By David Swanson, May 28, 2018.
"Tsiku la Chikumbutso ndi nthawi yokumbukira, kuyamikira, ndi kulemekeza okonda dziko lawo omwe adadzipereka kwambiri potumikira ufulu. Panthawi yomwe dziko lathu likuwoneka logawanika kwambiri, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti ndi chifukwa cha utumiki wawo ndi kudzipereka kwawo kuti tikukhala m'dziko laufulu ndi lotukuka kwambiri pa Dziko Lapansi. " - Congressman Tom Garrett
Zingakhale zovuta kuwerengera mabodza onse omwe ali pamwambawa. Tiyeni tingowunikira zingapo.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi "zaulere kwambiri."
Bungwe la Legatum Institute lochokera ku Britain, lomwe lili pa nambala 18 pa “zotukuka” za United States, likuiika pa nambala 28 pa “ufulu waumwini.”[I] Bungwe la Cato Institute lochokera ku United States laika United States pa nambala 24 pa “ufulu waumwini” ndiponso pa nambala 11 pa “ufulu wazachuma.”[Ii] World Freedom Index yochokera ku Canada yaika United States pa nambala 27 poganizira zophatikiza za “zachuma,” “zandale,” ndi “zankhani”.[III] Bungwe la Freedom House lothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi boma la US likuika United States pa nambala 16 pa "ufulu wa anthu."[Iv] Bungwe la Reporters Without Borders lochokera ku France likuyika United States pa nambala 43 pa "ufulu wa atolankhani."[V] Bungwe la US-based Heritage Foundation likuyika United States 18th mu "ufulu wazachuma."[vi] World Index of Moral Freedom yochokera ku Spain ikuyika United States pa nambala 7.[vii] Wochokera ku Britain Magazini ya EconomistDemokalase Index ili ndi United States munjira zitatu pa malo a 20.[viii] Gulu la Polity Data Series lothandizidwa ndi CIA limapatsa demokalase ya US chiphaso cha 8 mwa 10, koma imapatsa mayiko ena 58 chiwongola dzanja chokwera.[ix] Lingaliro lina la magwero ameneŵa laufulu ndi losemphana ndi wina ndi mzake, komanso maganizo anga a anthu abwino. Mfundo ndi yakuti palibe aliyense, kumanzere kapena kumanja kapena kwina kulikonse, amene amaika United States monga mtsogoleri wa ufulu, mwa kutanthauzira kulikonse - ngakhale mu "ufulu wachuma" wa capitalism. Zogwirizana, ngakhale mosiyana, ufulu ndi kumangidwa, komwe United States imakhala yoyamba pa chiwerengero chonse cha akaidi, komanso pa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali m'ndende (kupatulapo zilumba za Seychelles).[x]
Tiyeni tikambiranenso za “ambiri . . . wotukuka.”
Dziko la United States lili ndi chuma chachikulu kwambiri chapakhomo (GDP).[xi] Mu GDP kutengera Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), komabe United States ikutsatira China ndi European Union.[xii] (PPP ndi njira yowerengetsera mitengo yakusinthana pakati pa ndalama zomwe zimayang'anira kusintha kwa ndalama zamoyo ndi mitengo.) Ngakhale chuma cha United States chili ndi mtsogoleri pa munthu aliyense.[xiii] Ndipo, ngakhale zitatero, sizingatanthauze momwe zimamvekera kwa anthu ambiri ku United States, chifukwa dziko lino lomwe lili ndi ndowa yayikulu kwambiri lagawanso mosagwirizana kwambiri kuposa dziko lililonse lolemera, kupatsa United States zonse ziwiri. gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mabiliyoni[xiv] padziko lapansi komanso ziŵerengero zapamwamba kwambiri kapena pafupifupi zokwera kwambiri za umphaŵi ndi umphaŵi wa ana pakati pa mayiko olemera.[xv] United States ili pa 111th mwa mayiko a 150 kuti azipeza ndalama zofanana, malinga ndi CIA[xvi], kapena 100 pa 158, malinga ndi World Bank[xvii], pamene kugawira chuma moyenerera (mulingo wosiyana kwambiri ndi ndalama), malinga ndi kuwerengetsa kumodzi[xviii], United States ili pa nambala 147 mwa mayiko 152.
Mu December 2017, Mtolankhani Wapadera wa United Nations Wokhudza Umphawi Wadzaoneni anapereka lipoti la United States lomwe linaphatikizapo mizere iyi:[xix]
- Chiwerengero cha imfa za makanda ku US mu 2013 chinali chokwera kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka.
