Chiwonetsero chamtendere ku White House - Chithunzi chojambula: iacenter.org
Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, February 8, 2022
Pomwe bungwe la Biden likutumiza asitikali ndi zida zambiri kuti ziwotche mkangano waku Ukraine ndipo Congress ikutsanulira mafuta ambiri pamoto, anthu aku America ali panjira yosiyana kwambiri.
A December 2021 zofufuzira adapeza kuti anthu ambiri aku America m'magulu onse andale amakonda kuthetsa mikangano pa Ukraine kudzera mu zokambirana. Disembala wina zofufuzira adapeza kuti anthu ambiri aku America (peresenti ya 48) angatsutse kupita kunkhondo ndi Russia ngati ataukira Ukraine, ndi 27 peresenti yokha yomwe imakonda kumenya nawo nkhondo ku US.
Conservative Koch Institute, yomwe idayambitsa kafukufukuyu, idatsimikiza izi "United States ilibe zofunikira zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ku Ukraine ndikupitilizabe kuchitapo kanthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cholimbana ndi Russia yokhala ndi zida zanyukiliya sikofunikira kuti titetezeke. Pambuyo pa zaka zopitirira makumi awiri za nkhondo yosatha kunja kwa dziko, sizosadabwitsa kuti anthu aku America ali otetezeka chifukwa cha nkhondo ina yomwe ingatipangitse kukhala otetezeka kapena opambana. "
Mawu otchuka kwambiri odana ndi nkhondo pa Chabwino ndi wolandila Fox News, Tucker Carlson, yemwe wakhala akudzudzula amphawi m'magulu onse awiri, monganso ena otsutsa omenyera ufulu wa anthu.
Kumanzere, malingaliro odana ndi nkhondo anali amphamvu pa February 5, atatha 75 zionetsero zidachitika kuchokera ku Maine kupita ku Alaska. Ochita zionetsero, kuphatikizapo omenyera ufulu wa anthu, oteteza zachilengedwe, ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi ophunzira, adadzudzula kutsanulira ndalama zambiri ku asilikali pamene tili ndi zosowa zambiri zoyaka kunyumba.
Mungaganize kuti a Congress angafanane ndi malingaliro a anthu kuti nkhondo ndi Russia sizothandiza dziko lathu. M'malo mwake, kutengera dziko lathu kunkhondo ndikuthandizira bajeti yankhondo yayikulu zikuwoneka kuti ndizokhazo zomwe mbali zonse zimagwirizana.
Ambiri a Republican ku Congress ali kudzudzula Biden chifukwa chosalimba mokwanira (kapena kuyang'ana ku Russia m'malo mwa China) ndipo ma Democrat ambiri ali mantha kutsutsa pulezidenti wa demokalase kapena kuti anyozedwe ngati okhululukirira a Putin (kumbukirani, ma Democrats adakhala zaka zinayi pansi pa Trump akupanga ziwanda ku Russia).
Maphwando onsewa ali ndi ndalama zoyitanitsa zilango zaku Russia ndikuthamangitsa "thandizo lakupha" ku Ukraine. A Republican amalimbikitsa $ Miliyoni 450 mu katundu watsopano wankhondo; ma demokalase ndi amodzi omwe amawakweza ndi mtengo wamtengo $ Miliyoni 500.
Caucus Yopitilira atsogoleri Pramila Jayapal ndi Barbara Lee ayitanitsa zokambirana ndikuchepetsa. Koma ena mu Caucus–monga Reps. David Cicilline ndi Andy Levin–ali othandizira anzawo za bilu yoyipa yotsutsana ndi Russia, ndipo Spika Pelosi ali kutsatira mwachangu bilu yofulumizitsa kutumiza zida ku Ukraine.
Koma kutumiza zida zambiri ndikuyika zilango zolemetsa zitha kungoyambitsanso Nkhondo Yozizira ya US ku Russia, ndi ndalama zake zonse zothandizira anthu aku America: kuwononga ndalama zambiri zankhondo. kuthawa ndalama zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri pakucheza; magawo a geopolitical akusokoneza mayiko Mgwirizano za tsogolo labwino; ndipo, osachepera, kuwonjezeka zoopsa za nkhondo ya nyukiliya yomwe ingathe kuthetsa moyo pa Dziko Lapansi monga tikudziwira.
Kwa iwo omwe akufunafuna mayankho enieni, tili ndi nkhani yabwino.
