By David Swanson, July 4, 2018.
Ndidzayamika kwambiri buku lina lochititsa mantha lomwe ndangowerenga kumene ndikufuulanso (mu chigwa chakuya chopanda kanthu?) mabuku.
Mbiri ya George Monbiot Kuchokera Pangozi: Ndale Zatsopano Zanthawi Yamavuto ndi gawo lodziwika bwino; gawo loyambirira, lopanga, ndi lolimbikitsa; ndi zonse zolondola komanso zofunika. Mutu wake woyamba uyenera kuwerengedwa paliponse - ndi chiyembekezo chakuti aliyense amene akufuna kapena akufuna zambiri amaliza bukulo.
Komabe, pali china chake chodabwitsa pa buku lililonse la ndale, makamaka pa ndale za US ndi Britain, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri zachuma ndi bajeti, zomwe zimapewa kutchulidwa kulikonse kwa ndalama zankhondo. Izi mwina ndizodabwitsanso m'buku loyang'ana patalikirana ndi mgwirizano, kulekana kwaudani komanso kukhala ndi anthu ammudzi. Sindikufuna kuchepetsa mphamvu ya bowling-yekha ya atomization ya chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe imapezeka pomanga misewu ndi kusagwirizana, koma ena angatsutse kuti kupha anthu masauzande ambiri kuchokera mundege ndi mphamvu yotsutsana ndi anthu ammudzi, anthu, kukoma mtima, komanso kukondana. Ndipo ngakhale iwo omwe sangagwirizane ndi izi ayenera kukakamizidwa kuti apereke ndondomeko ya ndalama zomwe anthu amawononga popanda kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa nkhondo.
Tsopano, wina atha kumupatsa Monbiot kufooka chifukwa chokhala waku Britain. Ndalama zankhondo ndizokulirapo pamlingo uliwonse ku United States, ndipo ngakhale ambiri omwe akufuna ku Democratic Congress sanganene izi, ngakhale kampeni ya Bernie Sanders ya Purezidenti yomwe Monbiot akulozera kuti ndi chitsanzo choti atsanzire sizingakhudze. Koma kuchuluka kwa kulakwa sikusintha mkhalidwe wolakwika. Ndipo bukhuli likukamba kwambiri za ndale za US, zomwe pafupifupi onse ndemanga zaku US nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa.
Ku United States, 60% kapena ndalama zambiri zomwe Congress imasankha chaka chilichonse (chifukwa Social Security ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo zimasamalidwa mosiyana) zimapita kunkhondo. Ndilo malinga ndi National Priorities Project, yomwe imanenanso kuti, poganizira za bajeti yonse, osawerengera ngongole zankhondo zam'mbuyo, komanso osawerengera chisamaliro cha asilikali akale, asilikali akadali 16%. Pakadali pano, War Resisters League ikuti 47% yamisonkho yaku US imapita kunkhondo, kuphatikiza ngongole zankhondo zam'mbuyomu, chisamaliro chankhondo, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndalama zankhondo zaku UK ndizochepa, zochepera pamunthu aliyense, zochepera pa GDP, ndi zina zambiri, koma zikadali zazikulu, malo okhawo omwe munthu angapeze ndalama zomwe zikuwonongeka kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mowononga ndalama zokwanira kuti achite zomwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa mwanzeru. . Monbiot akufotokoza za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe popanda kutchula zankhondo monga chifukwa chake chachikulu, monga momwe amatchulira kusatetezeka kwachuma, kuwonongeka kwa ufulu ndi ufulu, kubwezeredwa kwa mapulogalamu othandiza, kufalikira kwa kusakhulupirirana ndi tsankho, kukula kwa uchigawenga, ndi zina zotero, osatchulapo chimodzi. za zomwe zimayambitsa zonsezi. Sindine, ndiloleni nditsindikenso, ndikusankha Monbiot. Izi ndi zoona ndi mabuku ambiri ochokera ku US, UK, kapena kwina kulikonse. Ndizibweretsanso, mwa zina kuti ndingobwerezanso, ndipo mwa zina chifukwa mwina Monbiot ndi munthu yemwe angapereke kufotokozera - zomwe ndingafune kumva.