- Anthu a ku America akhoza kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo waufupi komanso wodwala, poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe akukhala mu demokalase ina iliyonse yolemera, ndipo "kusiyana kwa thanzi" pakati pa US ndi mayiko anzawo akupitirira kukula.
- Kusafanana kwa US ndikwambiri kuposa mayiko ambiri aku Europe.
- Matenda osasamala, kuphatikizapo Zika, akufala kwambiri ku USA. Akuti anthu 12 miliyoni a ku America amakhala ndi matenda a parasitic onyalanyazidwa. Lipoti la 2017 likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa nyongolotsi ku Lowndes County, Alabama.
- US ili ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri m'maiko otukuka.
- Pankhani yopeza madzi ndi ukhondo US ili pa nambala 36 padziko lonse lapansi.
- America ili ndi anthu omangidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, patsogolo pa Turkmenistan, El Salvador, Cuba, Thailand ndi Russian Federation. Mlingo wake ndi pafupifupi kasanu kuposa avareji ya OECD. [OECD imatanthauza Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, bungwe lomwe lili ndi mayiko 35 omwe ali mamembala.]
- Chiwopsezo cha umphawi kwa achinyamata ku United States ndichokwera kwambiri ku OECD pomwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a umphawi ali paumphawi poyerekeza ndi ochepera 14 peresenti kudutsa OECD.
- Stanford Center on Inequality and Poverty ili ndi mayiko olemera kwambiri pankhani ya misika yantchito, umphawi, chitetezo, kusalingana kwachuma, komanso kusayenda bwino kwachuma. US imabwera m'mayiko 10 olemera kwambiri, ndi 18 pakati pa 21 apamwamba.
- Mu OECD dziko la US lili pa nambala 35 mwa 37 pankhani ya umphawi ndi kusalingana.
- Malinga ndi World Income Inequality Database, US ili ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa Gini (kuyezera kusalingana) kwa Mayiko onse a Kumadzulo.
- Bungwe la Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality linanena kuti dziko la United States ndi "lodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino mu mgwirizano waumphawi wa ana." Umphawi wa ana ku US ndiwokwera kwambiri pakati pa mayiko asanu ndi limodzi olemera kwambiri - Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden ndi Norway.
Choncho, osati olemera kwambiri, osati motalika kwambiri. Nanga bwanji mwayi kapena kusamuka? Kodi “ufulu” wa United States kwenikweni suli wogwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti, pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ambiri sali olemera koposa, aliyense wa iwo angakhale wolemera koposa ndi ntchito yolimbikira yokwanira? Zoona zake, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zosiyana, pali kusayenda bwino komanso magulu azachuma okhazikika ku United States kuposa mayiko ena olemera.[xx]
Tsopano, lingalirani "anapereka nsembe yomaliza."
Chowonadi ndi chakuti gulu lankhondo "lodzipereka" ndi ntchito imodzi "yodzipereka" padziko lapansi yomwe saloledwa kusiya kudzipereka. Kuthawa kumatanthauza chilango. Komanso tsiku lomaliza la mgwirizano silingatheke ngati asitikali angasankhe kuwonjezera. Komanso kulembetsa sikofunikira nthawi zonse.
Malingana ndi Not Your Soldier Project:
"Ambiri mwa anthu amene amapita usilikali amachokera kumadera ochepa omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri.
"Mu 2004, 71 peresenti ya anthu akuda, osankhidwa a 65 a ku Latino anagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo 58 peresenti ya anthu oyerawo anachokera kuchokera kumidzi yapakatikati.
"Anthu ambiri omwe amaphunzira kusukulu ya sekondale nthawi zonse anachoka ku 86 peresenti mu 2004 mpaka 73 peresenti mu 2006.
"[A recruiters] sanena konse kuti ndalama za koleji zimakhala zovuta kubwera - anthu ochepa chabe a 16 omwe adatumizidwa ntchito zaka zinayi adalandira ndalama zothandizira sukulu. Iwo samanena kuti luso la ntchito lomwe amalonjeza silidzapita kudziko lenileni. Ndi a 12 peresenti yokha ya azimayi omwe amamenya nkhondo komanso a 6 peresenti ya akazi achimuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe amaphunzira ku usilikali pa ntchito zawo zamakono. Ndipo ndithudi, iwo amatsutsa chiopsezo chophedwa pamene ali pantchito. "
Mu nyuzipepala ya 2007 Jorge Mariscal anasanthula kufufuza kwa Associated Press kuti "pafupifupi atatu mwa magawo anayi a [asilikali a US] omwe anaphedwa ku Iraq anachokera m'matawuni omwe anthu omwe anali nawo amapeza ndalama zosachepera. Oposa theka anabwera kuchokera kumatawuni komwe anthu ochuluka omwe amakhala mu umphawi amawerengera anthu onse. "
Mariscal analemba kuti: "Mwina sizodabwitsa,
"Kuti Pulogalamu ya GED Plus Enlistment Programme, yomwe opempha popanda dipatimenti ya sekondale amaloledwa kuitanitsa pamene amaliza chikole chovomerezeka ku sukulu yapamwamba, akuyang'ana m'madera akumidzi.
