lake Pano.

Koma nkhondo imatetezedwanso ngati kuti ndi yopindulitsa m'njira ina. Zoona zake n'zakuti nkhondo sizipindulitsa anthu kumene akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo sizikupindulitsa mayiko omwe amatumiza asilikali awo kunja kukamenyana nkhondo. Ngakhalenso nkhondo sizithandiza kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa malamulo - mosiyana kwambiri. Zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nkhondo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri ndi zoyipa ndipo zikanapangidwa popanda nkhondo.

Zolinga ku United States kupyolera mu nkhondo ya 2003-2011 pa Iraq inapeza kuti ambiri ku US ankakhulupirira kuti Iraqi anali abwino chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe inawonongeka kwambiri - ngakhale anawononga - Iraq [1]. Ambiri mwa anthu aku Iraq, mosiyana, amakhulupirira kuti anali oipitsitsa. [2] Ambiri ku United States amakhulupirira kuti anthu aku Iraq anali othokoza. [3] Uku ndi kusagwirizana pa mfundo, osati maganizo. Koma nthawi zambiri anthu amasankha mfundo zoti adziwe kapena kuvomereza. Okhulupirira amphamvu m'nkhani za "zida zowononga anthu ambiri" aku Iraq ankakonda kukhulupirira mozama akawonetseredwa. The za Iraq sizosangalatsa, koma ndizofunika.

Nkhondo Siidapindula ndi Ozunzidwa Ake

Kukhulupirira kuti anthu omwe amakhala komwe boma la dziko lanu lamenyera nkhondo ali bwino, ngakhale kuti anthuwo amatsutsa kuti ali oipitsitsa, akuwonetsa kudzikuza kwakukulu - kudzikuza komwe nthawi zambiri kumadalira kwambiri tsankho. zosiyanasiyana: kusankhana mitundu, chipembedzo, chinenero, chikhalidwe, utundu, kapena kudana ndi anthu wamba. Kafukufuku wa anthu ku United States kapena dziko lililonse lomwe likugwira ntchito ku Iraq likadakhala kuti likutsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti dziko lawo likugwidwa ndi mayiko akunja, ziribe kanthu kuti zolinga zake zinali zabwino bwanji. Zikakhala choncho, lingaliro la nkhondo yothandiza anthu ndikuphwanya lamulo lofunika kwambiri la makhalidwe abwino, lamulo la golide lomwe limafuna kupatsa ena ulemu womwewo womwe mukuufuna. Ndipo izi ndizowona ngati kulungamitsidwa kwankhondo kwankhondo ndikongoganizira pambuyo pake pomwe zifukwa zina zagwa kapena kuthandiza anthu kunali kulungamitsidwa koyambirira komanso koyambirira.

Palinso vuto lalikulu lalingaliro poganiza kuti nkhondo yatsopano itha kubweretsa phindu kudziko lomwe amenyedwa, chifukwa cha mbiri yoyipa yankhondo iliyonse yomwe idachitika kale. Akatswiri pa anti-war Carnegie Endowment for Peace ndi pro-war RAND Corporation apeza kuti nkhondo zomwe zimalimbana ndikumanga mayiko zimakhala zotsika kwambiri pakupambana pakupanga ma demokalase okhazikika. Ndipo kuyeseraku kumadzuka ngati zombie kukhulupirira izi Iraq or Libya or Syria or Iran Padzakhala malo omwe nkhondo idzakhalire mosiyana.

Othandizira nkhondo zothandiza anthu angakhale oona mtima ngati ataganiza kuti zabwino zikuchitika ndi nkhondo ndi kuyeza kuwonongeka kochitika. M'malo mwake, zabwino zowonongeka zimatengedwa ngati zogwirizana ndi ntchito iliyonse. A US sanazindikire kuti Iraq yakufa. Bungwe la UN Security Council linkafuna kuti akuluakulu a bungwe la UN awononge ufulu wa anthu a ku Libyans omwe anaphedwa ndi NATO pokhapokha.