Zomwe bukuli likuchita bwino zikufotokozedwa mwachidule m'mutu woyamba, womwe mndandanda wa mfundo zake umasiya mtendere, koma ndondomeko yake ya "nkhani yatsopano" ndiyofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ikugwirizana ndi nkhani zatsopano zokambidwa ndi anthu olimbikitsa mtendere. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa umunthu ndi zamoyo zina, Monbiot akulemba kuti, kudzipereka ndi mgwirizano. Akufotokoza kuti, zigawenga zomwe zimafalitsa nkhani mopanda malire n’zochuluka kwambiri kuposa zigawenga. Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndi zolondola, ngakhale iwo omwe amachita izi amakondanso kulipira misonkho yankhondo popanda ziwonetsero ndikupewa kuzindikira momwe izi zimathandizira kuti zigawenga zibwererenso pang'ono koma zosayenera. Pambuyo pake m'bukuli, Monbiot akusonyeza kuti uchigawenga ndi yankho la zovuta zamakono, zamalonda, ndi zina zotero, pamene kwenikweni pafupifupi uchigawenga wakunja ndi uchigawenga wina wapakhomo ndi kuyankha kwa mabomba a anthu ndi kulanda mayiko awo.
Chifukwa ndife osasamala, kapena titha kukhala osasamala, Monbiot akupitiriza, nkhani yomwe tifunika kuithetsa ndi nkhani ya Hobbesian ya mpikisano ndi kudzikonda payekha - chikhulupiriro chomwe chimagwirizanitsa iwo omwe amadzitcha okha odziletsa, omasuka, odekha, ndi omasuka ambiri. Munthu woganiza bwino pazachuma yemwe amangoganiza kuti akutenga nawo gawo pamasewera a nthano zamasewera, a Monbiot akuti, adayamba ngati kuyesa kwa malingaliro a John Stuart Mill, adakhala chida chowonetsera, adakhala malingaliro abwino, kenako adasinthika kukhala malongosoledwe a momwe anthu amaganizira. zilidi kapena momwe ziyenera kukhalira nthawi zonse. Koma kwenikweni anthu amoyo si anthu odzikonda, odzipatula amene amaganiziridwa. Ndipo kuganiza kuti nthawi zonse munthu ayenera kudzidalira yekha kuti athetse mayankho kumabweretsa chikhulupiliro chandale kuti munthu wina, wolamulira wankhanza, Trump atha kupeza mayankho kuposa momwe demokalase ingachitire.
Monbiot amafuna kuti tizidziona ngati zolengedwa zokonda kucheza ndi anthu zomwe ndi zamtundu wina. Atha kuvomerezana ndi omwe pa Tsiku la Ufulu wa US adalengeza kuti amathandizira Tsiku Lodalirana m'malo mwake. Akufunanso kukweza anthu ammudzi pamwamba pa boma kapena malo antchito ngati gwero la mayankho, ngakhale akuzindikira kufunikira kwa boma pamlingo waukulu kwambiri. Izi amazitcha "Politics of Belonging." (Hei, limenelo linali lingaliro la ACORN! Likuwoneka kuti lili ndi otsutsa amphamvu.)
Ndinavomereza izi pamene ine analankhula posachedwapa kupeputsa zonse zachifundo ndi chisoni. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa - ndingagwirizane ndi Monbiot - ndi kudzikonda, kudziyimira pawokha, kudzikonda, umbombo.
Sindinatsutse izi nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri ndakhala ndikuganiza kusiya lingaliro la “umunthu.” Monbiot, pambuyo pake m'bukuli, amalankhula za kusintha umunthu. Mukangolankhula za china chake chomwe chingasinthidwe, simukudzilowetsa m'malingaliro anzeru komanso opanda pake a umunthu wosasinthika womwe uyenera kutsatiridwa mwanjira ina ngakhale kusatsatira sikungachitike.
