ndi Lawrence Wittner, Januware 1, 2018, Nkhondo Ndi Upandu.
M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1930, malo ogulitsa kwambiri kuwulula za malonda a zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza ndi US Kufufuza kwa Congressional Opanga zida motsogozedwa ndi Senator Gerald Nye, adakhudza kwambiri malingaliro a anthu aku America. Pokhulupirira kuti makontrakitala ankhondo akuyambitsa malonda a zida ndi nkhondo kuti apeze phindu, anthu ambiri adadzudzula “amalonda a imfa” ameneŵa.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu pambuyo pake, omwe adawalowa m'malo, omwe tsopano mwaulemu amatchedwa "makontrakitala achitetezo," ali moyo ndipo ali bwino. Malinga ndi phunziro ndi Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, malonda a zida ndi ntchito zankhondo ndi akuluakulu 100 ogulitsa zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi mu 2016 (chaka chaposachedwa chomwe ziwerengero zake zilipo) zidakwera mpaka $375 biliyoni. Mabungwe aku US adachulukitsa gawo lawo lachiwonkhetso mpaka pafupifupi 58 peresenti, kupereka zida ku osachepera 100 mayiko kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi.
Udindo waukulu wa mabungwe a US pa malonda a zida zapadziko lonse lapansi umachokera ku zoyesayesa za akuluakulu a boma la United States. “Mbali zazikulu za boma,” akutero katswiri wa zankhondo William Hartung, "akufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zankhondo zaku America zidzaza msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo makampani ngati Lockheed ndi Boeing azikhala moyo wabwino. Kuchokera kwa purezidenti pamaulendo ake akunja kukayendera atsogoleri a mayiko ogwirizana ndi alembi a boma ndi chitetezo kwa ogwira ntchito ku ofesi ya kazembe wa US, akuluakulu aku America amakhala ngati ogulitsa kumakampani opanga zida. " Kuphatikiza apo, akuti, "Pentagon ndiyowathandizira. Kuchokera pakuchita malonda, kuthandizira, ndi kusungitsa kwenikweni ndalama zogulira zida zankhondo mpaka kusamutsira zida kwa mabungwe okondedwa pamtengo wa okhometsa msonkho, ndiye kwenikweni wogulitsa zida zankhondo wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 2013, pamene Tom Kelly, wachiwiri kwa mlembi wothandizira wa Boma la State Department of Political Affairs anafunsidwa pamsonkhano wa Congress kuti ngati boma la Obama likuchita mokwanira kulimbikitsa malonda a zida za ku America, anayankha kuti: "[Ife] zamakampani athu ndikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuwonetsetsa kuti malondawa adutsa. . . ndipo ndicho chimene tikuchita tsiku lililonse, makamaka [pa] kontinenti iliyonse padziko lapansi . . . ndipo nthawi zonse timaganizira za momwe tingachitire bwino. ” Izi zidatsimikizira kuwunika kokwanira, chifukwa m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyamba zaulamuliro wa Obama, akuluakulu aboma la US adapeza mapangano oti agulitse zida za US zopitilira $190 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku Middle East komwe kukusakhazikika. Adafunitsitsa kupitilira omwe adakhalapo kale, Purezidenti Donald Lipenga, paulendo wake woyamba wa kutsidya lina la nyanja, anadzitamandira za ndalama zokwana madola 110 biliyoni (zokwana madola 350 biliyoni m’zaka khumi zikubwerazi) ndi Saudi Arabia.
Msika waukulu kwambiri wa zida zankhondo udakali United States, chifukwa dziko lino lili loyamba pakati pa mayiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo, ndi peresenti 36 za chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi. Trump ndi wokonda wokonda zankhondo, monga momwe zilili ndi Republican Congress, yomwe pakali pano ikuvomereza a Phukusi la 13 likuwonjezeka mu bajeti yakale yaku US yankhondo. Zambiri mwazomwe zidzawonongedwe pankhondo zamtsogolo zidzaperekedwa pakugula zida zatsopano komanso zokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa. makontrakitala ankhondo ndi aluso popereka ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri popereka zopereka kwa andale osowa, kugwiritsa ntchito anthu 700 mpaka 1,000 kuti awathandize, ponena kuti malo awo opangira usilikali ndi ofunikira kuti apange ntchito, ndikusonkhanitsa akasinja awo oganiza bwino omwe amalipidwa ndi makampani kuti awonetsere kuchuluka kwamayiko akunja. "zoopsa."