Okhulupilira mu nkhondo yothandiza anthu nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsa kuphedwa kwa nkhondo. Nkhondo yowonongeka kale ya olamulira ankhanza (nthawi zambiri olamulira ankhanza omwe aperekedwa mowolowa manja ndi awo omwe angakhale otsutsa kwa zaka makumi angapo m'mbuyomo) kawiri kawiri amabwereza mawu akuti "anapha anthu ake" (koma osamufunsa yemwe anamugulitsa zida kapena kupereka maganizo ake) . Cholinga chake n'chakuti kupha "anthu ake" ndikoipa kwambiri kuposa kupha anthu ena. Koma ngati vuto lomwe tikufuna kuthetsa ndi kupha anthu ambiri, ndiye kuti nkhondo ndi kuphana ndi abale komanso palibe choipa kuposa nkhondo imene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kupewa - ngakhale kuti nkhondoyo inalepheretsa, chiwawa.

Nkhondo zomenyedwa ndi mayiko olemera motsutsana ndi osauka zimangokhala zophera mbali imodzi; Zosiyana kwambiri ndi machitidwe opindulitsa, othandizira, kapena othandizira. Malinga ndi malingaliro wamba, nkhondo zimamenyedwera "pankhondo" - lingaliro lomwe limapereka lingaliro lothamanga ngati masewera pakati pa magulu ankhondo awiri kupatula moyo wamba. M'malo mwake, nkhondo zimamenyedwa m'matauni ndi m'nyumba za anthu. Nkhondo zimenezi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhondo zazikulu kwambiri chiwerewere zochitika zomwe zingaganizidwe, zomwe zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake maboma omwe amawagwirira iwo amawauza iwo kwa anthu awo omwe.

Nkhondozo zimasiya kuwonongeka kosatha mwa mtundu wa mowa chidani ndi chiwawa, ndi mawonekedwe a poizoni zachilengedwe. Chikhulupiriro cha kuthekera kothandiza anthu pankhondo chingagwedezeke mwa kuyang’ana mosamalitsa pa zotsatira zaufupi ndi zazitali za nkhondo iriyonse. Nkhondo imasiya ziwopsezo, osati chitetezo - mosiyana ndi mbiri yopambana ya mayendedwe osachita zachiwawa pakusintha kofunikira. Nkhondo ndi kukonzekera nkhondo zinachotsa anthu onse a Diego Garcia; ku Thule, ku Greenland; zambiri za Vieques, Puerto Rico; ndi za Pacific Islands zosiyanasiyana ndi Pagan Island yotsatira pamndandanda wa pangozi. Zomwe zikuwopsezedwa ndi mudzi womwe uli pachilumba cha Jeju, South Korea, pomwe Asitikali ankhondo aku US akufuna kuti pamangidwe malo atsopano. Iwo omwe akhala pansi-mphepo kapena kutsika kuchokera ku kuyesa zida nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino pang'ono kusiyana ndi omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida.

Kuphwanya ufulu waumunthu kumapezeka nthawi zonse m'mitundu imene mayiko ena akufuna kuwamenya, monga momwe angapezedwe m'mitundu omwe olamulira ankhanza akugulitsidwa ndi oponderezedwa ndi anthu omwe amamenyana nawo, komanso monga momwe angapezedwe mwa ankhondo awo mayiko okha. Koma pali mavuto awiri akuluakulu omwe akuphwanya mtundu wa anthu kuti apitirize kulemekeza ufulu wawo. Choyamba, sizimagwira ntchito. Chachiwiri, ufulu wosaphedwa kapena kuvulala kapena kupwetekedwa ndi nkhondo uyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi ufulu woyenera woyenera ulemu. Apanso, kufufuza kwachinyengo kumathandiza: Ndi angati omwe angafune kuti tawuni yawo iwononge mabomba padzina lakulitsa ufulu waumunthu?

