Malipoti a Maryland Amasocheretsa Anthu Pa Zoyipitsa za PFAS Mu Oysters

Wolemba Leila Marcovici ndi Pat Elder, Novembala 16, 2020

kuchokera Ziwopsezo Zankhondo

Mu September 2020, Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya Maryland (MDE) inatulutsa lipoti lotchedwa “St. Mary's River Pilot Study of PFAS Zomwe Zimapezeka Pamadzi Am'madzi ndi Oyisitara. ” (PFAS Pilot Study) yomwe idasanthula magawo a per-and poly fluoroalkyl zinthu (PFAS) m'madzi am'nyanja ndi oyster. Makamaka, kafukufuku woyendetsa ndege wa PFAS adazindikira kuti ngakhale PFAS imapezeka mumtsinje wa St. Mary's, zomwe zikuwonjezeka "ndizotsika pang'ono pachiwopsezo chazosangalatsa zogwiritsa ntchito malo oyeserera oyster."

Ngakhale lipotilo likupanga izi, njira zowunikira komanso maziko a njira zowunikira zomwe MDE imagwiritsa ntchito ndizokayikitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asochere, ndikupereka chinyengo komanso chitetezo chabodza.

PFAS ndi banja la mankhwala oopsa komanso osasunthika omwe amapezeka mumafakitale. Amakhala ovuta pazifukwa zingapo. Izi zomwe zimatchedwa "mankhwala osatha" ndizowopsa, sizigwera m'chilengedwe, ndipo zimapezekanso munthawi ya chakudya. Imodzi mwa mankhwala opitilira 6,000 PFAS ndi PFOA, yomwe kale imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Teflon ya DuPont, ndi PFOS, yomwe kale inali ku 3M's Scotchgard ndi thovu lozimitsa moto. PFOA idachotsedwa ku US, ngakhale ikadali yotakata m'madzi akumwa. Amalumikizidwa ndi khansa, zolakwika zobadwa, matenda a chithokomiro, kufooketsa chitetezo cha ana komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. PFAS imawunikidwa payokha m'magawo trilioni m'malo mwazigawo biliyoni, monga poizoni wina, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti izi zitheke.
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Mapeto a MDE afikira pazifukwa zomveka kutengera zomwe zatengedwa ndikusowa mfundo zovomerezeka zasayansi komanso zamakampani pazinthu zingapo.

Zitsanzo za Oyster

Kafukufuku wina adachita ndikuwonetsa mu PFAS Pilot Study yoyesedwa ndikuwonetsa zakupezeka kwa PFAS mu mnofu wa oyisitara. Kuwunikaku kunachitika ndi Alpha Analytical Laboratory yaku Mansfield, Massachusetts.
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Kuyesa kochitidwa ndi Alpha Analytical Laboratory kunali ndi malire ozindikira oyster pa microgram imodzi pa kilogalamu (1 /g / kg) yomwe ikufanana ndi gawo limodzi pa biliyoni, kapena magawo 1 pa trilioni. (ppt.) Zotsatira zake, momwe gulu lililonse la PFAS limadziwika palokha, njira yowunikira yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito sinathe kupeza aliyense wa PFAS pamtengo wochepera wa 1,000 magawo pa trilioni. Kupezeka kwa PFAS ndikowonjezera; chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa kampani iliyonse kumawonjezeredwa moyenera kuti kubwere ku PFAS yonse yomwe ilipo.

Njira zowunikira kuti mupeze mankhwala a PFAS zikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Environmental Working Group (EWG) idatenga zitsanzo zamadzi apampopi m'malo 44 mmaiko 31 chaka chatha ndipo idati zotsatira zake ndi zakhumi pa thililiyoni. Mwachitsanzo, madzi ku New Brunswick, NC anali ndi 185.9 ppt ya PFAS.