Kukambitsirana kokhudza Ukraine sikungokhala kwa Purezidenti Biden ndi Mlembi Blinken zomwe zidalephera kusokoneza anthu aku Russia. Palinso njira ina yamtendere yomwe ilipo kale ku Ukraine, njira yokhazikitsidwa bwino yotchedwa Pulogalamu ya Minsk, motsogozedwa ndi France ndi Germany ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Nkhondo yapachiŵeniŵeni ku Eastern Ukraine inayamba kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, anthu a m'zigawo za Donetsk ndi Luhansk atalengeza kuti akudziimira okha kuchokera ku Ukraine monga Donetsk.DPRndi Luhansk (LPR) People's Republics, poyankha Kuukira kothandizidwa ndi US ku Kiev mu February 2014. Boma litatha kulanda boma linakhazikitsa “National Guard” ankhondo kuti awononge dera lomwe linagawanika, koma odzipatulawo adalimbana ndi kuletsa gawo lawo, mothandizidwa mobisa ndi Russia. Zoyesayesa zaukazembe zidayambika kuti athetse mkanganowo.
The original Pulogalamu ya Minsk inasindikizidwa ndi "Trilateral Contact Group ku Ukraine" (Russia, Ukraine ndi OSCE) mu September 2014. Inachepetsa chiwawa, koma inalephera kuthetsa nkhondo. France, Germany, Russia ndi Ukraine adachitanso msonkhano ku Normandy mu June 2014 ndipo gululi lidadziwika kuti "Normandy Contact Group" kapena "Normandy Format. "
Maphwando onsewa anapitiriza kukumana ndi kukambirana, pamodzi ndi atsogoleri a Donetsk (DPR) ndi Luhansk (LPR) People's Republics ku Eastern Ukraine, ndipo pamapeto pake adasaina mgwirizanowu. Minsk II mgwirizano pa February 12, 2015. Mawuwa anali ofanana ndi Minsk Protocol yapachiyambi, koma yowonjezereka komanso yogula zambiri kuchokera ku DPR ndi LPR.
Mgwirizano wa Minsk II unavomerezedwa ndi UN Security Council mu Chisankho 2202 pa February 17, 2015. Dziko la United States linavota mokomera chigamulochi, ndipo anthu 57 aku America pakali pano akugwira ntchito yoyang’anira zoletsa kumenyana ndi bungwe la United States. OSCE ku Ukraine.
Zinthu zazikulu za Pangano la Minsk II la 2015 zinali:
- kuyimitsa nkhondo pakati pa magulu ankhondo aku Ukraine ndi DPR ndi LPR;
- kuchotsedwa kwa zida zolemetsa pamalo otchingidwa ndi mtunda wa makilomita 30 motsatana ndi ulamuliro pakati pa boma ndi magulu ankhondo odzipatula;
- zisankho ku Donetsk (DPR) ndi Luhansk (LPR) People's Republics, kuti aziyang'aniridwa ndi OSCE; ndi
- kukonzanso malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino kuti apereke ufulu wodzilamulira kumadera omwe akukhala odzipatula mkati mwa Ukraine yogwirizananso koma yocheperako.
Malo oyimitsa moto ndi malo otetezedwa agwira bwino kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuti aletse kubwereranso kunkhondo yapachiweniweni, koma kukonzekera. Chisankho ku Donbas zomwe mbali zonse zidzazindikire zakhala zovuta kwambiri.
DPR ndi LPR adayimitsa zisankho kangapo pakati pa 2015 ndi 2018. Iwo adachita zisankho zoyambirira mu 2016 ndipo, potsiriza, chisankho chachikulu mu November 2018. Koma Ukraine, United States kapena European Union sichinazindikire zotsatira, ponena kuti chisankho sichinali. zachitika motsatira Minsk Protocol.
Kumbali yake, dziko la Ukraine silinapange zosintha zomwe zidagwirizana kuti lipereke ufulu wodzilamulira kumadera odzipatula. Ndipo odzipatula sanalole kuti boma liyambenso kulamulira malire a mayiko a Donbas ndi Russia, monga momwe tafotokozera mu mgwirizano.
The Normandy Gulu Lolumikizana (France, Germany, Russia, Ukraine) la Minsk Protocol lakumana nthawi ndi nthawi kuyambira 2014, ndipo limakumana pafupipafupi pamavuto omwe ali pano, ndi msonkhano wotsatira yakonzedwa pa February 10 ku Berlin. Oyang'anira anthu 680 opanda zida a OSCE ndi othandizira 621 ku Ukraine nawonso apitiliza ntchito yawo panthawi yonseyi. Zawo lipoti laposachedwapa, yoperekedwa February 1, inalemba 65% kuchepa mu kuphwanya kuyimitsa moto poyerekeza ndi miyezi iwiri yapitayo.
Koma kuwonjezeka kwa asitikali aku US komanso thandizo laukazembe kuyambira chaka cha 2019 kwalimbikitsa Purezidenti Zelensky kuti asiye zomwe adalonjeza ku Ukraine pansi pa Minsk Protocol, ndikutsimikiziranso ulamuliro wopanda malire waku Ukraine pa Crimea ndi Donbas. Izi zadzetsa mantha odalirika a kuwonjezereka kwatsopano kwa nkhondo yapachiŵeniŵeni, ndipo thandizo la US pa chikhalidwe chaukali kwambiri cha Zelensky chasokoneza ndondomeko yomwe ilipo ya Minsk-Normandy.