"Pamene achinyamata achinyamata amagwira ntchito ku koleji ya kumudzi kwawo, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi olemba usilikali akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti awafooketse. 'Simukupita kulikonse pano,' olemba ntchito amanena. 'Malo awa ndi mapeto atha. Ndikutha kukupatsani zambiri. ' Maphunziro opangidwa ndi Pentagon - monga a RAND Corporation a 'Youth Recruitment' ku Market Market: Zochita Zamakono ndi Zotsatila Zotsatira za Ndondomeko '- lankhulani momasuka za koleji monga mpikisano wokhala nawo mmodzi pamsika wa achinyamata. . . .
"Sikuti onse amene amaphunzitsidwa, amatsogoleredwa ndi ndalama. M'magulu ogwira ntchito a mtundu uliwonse, kawirikawiri pamakhala miyambo yambiri yautumiki wa usilikali komanso maulumikizano pakati pa utumiki ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba aumunthu. Kwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti 'achilendo,' monga Latinos ndi Asiya, pali zovuta kuti azitumikira kuti atsimikizire kuti wina ndi 'American'. Kwa anthu omwe asamukira kumene, ali ndi luso lokhala mzika kapena kukhala nzika. Kulimbana ndi zachuma, komabe, ndizosatsutsika. . . . "
Mariscal amadziwa kuti pali zifukwa zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo chikhumbo chochita chinthu chofunikira ndi chofunikira kwa ena. Koma amakhulupirira kuti zokhumba zowonongeka zikusocheretsedwa:
"Mu zochitika izi, chikhumbo 'chopanga kusiyana,' kamodzi atalowetsedwa mu zida zankhondo, chikutanthauza kuti achinyamata a ku America angafunike kupha anthu osalakwa kapena kuzunzidwa ndi zenizeni za nkhondo. Tengani chitsanzo choipa cha Sgt. Paul Cortez, yemwe adaphunzira ku 2000 kuchokera ku Central High School m'tawuni ya Barstow, Calif., Adagwirizana ndi ankhondo ndipo anatumizidwa ku Iraq. Pa March 12, 2006, adachita nawo chigwirizano cha chigawenga cha msungwana wakale wa ku Iraq wa 14 ndi kupha iye ndi banja lake lonse.
"Akafunsidwa za Cortez, mnzake wa m'kalasiyo anati: 'Sangachitepo zoterozo. Iye samamupweteka mkazi. Iye sakanakhoza kugunda chimodzi kapena ngakhale kukweza dzanja lake kwa mmodzi. Kulimbana ndi dziko lake ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma osati pankhani ya kugwiririra ndi kupha. Si iyeyo. ' Tiyeni tivomereze zomwe akunena kuti 'si iyeyo.' Komabe, chifukwa cha zochitika zosayembekezereka komanso zosakhululukidwa pambali ya nkhondo yoletsedwa ndi yachiwerewere, 'icho' ndi chimene iye anakhala. Pa February 21, 2007, Cortez adapereka chilolezo kwa kugwiriridwa ndi ziwerengero zinayi zopha munthu. Anatsutsidwa masiku angapo pambuyo pake, anaweruzidwa kukhala m'ndende komanso moyo wake wonse kumoto. "[xxi]
Osakumbukira zonyansa zatchuthi zomwe zimakumbukira zochepa chabe za ovulala pankhondo zaku US omwe ndi anthu ochokera ku United States, ndipo samapatula ambiri omwe adadzipha. Miyoyo iyi "sikuperekedwa". Iwo atengedwa. Ndipo kuwazindikiritsa ngati "nsembe" zopatulika ku cholinga china cholemekezeka kapena mulungu wankhondo kapena mbendera yopatulika yomwe muyenera kuyima ndipo osagwada potsutsa sikulakwa.