Nkhondo ndi nkhondo ndi ndondomeko zina zoopsa zingayambitse mavuto omwe angapindule ndi thandizo lakunja, kaya mwa anthu ogwira ntchito zamtendere osachita zachiwawa ndi zishango za anthu kapena ngati apolisi. Koma kupotoza mkangano woti Rwanda ikufunika apolisi pamkangano woti Rwanda iyenera kuphulitsidwa ndi bomba, kapena kuti dziko lina liphulitsidwe ndi bomba, ndikusokoneza kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi malingaliro ena a nthano, kuzunzika sikunachepetsedwe mu nkhondo zamakedzana. Nkhondo siingakhoze kukhala yotukuka kapena yoyeretsedwa. Palibe njira yoyenera ya nkhondo yomwe imapewa kuwapweteka kwambiri. Palibe chitsimikizo kuti nkhondo iliyonse ingathe kulamulidwa kapena kutha pamene inayamba. Zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuposa nkhondo. Nkhondo sizimatha ndi chigonjetso, chomwe sichitha kufotokozedwa ngakhale.

Nkhondo Sitibweretsa Kukhazikika

Nkhondo ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati chida cholimbikitsira malamulo, kuphatikizapo malamulo oletsa nkhondo, pokhapokha kunyalanyaza chinyengo ndi mbiri yakale ya kulephera. Nkhondo imaphwanya mfundo zofunika kwambiri zamalamulo ndipo imalimbikitsa kuphwanya kwawonso. Ulamuliro wa mayiko ndi kufunikira koti zokambirana zichitike popanda chiwawa zikugwera patsogolo pa nyundo yankhondo. Pangano la Kellogg-Briand, Charter ya UN, ndi malamulo apakhomo okhudza kupha komanso pa chisankho chopita kunkhondo amaphwanyidwa pamene nkhondo zimayambitsidwa ndikukula ndikupitirira. Kuphwanya malamulowo kuti "akhazikitse" (popanda kutsutsa) lamulo loletsa mtundu wina wa chida, mwachitsanzo, sikumapangitsa kuti mayiko kapena magulu azitsatira malamulo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe nkhondo ikulephera pa ntchito yopereka chitetezo.

Nkhondo Siidapindula Opanga Nkhondo

Nkhondo ndi kukonzekera nkhondo kukhetsa ndi kufooketsa chuma. Nthano yakuti nkhondo imalimbikitsa mtundu umene umalipidwa, mosiyana ndi kupindulitsa ochepa opindula, sagwirizana ndi umboni.

Nthano ina yotsimikizira kuti, ngakhale nkhondo ikasokoneza mtundu wopanga nkhondo, ikhoza kumapindulitsa kwambiri poyesa kuzunzidwa kwa mitundu ina. Mtundu wapamwamba wopanga nkhondo padziko lonse, United States, uli ndi 5% ya anthu padziko lapansi koma umadya kotala limodzi mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zinthu zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi nthano iyi, nkhondo yokhayo ingathe kulola kuti kusagwirizana kofunikira ndi koyenera kukhalebe.

Pali chifukwa chake nkhaniyi sichidziwika bwino ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndipo imaseŵera chabe pazofalitsa za nkhondo. Ndizochititsa manyazi, ndipo anthu ambiri amachita manyazi. Ngati nkhondo siilimbikitso koma ngati chiwonongeko, kuvomereza sikunayeneretse kuti ndizolakwa. Mfundo zina zimathandiza kuchepetsa mfundo iyi:

• Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi chiwonongeko sizomwe zimagwirizana ndi moyo wapamwamba.
• Phindu la mtendere ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lidzamvekanso ngakhale iwo omwe adzidya kudya pang'ono.
• Phindu la kuderako ndikukhala ndi moyo kosatha sizingatheke.
• Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale locheperachepera, mosasamala kanthu za yemwe akudya.
• Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zomwe mayiko olemera amadya zinthu zowonongeka kwambiri, monga mafuta, ndi kupyola komwe kuli nkhondo.
• Mphamvu zobiriwira ndi zowonongeka zikanakhala zopambana ndi malingaliro awo oyendetsa kwambiri ngati otsalirawo panopa adatumizidwa kumeneko.

