Mphamvu Yambiri Kwa Opondereza Pa Kukonzanso kwa Dzuwa

Wolemba Maya Evans, Ogasiti 26, 2020

kuchokera Malingaliro a Sussex

Mphamvu ya dzuwa yabweretsa zabwino zambiri - ngakhale mwina kusefukira kwamakono kwa heroin wapamwamba kwambiri pagombe lathu. Masiku ano, kupanga opiamu ku Afghanistan kwawona kukwera kwakukulu ndikubwera kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikutha kutulutsa madzi kuchokera pansi pa 100m. Kutha kuthirira zipululu zosabereka kwasandutsa malamba afumbi kukhala amodzi mwa zigawo zopindulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Ku Hastings, zovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito kwa heroin zitha kuwoneka ngati ziwonetsero ngati za waif, nthawi zambiri mwachangu, nkhope zowonda, zaka zawo zisanachitike. M'madera ena onse a Sussex ndi UK, ogwiritsa ntchito - akuti ndi BBC ku 2011 pa 300,000  - akuyembekezeka kukwera pamene mavuto azachuma omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Covid.

Kwa Afghanistan, nkhondo ndi umphawi kwa zaka makumi anayi zakakamiza anthu kuti afike pamphepete, pomwe ku Britain zaka khumi zovuta zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi mliri zidayambitsa mbale ya petri yosokoneza bongo. Seputembala watha Apolisi aku UK alanda matani 1.3 a heroin ndi mtengo wokwana pafupifupi $ 120m, pomwe omwe akugwira ntchito ndi magulu othandizira akuti kugwiritsa ntchito heroin kukukulirakulira. Public Health England wazindikira matawuni a m'mbali mwa nyanja monga omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi heroin; Hastings tsopano akumwalira ndi 6.5 pa 100,000 chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa molakwika (pafupifupi anthu onse amafa 1.9) ndipo mu 2016 England ndi Wales zidafa anthu 2,593 chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kuyika pambali chiwonongeko cha opiamu, mtundu watsopano waulimi ndiwosintha mphamvu. Mu 2012, Alimi a opiamu aku Afghanistan anali kugwira ntchito mahekitala 157,000, pofika 2018 anali chawonjezereka mpaka 317,000 ndipo pofika 2019 idakulitsa kufika mahekitala 344,000.

M'dziko lomwe kale imapereka 90% ya opiamu yapadziko lonse lapansi, izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale zopitilira kuwirikiza kuchokera kumatani 3,700 mu 2012 mpaka matani 9,000 mu 2017. Kudzera pazithunzi zapa satellite ndikotheka kuwerengera 67,000 solar solar m'chigawo cha Helmand chokha.

Kwa dziko lopanda gridi yamagetsi yapadziko lonse, ndipo dizilo yovuta kunyamula pamisewu yokhotakhota komanso yopanda chitetezo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zida zophulika (IEDs), kusintha kwa mphamvu zowonjezeredwa ndi dzuwa ndi gawo lachilengedwe komanso lomwe lingakhale lofulumira kwambiri.

Sizachilendo kuona magulu azolowera dzuwa m'misasa ya othawa kwawo ndipo nyumba zambiri zimakhala ndimadzi amodzi otentha kapena kuphika mpunga ndi ndiwo zamasamba. 'Mayadi' amtunduwu amagawana gawo la dzuwa kuti apereke madzi otentha osamba.

Pomwe ntchito za Hastings zobwezeretsanso nyumba ndizochepa komanso zochepa zomwe boma limapereka zimangokhudza nyumba zochepa, ku Afghanistan, modabwitsa, zisonyezero zamakono zikusonyeza kuti dzikolo molimbika dzuwa litha kuwawona akupitilira mayiko ngati UK akufuna kusintha kutali ndi mafuta.

Kwa alimi omwe akukhala m'dziko limodzi losauka kwambiri padziko lapansi, kulipira koyambirira kwa $ 5,000 ndizofunikira kuti akhazikitse ngati wolima opiamu wokhala ndi ma solar angapo, ndi pampu yamagetsi yomwe, ikangoyikidwapo, siyimayendetsa ndalama.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ulamuliro wankhanza wa a Taliban anali ndi umodzi - mwina wawo wokhawo - wowombola: wopambana kwambiri padziko lapansi ntchito yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, yomwe mu 2000 idakwanitsa kuchepetsa 99% mdera la opiamu poppy m'malo olamulidwa ndi Taliban, magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a heroin apadziko lapansi panthawiyo.

US ndi NATO atangolanda Afghanistan mu 2001, UK idasankhidwa kukhala dziko lotsogola pothetsa mavuto am'dzikolo. Komabe, zaka khumi zotsatira adawona nkhani zonena za asitikali akugwira ntchito ndi opiamu yakomweko opanga atsogoleri ankhondo, ena mwa iwo anali andale odziwika, kuti kuteteza mbewu, ndipo ngakhale kukhometsa msonkho ndalama zopindulitsa zomwe zikugulitsidwa kumayiko akunja.

Tsopano, patatha zaka makumi anayi za nkhondo, umphawi ndi katangale, zotsatira za kupanga opiamu kwa anthu wamba aku Afghani ndizowopsa. Ku Red Bridge, ku Kabul, magulu a amuna amatha kuwoneka atabisala mumtsinje womwe kale unali mtsinje wotukuka momwe ana amasambira ndipo anthu amasodza chakudya chawo. Gwero lamoyoli tsopano lauma fupa, ndipo pakati pa milulu ya zinyalala pali phula la opiamu. Mamiliyoni atatu, kapena 10 peresenti ya anthu aku Afghanistan, tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito ma heroin ndipo umbanda wocheperako wagwedezeka mzaka khumi zapitazi pomwe osokoneza bongo amabera kuti azisungabe zizolowezi zawo.

Kuika patsogolo ndalama zokhala ndi ndalama m'malo mopanga zakudya zofunikira kwasiya dziko lomwe limadzidalira limadalira mayiko ena pazofunikira zofunika. Madzi ndichinthu chapamwamba kwambiri, ndi 27 peresenti yokha ya anthu omwe ali ndi madzi oyera. Kuboola zitsime katatu kuzama koyenera, kuthirira opiamu minda ya poppy, mosakayikira kudzatsogolera ku kuchepa kwa madzi mzaka khumi zikubwerazi. Zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene 'nkhondo yowopsya' inayambika, nkhondo ikupitirira. Ndi nkhondo yomwe yakhuthulira ku UK mwa mawonekedwe a zigawenga ndi othawa kwawo kufunafuna malo opatulika. Zotsatirazi zidanenedweratu ndi owonera ambiri, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa opiamu, chifukwa cha a Mphamvu zowonjezereka revolution, mwina sikutembenuka komwe palibe amene amayembekezera.