Pulezidenti John F. Kennedy analemba m’kalata yake yopita kwa bwenzi lake mawu amene sakanati alankhulepo kuti: “Nkhondo idzakhalapo mpaka kalekale pamene munthu wokana usilikali chifukwa cha zimene amakhulupirira adzakhala ndi mbiri yofanana ndi imene wankhondoyo ali nayo masiku ano. Ndikanasintha mawu amenewo pang'ono. Izi ziyenera kuphatikizapo amene akukana kumenya nawo nkhondo kaya apatsidwa udindo “wokana kulowa usilikali chifukwa cha zimene amakhulupirira” kapena ayi. Ndipo izi ziphatikizeponso omwe akukana nkhondo popanda chiwawa kunja kwa usilikali, kuphatikizapo kupita kumalo omwe akuyembekezeredwa kuphulitsa mabomba kuti akakhale "zishango za anthu."
Purezidenti Barack Obama atapatsidwa Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel ndipo ananena kuti anthu ena anali oyenerera, nthawi yomweyo ndinaganiza zingapo. Ena mwa anthu olimba mtima omwe ndimawadziwa kapena amvapo zakana kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo zamakono kapena kuyesa kuyika matupi awo m'magiya ankhondo. Akanakhala kuti anali ndi mbiri yofanana ndi ya ankhondo aja, tonse tikanamva za iwo. Ngati anapatsidwa ulemu wotero, ena a iwo akanaloledwa kulankhula kudzera m’mawailesi athu a wailesi yakanema ndi m’manyuzipepala.
Tiyeni tione "mu utumiki wa ufulu."
Timauzidwa kawirikawiri kuti nkhondo zimamenyedwera "ufulu." Koma pamene dziko lolemera likulimbana ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi dziko losauka (ngati chuma nthawi zambiri) padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa zolinga sizikuteteza dziko losauka kutenga olemera, pambuyo pake zikhoza kulepheretsa ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wawo. Zomwe zimayesedwa kuti zithandizire pa nkhondo siziphatikizapo zochitika zodabwitsa konse; mmalo mwake chiopsezo chimasonyezedwa ngati chimodzi ku chitetezo, osati ufulu.
Molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, ufulu uli ndi malire m'dzina lankhondo - ngakhale nkhondo zitha kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi m'dzina laufulu. Timayesa kukana kukokoloka kwa ufulu, kuyang'anitsitsa kopanda chilolezo, ma drones mumlengalenga, kutsekeredwa m'ndende zopanda malamulo, kuzunzidwa, kuphedwa, kukana kwa loya, kukana kupeza chidziwitso cha boma, ndi zina zotero. zizindikiro. Matendawa ndi nkhondo komanso kukonzekera nkhondo.
Ndi lingaliro la mdani lomwe limalola chinsinsi cha boma.
Mkhalidwe wa nkhondo, womwe umamenyedwa pakati pa anthu amtengo wapatali ndi otsika, umathandizira kukokoloka kwa ufulu mwa njira ina, kuwonjezera pa kuopa chitetezo. Ndiko kuti, zimalola kuti ufulu uyambe kuchotsedwa kwa anthu otsika. Koma mapulogalamu opangidwa kuti akwaniritse zomwe pambuyo pake amakulitsidwa molosera kuti aphatikizeponso anthu ofunikira.
Chigwirizano cha msilikali sichimasokoneza ufulu wokhawokha koma chiyambi cha kudzilamulira. Zimagulitsa katundu wa pagulu, zimapangitsa antchito a boma kuwononga, zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa nkhondo pakupanga ntchito za anthu kudalira pa izo.
Njira imodzi imene nkhondo imasokonezera chikhulupiliro cha anthu ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi mbadwo wawo wonyenga wodalirika.
Zowonongwanso, ndizo lingaliro lokha la lamulo la malamulo - m'malo mwazolowera.
Ndipo, ndithudi, monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, mtundu umene ukumenya nkhondo zambiri sikupambana m’kutulutsa ufulu wochuluka, ngakhale wapafupi. Nkhondo ikuchititsa asilikali apolisi, kulimbikitsa tsankho ndi tsankho, komanso kuletsa ufulu wolankhula ndi kusonkhana, ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito zambiri zaboma zikhale zachinsinsi.
Ngakhale kuti nkhondo zimalephera kuonjezera ufulu, zimalephera kuonjezera chitetezo. Ndipotu amaika pangozi. Pali zipangizo zothandiza kwambiri kuposa nkhondo yoteteza, ndipo nkhondo imayambitsa chidani. Zaka 17 zapitazi za nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira uchigawenga ndikupangitsa magulu odana ndi US pamlingo womwe mayiko omwe saphulitsa mayiko angapo nthawi imodzi sangayambe kulota.
