Ndi Hero Anwar Bzrw ndi Gayle Morrow, January 31, 2019
kuchokera Kuwongolera
Mu August wa 1990, Saddam Hussein anatumiza asilikali a Iraq ku Kuwait, omwe anali olemera kwambiri ku Iraq, molakwika poganiza kuti mayiko ena achiarabu a m'deralo ndi United States sangawathandize ku Kuwait. Mayiko a United Nations anachita mofulumira ndipo, polimbikitsidwa ndi a US ndi a UK, adaika chilango chachuma kudzera mwa Resolution 661 pamodzi ndi chitetezo chamadzi kuti akwaniritse chigamulo ndi Resolution 665. Mu November, UN adapereka Resolution 668 yopereka Iraq kufikira January 15, 1991, kuchoka kapena kuthana ndi nkhondo kuchokera ku mabungwe a United Nations.
Pa January 16, 1991, ndi asilikali a Iraq omwe adagonjetsedwa ku Kuwait, Operation Desert Storm, motsogoleredwa ndi American General Norman Schwarzkopf ndipo adayanjanitsidwa ndi mayiko makumi atatu ndi awiri a UN, anayamba ndi ndege yoyamba yomenyera nkhondo kuchokera ku Persian Gulf, yomwe ili ku Baghdad. Zilonda zinapitilira kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu-1990-2003-mpaka patatha nthawi yaitali boma la Iraqi litachoka ku Kuwait.
Anwar Brzw, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake, anali wophunzira ku yunivesite ya Salahaddin ku Erbil, Iraq, mbali ya kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikoli - Kurdistan. Iraq ndi Kurdistan akhala akutsutsana kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zigawenga zinabwerera posachedwa pambuyo pa WWI, pamene Ufumu wa Ottoman unagawidwa ngati zofunkha za nkhondo, ndipo a British adalanda dera lino.
Izi ndizobwezera nkhani yake yokhudza mantha ndi nkhondo komanso zotsatira zowawa za chilango cha anthu a Kurdish ndi Iraq.
Nkhani ya Hero
Kuwait analowa mu 1990. Ife omwe tikhoza kulipira tinkaopa chiwonongeko ichi. Ife tinadziwa kuti kunali kolakwika kuti Iraq iukire Kuwait, ndipo ife tinadziwa kuti mtengo uyenera kulipiridwa potsiriza ndi ife, anthu, osati omwe ali mu boma omwe anayambitsa izo. Ine ndinali wophunzira ku yunivesite, ndipo ophunzira anali akuchoka. "Ndibwino kukhala panyumba pakakhala chiwembu," adatero.
Poyambirira zilango zomwe tinapatsidwa zinatipweteka kwambiri. Zinasokoneza kwambiri. Poyamba ku Iraq ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu zofunika sizinali zodula, koma nthawi yomweyo mitengo iwirikiza, katatu, kenako kutsekemera mopanda nzeru. Anthu mwachibadwa anayamba kuda nkhaŵa kwambiri za zofunika zofunika kwambiri pamoyo, chakudya. Izi zinasokonekera ndi chisokonezo china choopsa-kuyembekezera nkhondo. Kwa ambiri a ife njira yolimbana nayo pachiyambi inali kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zathu; Ndiye, pamene adauma, kugulitsa chilichonse chimene tingathe.
Ku Iraq, timadya katatu patsiku ndikudya pakati. Pang'onopang'ono izi zinasanduka chakudya chambiri patsiku. Mu Iraq anthu ankakonda kumwa tiyi katatu patsiku. Mwadzidzidzi sitinathe kukwanitsa izi, ngakhale tiyi sichidula.
Tangoganizani kuti musakhale ndi chakudya chokwanira pa tebulo kuti mukwaniritse, kudya kuti mupulumuke. M'banja mwathu tikhoza kukhala ndi moyo pachiyambi, koma m'zaka ziwiri zapitazo zotsutsa tinachoka patebulo tili ndi njala, chifukwa zaka ziwiri mosalekeza. Panali mabanja enanso amene ana awo analephera kusukulu chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Aphunzitsi omwe ali pachiopsezo akuti tsiku lililonse ana atatu amawatengera kuchipatala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.
[Kuperewera kwa osankhidwa-osokonezeka kwa chakudya sikunali kokhawo. Kurds, monga Hero Anwar Brzw, anakumana ndi zilango ziwiri. Kuwonjezera pa zilango padziko lonse ku Iraq, boma la Baghdad linalanga anthu ena a ku Kurds, chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka Kurdistan.]