Angathenso kudalira kulandiridwa mwaubwenzi kuchokera kwa akuluakulu awo akale omwe tsopano ali ndi maudindo apamwamba mu kayendetsedwe ka Trump, kuphatikizapo: Mlembi wa Chitetezo James Mattis (yemwe kale anali membala wa General Dynamics); Mkulu wa Ogwira ntchito ku White House a John Kelly (omwe kale ankalembedwa ntchito ndi makontrakitala angapo ankhondo); Wachiwiri kwa Secretary of Defense Patrick Shanahan (yemwe kale anali wamkulu wa Boeing); Mlembi wa Gulu Lankhondo Mark Esper (yemwe kale anali wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Raytheon); Mlembi wa Air Force Heather Wilson (mlangizi wakale wa Lockheed Martin); Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition Ellen Lord (yemwe kale anali CEO wa kampani yazamlengalenga); ndi Chief of Staff of National Security Council Keith Kellogg (yemwe kale anali wogwira ntchito m'gulu lalikulu lankhondo ndi intelligence).
Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa makontrakitala ankhondo aku US, monga zikusonyezera nkhani ya Lockheed Martin, wamalonda wamkulu wa zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2016, malonda a zida za Lockheed adakwera pafupifupi 11 peresenti ku $ Biliyoni 41, ndipo kampaniyo ili pachiwopsezo chokulirapo chifukwa cha kupanga kwake Ndege yankhondo ya F-35. Lockheed adayamba ntchito yopanga ndege zankhondo zapamwamba kwambiri muzaka za m'ma 1980 ndipo, kuyambira 2001, boma la US lakhala likuwononga ndalama zambiri. $ Biliyoni 100 kwa kupanga kwake. Masiku ano, kuyerekezera kwa akatswiri ankhondo pamitengo yonse kwa okhometsa misonkho a 2,440 F-35s ofunidwa ndi akuluakulu a Pentagon amachokera ku $ 1 zankhaninkhani, ku $ 1.5 zankhaninkhani,, kupanga izo pulogalamu yotsika mtengo kwambiri yogula zinthu m'mbiri ya US.
Okonda F-35 alungamitsa mtengo wokwera wa ndege yankhondo potsindika kuthekera kwake konyamuka mwachangu ndikutera molunjika, komanso kusinthasintha kwake kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi nthambi zitatu zankhondo zaku US. Ndipo kutchuka kwake kungawonetsenso malingaliro awo kuti mphamvu zake zowononga zidzawathandiza kupambana nkhondo zamtsogolo zolimbana ndi Russia ndi China. "Sitingathe kulowa mu ndegezo mofulumira," Lieutenant General Jon Davis, mkulu wa ndege za Marine Corps, anauza komiti ya House Armed Services kumayambiriro kwa 2017. "Tili ndi osintha masewera, wopambana pankhondo, m'manja mwathu. ”
Ngakhale zili choncho, akatswiri a ndege onetsani kuti F-35 ikupitilizabe kukhala ndi zovuta zamapangidwe komanso kuti makina ake otsogola apamwamba kwambiri apakompyuta ali pachiwopsezo cha cyberattack. Katswiri wina wa zankhondo wa m’bungwe la Project on Government Oversight anati: “Ndegeyi yatsala pang’ono kunyamuka kuti iyambe kumenya nkhondo. "Potengera nthawi yayitali bwanji ikupangidwa, muyenera kudzifunsa ngati ikhala yokonzeka."
Podabwa ndi kuwononga kwakukulu kwa polojekiti ya F-35, Donald Lipenga poyamba adanyoza ntchitoyi kuti "yopanda mphamvu." Koma, atakumana ndi akuluakulu a Pentagon ndi mkulu wa bungwe la Lockheed Marilynn Hewson, pulezidenti watsopanoyo adasintha, kuyamikira "F-35 yodabwitsa" ngati "ndege yaikulu" ndikuvomereza mgwirizano wa madola mabiliyoni ambiri kwa 90 ena.
Poyang'ana m'mbuyo, palibe chomwe chiri chodabwitsa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, makontrakitala ena akuluakulu ankhondo - mwachitsanzo, a Nazi Germany Krupp ndi IG Farben ndi fascist Japan Mitsubishi ndi Sumitomo ―anachita bwino kwambiri popatsa mayiko awo zida zankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ndipo anapitiriza kuchita bwino pambuyo pake. Malingana ngati anthu asungabe chikhulupiriro chawo pa mtengo wapamwamba wa mphamvu zankhondo, tikhoza kuyembekezera kuti Lockheed Martin ndi "amalonda a imfa" ena apitirizebe kupindula ndi nkhondo mowonongera anthu.
Lawrence Wittner (http://www.lawrenceswittner.com) ndi Pulofesa wa Mbiri yotuluka ku SUNY/Albany komanso wolemba Kulimbana ndi Bomba (Stanford University Press).