Popereka zida zankhondo, zinthu zambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa: ngozi zokhudzana ndi zida, kuyesa koyipa kwa anthu, kuba, kugulitsa kwa ogwirizana omwe amakhala adani, komanso zosokoneza pakuchepetsa zomwe zimayambitsa uchigawenga ndi nkhondo ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Choncho, ndithudi, chiyenera kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogwiritsa ntchito zida mukakhala nazo. Ndipo kusonkhanitsa kwa dziko zida zankhondo kumakakamiza mayiko ena kuchita chimodzimodzi. Ngakhale dziko lomwe likufuna kumenyana kokha poteteza, likhoza kumvetsetsa "chitetezo" kukhala luso lobwezera mayiko ena. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kofunikira kupanga zida ndi njira zankhondo zaukali. Mukayika anthu ambiri kuti agwire ntchito yokonzekera zinazake, pomwe projekitiyo ilidi ndalama zanu zazikulu kwambiri zapagulu komanso chifukwa chonyadira, zitha kukhala zovuta kuti anthuwo asapeze mwayi wokwaniritsa mapulani awo.
Ngakhale chitetezo chabwino mu masewera ambiri chingakhale cholakwa chachikulu, cholakwa mu nkhondo sichiteteza, osati pamene chimachititsa chidani, mkwiyo, ndi blowback, osati pamene njira ina palibe nkhondo nkomwe. Kupyolera mu zomwe zimatchedwa nkhondo yapadziko lonse pauchigawenga, uchigawenga wakhala ukukula. Izi zinali zodabwitsa ndipo zinanenedweratu. Nkhondo za Iraq ndi Afghanistan, ndi kuzunzidwa kwa akaidi pa nthawiyi, zinakhala zida zazikulu zolemba zida zotsutsana ndi US. Mu 2006, mabungwe a zanzeru a ku United States anapanga National Intelligence Estimate omwe anafika pamapeto omwewo.
Tikhoza kuthetsa zida zonse za nyukiliya kapena tingaziwononge. Palibe njira yapakati. Tikhoza kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya, kapena tikhoza kukhala nazo zambiri. Malingana ngati ena ali ndi zida za nyukiliya ena amawakonda, ndipo pamene ali nawo iwo mosavuta adzafalitsa kwa ena akadali. Ngati zida za nyukiliya zikupitirizabe kukhalapo, pangakhale zida za nyukiliya, ndipo zida zowonjezereka zidzakula, posachedwa zidzabwera. Zochitika zambirimbiri zatsala pang'ono kuwononga dziko lathu lapansi mwa ngozi, chisokonezo, kusamvetsa, ndi machismo opanda nzeru kwambiri. Ndipo kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya sikungateteze kwathunthu, kotero kuti kulibe malonda omwe akugwira nawo kuthetsa. Iwo samatsutsa zigawenga za zigawenga ndi anthu osakhala nawo boma mwa njira iliyonse. Komanso sagwiritsanso ntchito mavoti a asilikali kuti athetse mayiko kuti asagonjetse, atapatsidwa mphamvu za United States kuti awononge kalikonse kulikonse ndi zida za nyukiliya. United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, ndi China onse adatayika nkhondo zotsutsana ndi zida za nyukiliya zomwe zili ndi nukes.
Nanga bwanji "dziko lathu likuwoneka logawanika kwambiri"?
Kodi zilidi choncho? Chinthu chachikulu chomwe boma la US limachita ndikumenya nkhondo ndikukonzekera nkhondo zambiri. Ndalama zambiri za federal discretionary zimatayidwa mu chifukwa chimenecho chaka ndi chaka popanda mtsutso uliwonse. Mamembala a Congress amasankhidwa popanda kupereka ndemanga pazambiri za bajeti kapena mfundo zakunja mwanjira iliyonse. United States ikuchita nkhondo ku Yemen, Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Libya, ndi - pamlingo wocheperako - m'maiko ena ambiri, ndipo ikuchita zida pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa anayi a maulamuliro ankhanza padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza ambiri " demokalase, "opanda kuyang'ana kunja kwa Congress yomwe sidzatha kuthetsa nkhondo. Ngati izi zikugawika, sindikanatha kuwona momwe kukhala ogwirizana kumawonekera.