Baghdad adalanga Kurdistan mwa kuchepetsa magetsi athu kwa maola awiri kapena awiri patsiku. Malamulo awa anapitiriza kwa zaka zambiri. Mayi anga ankaphika mkate pa ola lomwelo, kuti padzakhala chakudya chamadzulo tsiku lotsatira. Sitinathe kugula mkate kuchokera ku mikate yophika mikate monga momwe tinkakonda kuchita tisanaloledwe.
Mafuta anali vuto lalikulu. Tinali ndi ng'anjo yamoto koma sitinagwiritse ntchito, chifukwa cha zoletsedwa ku Baghdad pa palafini. Tinapanga uvuni kuchokera ku zitini zowonjezera zowonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mzere umodzi wa magetsi kuti tigwiritse ntchito popuma komanso china chophika.
Mu nthawi yochuluka, simungadye mkate umenewo chifukwa sizinali zabwino, koma chifukwa tinali ndi njala, zinkawoneka zokoma kwa ife. Zakudya zabwino zonse zinayima: zokometsera, maswiti, ndi zipatso. Maganizo athu tinkaona kuti tilibe chitetezo nthawi zonse.
Amayi adaphika msuzi wa lenti ndipo tinasakaniza msuzi ndi zidutswa za mkate kuti tidye. Nthaŵi ina, mmalo mwa kuwonjezera mkaka, Amayi anawonjezera mwatsamba kwambiri wa tsabola. Sitinathe kudya msuzi. Ife tinayesera, koma izo zinali zokometsera kwambiri. Koma chifukwa cha ndalamazo, amayi sananene kuti, "Chabwino, tidzakhala ndi zina."
Zinali zopweteka kudya msuzi umenewo. Ife tinali kulira, ndiye kuyesera kachiwiri kuti tidye izo. Chakudya chathunthu chatayika. Sitinathe basi kudya. Koma tsiku lotsatira amayi adayambiranso. Iye anati: "Sindingathe kutaya chakudya." Zili zovuta bwanji kutipatsa ife chakudya chimene adadziwa kuti sitinachikonda, ndipo sitingadye! Zaka zonsezi ndikukumbukirabe.
Mabungwe onse ogwira ntchito zapagulu sankagwira bwino ntchito chifukwa cha chilango, kuphatikizapo zaumoyo. Zisanafike nthawiyi, zipatala ndi zithandizo zachipatala zinali zothandizidwa ndi boma, ngakhale matenda opatsirana komanso odwala. Tinalandiranso mankhwala aufulu kwa madandaulo onse.
Chifukwa cha zoletsedwa, panali zosankha zochepa za mitundu yonse ya mankhwala. Mankhwala opezeka amangokhala m'magulu oletsedwa. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zosankhazo kunakhala koletsedwa ndi chidaliro mu dongosolo mwachibadwa.
Izi zinakhudza opaleshoni komanso thanzi labwino. Pambuyo pa chilangocho, kusowa chakudya kunayambitsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kunakhala katundu watsopano pa chipatala, pomwe dongosololo lidali ndi mankhwala ochepa ndi zipangizo zochepa kuposa kale.
Kuwonjezera mavuto, nyengo yozizira ku Kurdistan imakhala yozizira kwambiri. Kerosene ndiyo njira yowonjezera yotentha, koma boma la Iraqi linangololeza mafuta a kerosene m'mizinda itatu ya Kurdish. Kumalo ena kunali matalala ndipo tinalibe njira zowonetsera nyumba zathu.
Ngati anthu anzeru amayesera kubweretsa mafuta a palasiya khumi ndi makumi awiri kapena makumi awiri kuchokera kumadera olamulidwa ndi boma la Baghdad kupita kumadera popanda mafuta, mafutawa achotsedwa kwa iwo. Anthu amayesa kunyamula zolemetsazo kumbuyo kwawo kuti apite kudutsa; nthawizina iwo amalephera, nthawizina iwo sanatero. Munthu mmodzi anali ndi mafuta onunkhira pa iye ndipo anakhazikika; iye anakhala nyali yaumunthu kuti awononge ena.
Ingoganizirani ngati mukadakhala kuti mulibe mwayi wazogulitsa kuchokera mumzinda wina m'dziko lanu! Zilango zamkati motsutsana ndi anthu achi Kurd zinali zowopsa kwambiri kuposa ziletso zapadziko lonse lapansi. Sitinathe kugula masiku movomerezeka. Anthu amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuti abweretse madeti kuchokera kudera lina la Iraq kupita kwina. Sitingakhale ndi tomato ku Erbil, ngakhale m'dera la Mosul, osapitirira ola limodzi, panali malo obiriwira pomwe adalima tomato.
Zolinga zonsezi zinapitirira mpaka ulamuliro wa Saddam unagwa mu 2003.