Nkhondo imapereka ntchito zochepa kusiyana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama kapena kuchepetsa msonkho, koma nkhondo imatha kupereka ntchito zabwino ndi zokongola zomwe zimaphunzitsa achinyamata maphunziro ofunikira, kumanga khalidwe, ndi kuphunzitsa nzika zabwino. Ndipotu, chilichonse chabwino chophunzitsidwa ndi nkhondo ndi kutenga nawo mbali chingathe kupangidwa popanda nkhondo. Ndipo maphunziro a nkhondo amabweretsa zinthu zambiri zomwe siziri zofunika. Kukonzekera nkhondo kumaphunzitsa ndi momwe anthu amakhalidwe omwe amawonekeratu kuti ndi omwe amachititsa anthu kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Limaphunzitsanso kumvera koopsa. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo ingaphatikizepo kulimba mtima ndi kupereka nsembe, kufotokoza izi popanda kuthandizidwa ndi zolinga zosayenerera kumapereka chitsanzo choipa ndithudi. Ngati kulimba mtima mopanda kulingalira ndi nsembe ndi khalidwe labwino, antchito ankhanza ali abwino kwambiri kuposa anthu.

Zotsatsa malonda zatsimikizira nkhondo zam'mbuyomu pothandizira kupanga njira zopaleshoni za ubongo zimene zapulumutsa moyo kunja kwa nkhondo. Intaneti imene webusaitiyi ilipo idapangidwa makamaka ndi asilikali a US. Koma zida zasiliva zoterezi zikanakhoza kuwoneka nyenyezi ngati zinalengedwa popanda nkhondo. Kafufuzidwe ndi chitukuko chikanakhala bwino kwambiri ndi kuyankhapo ndipo zidzaloledwa kumadera abwino ngati apatukana ndi ankhondo.

Mofananamo, mautumiki othandizira amatha kukhala abwino popanda asilikali. Ndege yotenga ndege ndi njira yowonongeka komanso yopanda mphamvu yobweretsa chithandizo cha tsoka. Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zolakwika kumaphatikizidwa ndi kukayikira koyenera kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akudziwa kuti zida zankhondo zakhala zikugwiritsira ntchito chithandizo choopsya chifukwa cha nkhondo yowonjezereka kapena magulu othawirapo m'deralo.

Zolinga Zolengedwa za Nkhondo Sizitchuka

Nkhondo zimagulitsidwa monga chithandizo, chifukwa anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo maboma ambiri ndi antchito ankhondo, ali ndi zolinga zabwino. Koma iwo omwe ali pamwamba pamasewero olimbana nawo nkhondo ndithudi samatero. Ngati zitatha, zochepa zopereka zowonjezera zalembedwa.

"Ufumu uliwonse wofuna kutchuka, ukufotokoza momveka bwino kuti akugonjetsa dziko lapansi kuti abweretse mtendere, chitetezo ndi ufulu, ndipo akupereka ana ake aamuna chifukwa cha zolinga zabwino komanso zothandiza. Icho ndi bodza, ndipo ndi bodza lamakedzana, komabe mibadwo imakula ndikukhulupirira izo. "- Anatero Henry Wright

Chidule cha pamwambapa.

Zida ndi zina zambiri.

Mawu a M'munsi:

1. Kafukufuku womaliza atha kukhala kuti anali Gallup mu Ogasiti 2010.
2. Zogby, Disembala 20, 2011.
3. Kafukufuku womaliza atha kukhala kuti anali CBS News mu Ogasiti 2010.

Zikhulupiriro Zina:

Nkhondo ipeŵa.

Nkhondo ndi yofunika.