Mu 1995-96 ndi 2003-04 ofufuza anafunsa anthu m’mayiko oposa 20 mmene amasankhira maiko awo mwachisawawa ndi m’mbali zosiyanasiyana zimene akwaniritsa. Ponse paŵiri ponena za kunyada wamba ku United States ndi ponena za kusiyanasiyana kosiyana, anthu a ku United States anakhala pa nambala yachiŵiri m’kafukufuku wapoyambapo ndipo choyamba pambuyo pake pa mlingo wa kunyada kwa dziko.[xxii]
Pazifukwa zina, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magawo awiri a anthu aku US, pomwe ena okhala ku US amagwirizana kwambiri ndi zotsatsa zamitundu ina kuposa kumanja aku US. Pa mafunso ena ofunikira, komabe, pali magawano ochepa, ndipo zikhulupiriro zomwe zingakhale zonyanyira kwina kulikonse ndizowona ambiri ku United States. Pakati pazimenezi, ndi chikhulupiriro cha US chosiyana ndi dziko (ngakhale pakati pa omwe sanamvepo za mawuwa). Mu 2010, anthu 80 pa anthu 2013 alionse amene anafunsidwa ndi Gallup ku United States ananena kuti dziko la United States linali ndi khalidwe lapadera limene linachititsa kuti likhale dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Kafukufuku wa 1,000 wa akuluakulu a 49 aku US adapeza kuti 72 peresenti sanamvepo za American Exceptionalism. Koma XNUMX peresenti anavomereza kapena kuvomereza mwamphamvu kuti United States ndi “yapadera ndi yosiyana ndi dziko lina lililonse.”
Chifukwa chiyani zonse zili m'bokosi langa Tsiku lililonse la Chikumbutso?
Timaphunzira zambiri za zolinga zenizeni za nkhondo pamene oimba milomo akutha msinkhu misonkhano yamseri, kapena pamene makomiti ammabungwe amalembetsa zolemba zakale pambuyo pake. Okonza nkhondo amalemba mabuku. Amapanga mafilimu. Iwo amakumana ndi kufufuza. Potsirizira pake nyemba zimayamba kutayika. Koma sindinayambe ndamvapo, ngakhale kamodzi, ndinamva za msonkhano wapadera womwe opanga nkhondo wapamwamba akukambirana za kufunika koyendetsa nkhondo kuti apindule asilikali akumenyana nawo.
Chifukwa chake izi ndizodabwitsa kuti simukumva kuti akukonzekera nkhondo akuyankhula poyera za zifukwa zowonjezera nkhondo popanda kunena kuti ziyenera kuchitika kwa asilikali, kuthandiza asilikali, kuti asalole asilikali, kapena kuti asilikali omwe kale afa sadzafa pachabe. Inde, ngati anafa mwachiwerewere, chiwerewere, chiwonongeko, kapena chabe nkhondo yopanda chiyembekezo imene iyenera kutayika posachedwa, sizidziwika bwino momwe kuomba pamatupi ambiri kudzalemekeza kukumbukira kwawo. Koma izi sizikukhudzana ndi kulingalira.
Lingaliro ndilokuti amuna ndi akazi omwe amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe, atero chifukwa cha ife, ayenera kukhala ndi chithandizo chathu nthawi zonse - ngakhale tiwona zomwe akuchita ngati kupha anthu ambiri. Otsutsa amtendere, mosiyana ndi okonza nkhondo, anene zomwezo payekha zomwe amanena poyera: tikufuna kuthandizira asilikaliwo mwa kusawapatsa malamulo osamaloledwa, osawaumiriza kuchita zoipa, osawasiya iwo mabanja kuti aziika moyo wawo pachiswe ndi matupi awo komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Zokambilana zachinsinsi za opanga nkhondo zokhuza ngati ndi chifukwa chiyani nkhondo ipitirire amakumana ndi mitundu yonse yazinthu zosuliza. Amangokhudza mutu wa asitikali poganizira kuchuluka kwa omwe alipo kapena kuti mapangano awo atalikitsidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji asanayambe kupha akuluakulu awo. Pagulu, ndi nkhani yosiyana kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imanenedwa ndi asitikali ovala yunifolomu mwanzeru omwe ali ngati maziko. Nkhondo zonse zokhudzana ndi asilikali ndipo ndithudi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti athandize asilikali. Chilichonse chingakhumudwitse ndi kukhumudwitsa asilikali omwe adzipereka kunkhondo.
Nkhondo zaku US zimagwiritsa ntchito makontrakitala ambiri ndi asitikali pano kuposa asitikali. Pamene asilikali aphedwa ndi matupi awo kuwonetsedwa poyera, asilikali a US adzasangalala kuwononga mzinda pobwezera, monga ku Fallujah, Iraq. Koma ofalitsa nkhani zankhondo samatchulapo za makontrakitala kapena osunga ndalama. Nthawi zonse ndi ankhondo, omwe amapha, ndi omwe amachokera kwa anthu wamba, ngakhale kuti asitikali akulipidwa, monga omenyera ufulu wocheperako.