Zomwe ndikadachita ndikusintha mawonekedwe a Monbiot olondola komanso opindulitsa pazandale kuti aphatikizepo chidziwitso chapadziko lonse lapansi, osati mdera lanu komanso mdera lanu - ndikuyika patsogolo madera ndi madera ndi padziko lonse lapansi kuposa dziko lomwe likukokomeza. kusintha m'malo mothetsa mikangano mopanda chiwawa m'malo mopha anthu ambiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zitha kutengedwa ngati kusintha kwaubwenzi.
Koma kodi timapeza bwanji anthu kuti adziganizire okha, tokha, mosiyana? Monbiot akuwonetsa kuti malingaliro a Neoliberal a Hobbesian aumunthu apitilira zolephera zenizeni zapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa anthu adaziyika mkati mwathu kotero kuti sakudziwa, komanso chifukwa nkhani ina sinaperekedwe kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, timafunikira chithandizo chamtundu wa anthu chomwe chimapangitsa anthu kuzindikira momwe akhala akuganizira, ndikupereka njira yabwino yoganizira ngati ina.
Monbiot, m'mene ndimamuwerengera, akuwonetsa mtundu wamankhwala oganiza padziko lonse lapansi komanso m'malo mwako pochitapo kanthu. Popanga magulu ndi machitidwe ammudzi, titha kukhala ndi zizolowezi ndi malingaliro omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa dziko. Koma izi zikutanthauza kutembenuza, kapena kupanga kuzungulira, kwa lingaliro "kuganiza padziko lonse lapansi, chitaniko kwanuko." Tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu m’dera lathu ndiyeno kuyesetsa kuwongolera maganizo athu pamlingo waukulu.
Ndimati "okulirapo" chifukwa Monbiot nthawi zambiri amalemba za kuganiza zadziko, osati zadziko. Koma amaloza zitsanzo ku kutsatira kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Malingaliro a Monbiot, ofotokozedwa bwino m'buku lake, akuphatikizapo mabungwe a Scandinavia, malo okhometsa msonkho m'malo mwa nyumba, kupanga zikhulupiliro za commonwealth kuphatikizapo chikhulupiliro choteteza mlengalenga kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo (ndingazindikire kuti asilikali a US amadzinenera kuti ali ndi izo, komanso malo akunja kupitirira) , ndalama zomwe anthu amapeza padziko lonse lapansi, kupanga bajeti yogwirizana nawo, kusintha zisankho, ndi kukana malingaliro amisala monga kusamukira ku Mars pamene Dziko Lapansi latayidwa.
Patsamba 160 la 186, "nkhondo" imatchulidwa liwu limodzi pamndandanda ngati vuto lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Monbiot akufuna, monga ine ndikufuna, kusuntha mphamvu zina pansi ndi zina mmwamba. Akufuna kusamutsa ena kuchokera ku mabungwe apadziko lonse kupita ku mayiko, pomwe ine ndikufuna kusamuka kuchokera kumayiko kupita kumadera. Komabe akufunanso kukonzanso mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti awakhazikitse demokalase, pamutu womwe ndikupangira kuti muwunikenso zopambana mumpikisano waposachedwa wa Global Challenges, komanso zomwe ndidataya zomwe sindinazisindikize koma zomwe Ndilemba pansipa. Monbiot akufunsira Nyumba Yamalamulo Yadziko Lonse. Lingaliro labwino!
Kutipatsa chiyembekezo, Monbiot akulozera ku Bernie Sanders kampeni. Ndikuganiza kuti owerenga aku US angapindule kwambiri pakuwunikanso zomwe a Jeremy Corbyn adachita ndale. Ndipo pali kusintha kwa US pa Bernie Sanders, mwa mawonekedwe a kampeni ya Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez - kuwongoleranso pakupambana kwenikweni.