Ogwira Ntchito Pagulu Pazogwirira Ntchito Zachilengedwe, (PEER) (zomwe zanenedwa pansipa) agwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zomwe zimatha kudziwa magulu a PFAS m'magawo otsika 200 - 600 ppt, ndipo ma Eurofins apanga njira zowunikira zokhala ndi malire ozindikira a 0.18 ng / g PFAS (180 ppt) mu nkhanu ndi nsomba ndi 0.20 ng / g PFAS (200 ppt) mu oyster. (Maofesi a Eurofins Lancaster Labor Env, LLC, Lipoti Losanthula, la anzanu, Pulojekiti ya Makasitomala / Tsamba: St Mary's 10/29/2020)
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Chifukwa chake, wina ayenera kudabwa chifukwa chomwe MDE idalemba Alpha Analytical kuti ayendetse kafukufuku wa PFAS ngati malire azomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito anali okwera kwambiri.
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Chifukwa malire oyesedwa a Alpha Analytical ndiwokwera kwambiri, zotsatira za PFAS aliyense m'matumba oyster anali "Osazindikira" (ND). Osachepera 14 PFAS adayesedwa pachitsanzo chilichonse cha oyisitara, ndipo zotsatira zake zidanenedwa kuti ND. Zoyeserera zina zidayesedwa 36 PFAS zosiyanasiyana, zonsezi zomwe zidati ND. Komabe, ND sizitanthauza kuti palibe PFAS ndi / kapena kuti kunalibe chiopsezo chathanzi. Kenako MDE imanena kuti ndalama za 14 kapena 36 ND ndi 0.00. Uku ndikunena molakwika kwa chowonadi. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa PFAS kumawonjezera chifukwa kumakhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeredwa kwa magawo 14 pansi pamalire azindikiritso kungafanane ndi kuchuluka pamwamba pabwino. Chifukwa chake, bulangeti lonena kuti palibe chiwopsezo kuumoyo wa anthu kutengera kupezeka kwa "osazindikira" pomwe kupezeka kwa PFAS m'madzi sikudziwika, sikungakhale kwathunthu kapena koyenera.

Mu Seputembala, 2020 Eurofins - yotumizidwa ndi St. Mary's River Watershed Association komanso yothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi KUYESEDWA NDI ANTHU oyisitara ochokera mumtsinje wa St. Mary ndi St. Inigoes Creek. Oyisitara mumtsinje wa St. Mary, omwe adatengedwa kuchokera ku Church Point, ndi ku St. Inigoes Creek, omwe adatengedwa kuchokera ku Kelley, adapezeka kuti ali ndi magawo opitilira 1,000 pa trilioni (ppt). Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) ndi Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) adapezeka mu oyisitara a Kelley, pomwe 6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6: 2 FTSA) idapezeka mu oyisitara wa Church Point. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa PFAS, kuchuluka kwake kwa PFAS kunali kovuta kuwerengera koma osiyanasiyana anali otere motere:

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, MDE sinayese kuyesa ma oyster nthawi zonse pamtundu womwewo wa PFAS. MDE inayesa oyisitara minofu ndi zakumwa kuchokera pazitsanzo 10. Ma tebulo 7 ndi 8 a PFAS Pilot Study akuwonetsa kuti 6 yazitsanzozo anali osati kusanthula kwa PFBA, PRPeA, kapena 6: 2 FTSA (kompositi yofanana ndi 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (6: 2FTS)), pomwe mitundu inayi yazoyeserera izi zidapezanso zotsatira za "Osazindikira . ” PFAS Pilot Study ilibe tanthauzo lililonse chifukwa chake mitundu ina ya oyisitara inayesedwa ku PFAS pomwe zitsanzo zina sizinali. MDE inanena kuti PFAS idapezeka m'malo otsika ponseponse ndikuwunikiridwa komwe kumayandikira. Zachidziwikire, malire azidziwitso za njira zomwe kafukufuku wa Alpha Analytical adachita anali okwera kwambiri poganizira kuti Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) idapezeka pakati pa 200 ndi 600 magawo trilioni mu oyster mu kafukufuku wa PEER, pomwe sinapezeke mu kafukufuku wa Alpha Analytical .