Cholinga chake ndikutsimikizira zachabechabe zomwe zimati kutsutsa nkhondo ndikofanana ndi kulowa mbali ina yankhondoyo, kotero kuti kufuna kukhala okoma mtima kwa asitikali aku US kuposa asitikali aku US ndikofanana kudana ndi kuyesa kuwononga. anthu amenewo.
“Ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse sitigwirizana ndi nkhondoyi, tikudziwa kuti amuna ndi akazi amene akumenya nkhondoyo ndi amene amachita zimenezi. Iwo anasankha kuchita zimenezo. Iwo akumenyera dziko. Ndipo si amene anasankha nkhondoyi.” Amayankhula wina wogwidwa mawu CBS News kufotokoza Tsiku la Chikumbutso. Mutha kutsutsa nkhondoyi, koma MUYENERA kukondwerera kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo chifukwa anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali pankhondoyo. Mtengo wa QED
Komanso, muyenera kuthandizira nkhondo zochulukirachulukira, ngakhale mayiko omwe ali ndi ufulu wambiri amamenya nkhondo zochepa kapena kulibe nkhondo konse:
“Timayiwala kuti ufulu si waulere. Iyenera kulipiridwa, osati kamodzi kokha. Mobwerezabwereza, anthu aku America apita patsogolo panthawi yamavuto ndikuyika miyoyo yawo pamzere. ” ‑Fox News.
Ngakhale kuti chinyengo cha Orwellian ichi chikuchotsera anthu ku United States ufulu wawo m'dzina la Ufulu, kutaya kwakukulu kwa moyo, nthambi, ndi ufulu kukuchitika kunja kwa asilikali a US. Ngakhale kuti Korea ikufuna mtendere ndi mgwirizano ndi kuchotsa zida, boma la US likuchita zonse zomwe lingathe kuti liwononge ndondomekoyi ndikubwezeretsanso mitengo yamakampani a zida zankhondo momwe analili chisanachitike mtendere.
Anthu a ku South Korea safunsidwa maganizo awo kapena mavoti awo asanatengedwe katundu wawo ndi kusinthidwa kukhala maziko a asilikali a US. Kuyesetsa kwa US kulepheretsa zofuna zodziwika nthawi zonse ku Korea sikulimbikitsa demokalase. Zowonongeka zomwe zidachitika pachilumba cha Jeju ndi zomangamanga zatsopano za Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la US zabwera ngakhale kuti anthu anali olimba mtima komanso osachita zachiwawa.
Kum'mwera kwa zilumba za Okinawa kuli mwayi wosagwiritsidwa ntchito wotsogolera mtendere ku Korea ndikufalitsa demokalase nthawi yomweyo. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kulemekeza malingaliro ochulukirapo a anthu aku Okinawa, kubweretsa membala aliyense wankhondo waku US yemwe ali kunyumba kwawo, kuphunzitsanso aliyense wa anthuwa ntchito yamtendere, ndikukonzekera njira zopangira zoyenera kuchita ndi ndalama zonse zotsalira. kutsatira kutembenuka kumeneko.
Zilumba za Ryukyu, zolamulidwa ndi Japan monga Okinawa, zomwe zimalamulidwa ndi United States ngati dziko lamakasitomala muufumu wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi kwawo kwa anthu amtundu wawo omwe miyoyo yawo yavulazidwa kwambiri ndi kubedwa kwa malo awo, poyambitsa nkhondo. anthu amtendere, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ndege, kugwiriridwa kwa atsikana, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha zomangamanga, mwa kusankhana mitundu ndi kukana ufulu wawo. Ngakhale Kosovo ali ndi ufulu wodzipatula, Crimea sayenera, ndipo Okinawa ayi. Kwa zaka zambiri boma la US "lagwirizana" "kudula" zisankho za ku Okinawa ndikusintha zisankho za Okinawa kuti zikhazikitse maziko ankhondo kwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amaika miyoyo yawo pachiwopsezo mobwerezabwereza kuti athane ndi nkhanza zotere.