Komabe muyenera kudziwa kuti zilangozo zinagwera pa anthu - anthu a ku Iraq omwe alibe chilungamo - osati boma. Saddam Hussein ndi omuthandizira ake amatha kugula mitundu yonse ya mowa, ndudu, ndi zina zotero - chilichonse chimene iwo akufuna, makamaka chofunika kwambiri pa chirichonse. Iwo sanavutike ndi chilango.
Zilango zomwe anthu aku Iraq adapatsidwa ndi omwe amatchedwa "dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi," United States of America, adapha anthu ambiri, osati ndi bomba komanso zipolopolo zokha, komanso chifukwa cha njala, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kutopa, mankhwala osapezeka; ana amwalira chifukwa chosowa chakudya komanso mankhwala. Zomwe zikufotokozedwazo ndi mlandu waukulu wankhondo.
[Mu 1996 CBS 60 Mphindi zoyankhulana, Madeleine Albright anafunsidwa ndi Leslie Stahl ngati imfa ya ana a 500,000 panthawi ya chilango inali mtengo wogula. Albright anayankha, "Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri, koma mtengo - timaganiza kuti mtengowu ndi wofunika kwambiri."]
Panalinso anthu a Kurd ndi a Iraqi omwe adadzipha okha mwa kusimidwa, chifukwa sakanatha kupezera mabanja awo okwanira. Mayina awo sanawonjezere ku mndandanda wa ozunzidwa. Ndiye pali anthu omwe adakhoma ndalama kwa ena kuti sangathe kubweza; iwo ananyozedwa ndipo amaopsezedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amadzipha kudzipha.
Kuyambira pachiyambi tinadziwa kuti chilangocho sichinasinthe boma: sizinali zachiwawa chifukwa cha chilangocho! Iwo anali ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito motsutsa anthu a Iraq, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito izo, ndipo iwo amatipweteka ife.
Zilibe zomveka koma ngati masewera onyenga. Mwachidziŵikire chinali chokhudza kugawidwa kwa Kuwait, kuonetsetsa kuti Saddam sanaukire mayiko ena ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zowononga anthu kuti Saddam ayenera kusungidwa kwinakwake. Anthu a ku US anafunika kulandira chithandizo cha mafakitale.
Komabe zomwe US anachita ndi kuteteza mankhwala ofunika ndi chakudya chochokera ku Iraq, kupha miyoyo ya anthu osalakwa a ku Iraqi ndikuwombera anthu zikwi mazana ambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kusowa chithandizo chamankhwala.
Munthu wosokonezeka wopanda mwayi wakuchiritsidwa, ndipo palibe mwayi wopereka uphungu, sangathe kuwona bwino. Amawona chirichonse ndi "US" akusindikizidwa pa izo ndipo amadana ndi US. Iye akuganiza kuti mpata wokha wobwezera ndi kupyolera mu nkhondo. Ngati mupita ku mayiko monga Iraq, Afghanistan, kapena maiko ena ambiri omwe akuvutika ndi ndondomeko za US, kunyamula pasipoti yanu ya US ikhoza kuyika moyo wanu pangozi chifukwa cha zochitika zoipa za boma la US.
[kafukufuku ndi Gallup, Pew, ndi mabungwe ena nthawi zonse, kuyambira pa 2013, amasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri m'mayiko ena amaona kuti US ndizoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuonjezera apo, akuluakulu akuluakulu akale ndi amodzi omwe kale ndi asilikali apita kale kuti ndondomeko za US zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko achi Muslim zimapanga magulu ambiri kuposa momwe amachitira.]
Kukulitsa chidwi kumathandiza anthu kuti "Ayi" kusalungama. Izi ndi zomwe tingachite. Kugawana nthano izi ndi njira yathu yochenjezera dziko lapansi za zotsatira zowonongeka, zosawoneka zaumunthu za chilango.
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Hero Anwar Brzw adabadwa pa Meyi 25, 1971 ku Sulaymaniyah ku Kurdistan, Iraq. Iye anamutenga iye digiri ya bachelor mu zomangamanga ku 1992 ku Salahaddin University ku Erbil, Iraq. Ndiwo Deputy Deputy Country for REACH(Kubwezeretsa, Maphunziro ndi Umoyo Wachigawo) ku Iraq.
Gayle Morrow ndi wolemba wodzipereka ndi wofufuza World BEYOND War, dziko lonse lapansi, malo oyanjanitsa nkhondo. Gayle athandizidwa ndi kukonzanso kuwala ndi kufotokozera ndemanga pa nkhaniyi.
Ntchito yothandizirayi ndi zotsatira za zopereka zambiri zodzipereka ndikukonza ndondomeko. Chifukwa cha ambiri omwe sanatchulidwe mayina World BEYOND War Odzipereka omwe anathandiza kupanga chidutswachi.