Kuyesa Pamadzi Pamadzi

PFAS Pilot Study idanenanso za zotsatira zoyesa madzi pamwamba pa PFAS. Kuphatikiza apo, nzika yokhudzidwa komanso wolemba nkhaniyi, a Pat Elder aku St. Inigoes Creek, adagwira ntchito ndi Biological Station ya University of Michigan kuti ayese madzi m'madzi omwewo mu February, 2020. Tchati chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa milingo ya 14 PFAS analytics m'madzi zitsanzo monga UM ndi MDE ananenera.

Pakamwa pa St. Inigoes Creek Kennedy Bar - North Shore

ND - Palibe Kuzindikira
<2 - Pansi pa malire ozindikira

Kufufuza kwa UM kunapeza 1,894.3 ppt m'madzi, pomwe zitsanzo za MDE zidakwanira 4.33 ppt, ngakhale monga tawonetsera pamwambapa ma analytics ambiri adapezeka ndi MDE kukhala ND. Chodabwitsa kwambiri, zotsatira za UM zidawonetsa 1,544.4 ppt ya PFOS pomwe mayeso a MDE akuti "Palibe Kuzindikira." Mankhwala khumi a PFAS omwe anapezeka ndi UM adabweranso ngati "Palibe Kuzindikira" kapena sanayesedwe ndi MDE. Kufanizira uku kumapangitsa munthu kufunsa kuti "chifukwa chiyani" chifukwa chiyani labotale imodzi imalephera kuzindikira PFAS m'madzi pomwe ina imatha kutero? Ili ndi limodzi chabe mwa mafunso ambiri omwe adafunsidwa ndi zotsatira za MDE.PFAS Pilot Study ikunena kuti yakhazikitsa "njira zowunikira madzi ndi ma oyster" pamitundu iwiri ya PFAS - Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) ndi Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) ). Malingaliro a MDE atengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala awiri okha - PFOA + PFOS.

Apanso, lipotili lilibe tanthauzo lililonse chifukwa chake mankhwala awiri okha ndi omwe adasankhidwa pakuwunika kwake, komanso tanthauzo la mawu oti "ziwopsezo zowonekera pamadzi ndi oyster. "

Chifukwa chake, anthu asiyidwa ndi funso lina losangalatsa: bwanji MDE ikuletsa kumaliza kwawo mankhwala awiriwa pomwe ena ambiri apezeka, ndipo ena ambiri amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhala ndi malire ochepera?

Pali mipata pamachitidwe omwe MDE imagwiritsa ntchito popereka lingaliro lawo, komanso zosagwirizana pakusowa kwa kufotokozera chifukwa chomwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana a PFAS amayesedwa pakati pa zitsanzo ndi zoyeserera zonse. Ripotilo silikufotokozera chifukwa chake zitsanzo zina zomwe sizinafufuzidwe pazinthu zochepa kapena zochepa kuposa zitsanzo zina.

MDE inamaliza, "kuyerekezera zowopsa pamadzi pamwambapa kunali kotsika kwambiri Njira zakuyeserera zam'madzi za MDE pamasamba, ”Koma silifotokoza momveka bwino tanthauzo la kuyerekezera kumeneku. Izi sizikutanthauza ndipo sizingayesedwe. Ngati ndi njira yokwanira yokhudzana ndi sayansi, njirayi iyenera kufotokozedwa ndikufotokozedwa pofotokoza za sayansi. Popanda kuyesedwa kokwanira, kuphatikiza njira zofotokozedwera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayeso omwe amatha kuwunika magawo otsika ofunikira pakuwunika, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mathero zimapereka chitsogozo chochepa chomwe anthu angadalire.

Leila Kaplus Marcovici, Esq. ndi loya wa patent komanso odzipereka ku Sierra Club, New Jersey Chapter. A Pat Elder ndioteteza zachilengedwe ku St. Mary's City, MD komanso odzipereka omwe ali mgulu la Sierra Club National Toxics Team