Iyi ndi nkhani yobwerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe United States imakhazikitsa zida zankhondo zazikulu kwambiri pamitundu yambiri yomwe si yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Palibe maziko omwe ali ndi ulemerero. Palibe m'modzi mwa iwo amene ali ngwazi. Palibe aliyense wa iwo amene ayenera kukondwerera ndi mbendera kapena parade kapena picnics kapena kuwaza ketchup ndi mpiru pa nyama yowotcha nyama yakufa. Tiyeni tichite bwino. Tiyeni tikondwerere maholide omwe amalimbikitsa zinthu zomwe timazikonda, kuphatikizapo mtendere.
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[Ii] Ian Vasquez ndi Tanja Porcnik, "The Human Freedom Index 2017," Cato Institute, Fraser Institute, ndi Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom, https://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/human-freedom-index-files/2017-human-freedom-index-2.pdf.
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[Iv] "Ufulu Wachibadwidwe," World Audit, http://www.worldaudit.org/civillibs.htm.
[V] "Maudindo 2017" Atolankhani Opanda Malire, https://rsf.org/en/ranking/2017.
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[vii] “World Index of Moral Freedom” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Index_of_Moral_Freedom.
[viii] "Demokalase Index," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index.
[ix] "Polity Data Series," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polity_data_series.
[x] -Michelle Ye Hee Lee, "Inde, US Imatsekera Anthu Pamtengo Wapamwamba Kuposa Dziko Lina Lililonse," Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/07/07/yes-u-s-locks-people-up-at-a-higher-rate-than-any-other-country/?utm_term=.5ea21d773e21 (July 7, 2015).
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[xi] "Mndandanda wa Mayiko ndi GDP (Mwadzina)," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal).
[xii] "List of Maiko ndi GDP (PPP)," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP).
[xiii] "Mndandanda wa Mayiko ndi GDP (Nominal Per Capita)," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_ percent28nominal percent29_per_capita.
[xiv] "Mndandanda wa Maiko ndi Chiwerengero cha Mabiliyoni," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires.
[xv] —Elise Gould ndi Hilary Wething, “US Poverty Rates Higher, Safety Net Weaker Kuposa M’maiko Anzako,” Economic Policy Institute, http://www.epi.org/publication/ib339-us-poverty-higher-safety-net-weaker (July 24, 2012).
—Max Fisher, “Map: How 35 Countries Compare on Child Poverty (the US Is Listed 34th),: Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/04/15/map-how-35-countries-compare-on-child-poverty-the-u-s-is-ranked-34th/?utm_term=.a3b0797b716e (April 15, 2013).
—Christopher Ingraham, “Umphawi wa Ana ku US Ndiwo Mmodzi mwa Mavuto Oipitsitsa M’mayiko Otukuka,” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/29/child-poverty-in-the-us-is-among-the-worst-in-the-developed-world/? utm_term=.217ecc2c90ee (October 29, 2014).
—“Kuyeza Umphaŵi wa Ana,” UNICEF, https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/rc10_eng.pdf (May 2012).
[xvi] "The World Fact Book: Kuyerekeza Kwa Dziko: Kugawa kwa Ndalama za Banja: GINI Index," Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html.
[xvii] "GINI Index (World Bank Estimate) Country Ranking," Index Mundi, https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/indicators/SI.POV.GINI/rankings.
[xviii] "List of Countries by Distribution of Wealth," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_distribution_of_wealth.
[xix] Philip Alston, "Umphawi Wadzaoneni ku America: Werengani Lipoti la UN Special Monitor's," The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/15/extreme-poverty-america-un-special-monitor-report (December 15, 2017).
[xx] -Elise Gould, "US Lags Kumbuyo Kwa Mayiko Anzako Akuyenda," Economic Policy Institute, http://www.epi.org/publication/usa-lags-peer-countries-mobility (October 10, 2012).
-Ben Lorica, "Kutukuka ndi Kuyenda Kwambiri: US ndi Mayiko Ena," Verisi Data Studio, http://www.verisi.com/resources/prosperity-upward-mobility.htm (November 2011).
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-Katie Sanders, "Kodi Ndikosavuta Kupeza Maloto Aku America ku Europe," Kupatsa mphamvu, http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2013/dec/19/steven-rattner/it-easier-obtain-american-dream-europe (December 19, 2013).
[xxi] Jorge Mariscal, "Kukonzekera kwa Umphawi: Kodi olemba usilikali amayang'ana mopanda malire anthu amitundu ndi osauka?", Alendo, June 2007. Inafikira pa October 7, 2010, http://www.sojo.net/index.cfm?action=magazine.article&issue=soj0706&article=070628.
[xxii] Tom W. Smith ndi Seokho Kim, "National Pride in Cross-national and Temporal Perspective, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18 (Spring, 2006), pp. 127-136, http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/060301.nationalpride.pdf.