Zonena zaposachedwa za Zelensky kuti "mantha" m'mizinda yakumadzulo ikusokoneza chuma ku Ukraine zikuwonetsa kuti tsopano atha kudziwa bwino zovuta zomwe boma lake lidatengera, ndi chilimbikitso cha US.
Vuto lomwe lilipo liyenera kukhala lodzutsa kwa onse omwe akukhudzidwa kuti njira ya Minsk-Normandy ikadali njira yokhayo yopezera mtendere ku Ukraine. Iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mayiko onse, kuphatikiza mamembala a US a Congress, makamaka potengera malonjezano osweka pakukula kwa NATO, gawo la US mu 2014 kuwombera, ndipo tsopano mantha chifukwa cha mantha a nkhondo ya Russia yomwe akuluakulu a ku Ukraine akuti ndi overblown.
Panjira yosiyana, ngakhale yokhudzana, akazembe, United States ndi Russia ziyenera kuthana ndi vuto la kutha kwa ubale wawo. M'malo molimba mtima ndi kutukuka kumodzi, ayenera kukonzanso ndikumanga zam'mbuyo zida zowononga mapangano omwe asiya mwachisawawa, akuyika dziko lonse lapansi ngozi yomwe ilipo.
Kubwezeretsanso thandizo la US ku Minsk Protocol ndi Normandy Format kungathandizenso kuthetsa mavuto omwe kale anali minga komanso ovuta ku Ukraine kuchokera ku vuto lalikulu lazandale la kukula kwa NATO, lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa ndi United States, Russia ndi NATO.
United States ndi Russia sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito anthu aku Ukraine ngati zowongolera mu Cold War yotsitsimutsidwa kapena ngati tchipisi pazokambirana zawo zakukulitsa NATO. Anthu a ku Ukraine a mafuko onse akuyenera kuthandizidwa moona mtima kuti athetse mikangano yawo ndikupeza njira yokhalira limodzi m'dziko limodzi - kapena kupatukana mwamtendere, monga momwe anthu ena amaloledwa kuchita ku Ireland, Bangladesh, Slovakia ndi kudera lonse la USSR ndi Yugoslavia.
mu 2008, Kazembe wa US ku Moscow (yomwe tsopano ndi Mtsogoleri wa CIA) William Burns anachenjeza boma lake kuti kulepheretsa chiyembekezo cha kukhala membala wa NATO ku Ukraine kungayambitse nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndikupereka Russia ndi vuto pamalire ake momwe angakakamizidwe kulowererapo.
Mu chingwe chofalitsidwa ndi WikiLeaks, Burns analemba kuti, "Akatswiri amatiuza kuti dziko la Russia likuda nkhawa kwambiri kuti magawano amphamvu ku Ukraine pa umembala wa NATO, ndi anthu ambiri a fuko la Russia motsutsana ndi mamembala, angayambitse kugawanika kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo chiwawa kapena chiwawa. poipa kwambiri, nkhondo yapachiweniweni. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, dziko la Russia liyenera kusankha kuloŵererapo; chisankho chomwe Russia safuna kukumana nacho. ”
Chiyambireni chenjezo la Burns mu 2008, maulamuliro otsatizanatsa aku US alowa m'mavuto omwe adaneneratu. Mamembala a Congress, makamaka mamembala a Congressional Progressive Caucus, atha kutenga nawo mbali pakubwezeretsanso mfundo za US ku Ukraine polimbikitsa kuyimitsa umembala wa Ukraine ku NATO komanso kulimbikitsanso Minsk Protocol, yomwe maulamuliro a Trump ndi Biden ali nawo modzikuza. anayesera kukweza ndi kukweza ndi kutumiza zida, kutsimikiza ndi mantha.
Kuwunika kwa OSCE malipoti ku Ukraine onse akutsogozedwa ndi uthenga wovuta: "Zowona Zofunika." Mamembala a Congress ayenera kuvomereza mfundo yosavutayi ndikudziphunzitsa okha za zokambirana za Minsk-Normandy. Ndondomekoyi yasunga mtendere ku Ukraine kuyambira 2015, ndipo ikadali yovomerezedwa ndi UN, ndondomeko yogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi kuti pakhale chisankho chokhalitsa.
Ngati boma la US likufuna kuchita nawo gawo lolimbikitsa ku Ukraine, liyenera kuthandizira ndondomeko yomwe ilipo kale kuti ithetse vutoli, ndikuthetsa kulowererapo kwakukulu kwa US komwe kwangosokoneza ndikuchedwa kukhazikitsidwa kwake. Ndipo akuluakulu athu osankhidwa ayenera kuyamba kumvetsera anthu omwe ali nawo, omwe alibe chidwi chilichonse chopita kunkhondo ndi Russia.
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Mwazi M'manja Mwathu: Kubowola Kwa America ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Iraq.
Yankho Limodzi
NDIKUGWIRIZANA