Wolemba René Wadlow, TRANSCEND Media Service, May 2, 2023
Pa Marichi 4, 2023, ku United Nations ku New York, gawo lofunikira pakutetezedwa kwa nyanja lidachitika ndikuwonetsa Pangano la Panyanja Zapamwamba. Cholinga cha mgwirizanowu ndi kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za m'nyanja zomwe zili ndi malire a dziko. Zokambiranazi zinayamba mu 2004. Kutalika kwawo ndi chizindikiro cha zovuta zina za nkhanizo.
Pangano latsopano la Panyanja Zam'mwamba limakhudza kuchuluka kwa nyanja zomwe zili kunja kwa ulamuliro wa dziko lonse komanso gawo la Economic Zone (EEZ). Panganoli latsopanoli likusonyeza nkhawa za zotsatirapo za kutentha kwa dziko, kuteteza zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, kuyesetsa kuthana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka, ndi zotsatira za kusodza kwambiri. Kutetezedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo tsopano kuli pamwamba pa ndale za mayiko ambiri.
Pangano latsopanoli limakhazikika pazokambirana m'zaka za m'ma 1970 zomwe zidatsogolera ku 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. Zokambirana zomwe zakhala zaka khumi, zomwe mabungwe omwe si aboma monga Association of World Citizens adachitapo kanthu mwachangu, zidakhudza makamaka kukulitsa ulamuliro wadziko kuti aphatikizepo "dera lachuma lokhalo" lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi Boma lomwe lili ndi 12 nautical. -ulamuliro wa mailosi. Boma lomwe likufunsidwa likhoza kupanga makonzedwe azachuma ndi mayiko ena pazausodzi kapena zochitika zina mkati mwa gawo lazachuma.
Lamulo la Pangano la Panyanja la 1982 linali kuyesa kukhazikitsa malamulo ku zomwe zinali malamulo amtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi polemba pangano lazamalamulo. The Law of the Sea Convention idapangitsanso kuti pakhale njira yothetsa mikangano mwalamulo.
Ena mwa oyimilira omwe si aboma omwe adatenga nawo gawo pazokambilana za 1970s adachenjeza za zovuta zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cholumikizana ndi Exclusive Economic Zones, makamaka ma EEZ kuzungulira zilumba zazing'ono. Zochita zasonyeza kuti nkhawa zathu zinali zomveka. Zomwe zikuchitika ku Mediterranean zimasokonekera chifukwa cholumikizana kapena kuphatikizika kwa Zachuma Zapadera za Greece ndi Turkey, komanso za Kupro, Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Israel - mayiko onse omwe ali ndi mikangano yazandale.
Ndondomeko yamakono ya boma la China ndi chiwerengero cha zombo zankhondo zomwe zikuyenda mozungulira ku South China Sea zimapitirira chirichonse chimene ndinkawopa m'ma 1970. Kupanda thayo kwa maulamuliro akuluakulu, njira yawo yodzifunira okha malamulo a mayiko, ndi mphamvu zochepa za mabungwe azamalamulo kukhala ndi khalidwe la Boma zimadetsa nkhawa munthu. Komabe, pali 2002 Phnom Penh Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea yomwe imafuna kukhulupirirana, kudziletsa, ndi kuthetsa mikangano mwa njira zamalamulo kotero titha kuyembekezera kuti "mitu yozizira" idzapambana.
Oimira mabungwe omwe si a boma adagwiranso ntchito yofunikira pakupanga Pangano latsopano pa Nyanja Yam'mwamba, ngakhale pangakhale nkhani, monga migodi pa nyanja, zomwe zinasiyidwa mu mgwirizanowu. Ndizolimbikitsa kuti panali mgwirizano pakati pa maboma akuluakulu - USA, China, European Union. Ntchito idakali m'tsogolo, ndipo zoyesayesa za boma ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Komabe, 2023 yayamba bwino kuteteza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru nyanja zamchere.
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René Wadlow ndi membala wa TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development chilengedwe. Iye ndi Purezidenti wa Association of World Citizens, bungwe lamtendere padziko lonse lapansi lomwe likugwirizana ndi ECOSOC, bungwe la United Nations lomwe likuthandizira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi kuthetsa mavuto pazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso mkonzi wa Transnational Perspectives.
