Wolemba Pat Mkulu, October 27, 2020
kuchokera Ziwopsezo Zankhondo
Asitikali akupha poizoni m'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi ku Maryland. Tiyeni tiyese madzi m'malo awa kuti tiwone kuyipa kwake.
Mwezi watha Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya Maryland idatulutsa lipoti zomwe sizinapeze chifukwa chilichonse chokhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwa PFAS mumtsinje wa St. Mary ndi oyster pafupi ndi malo oyambira asitikali omwe amaponyera zinthuzo m'madzi nthawi zonse zolimbana ndi moto.
Mankhwalawa, mankhwala a poly fluoroalkyl, amalumikizidwa ndi khansa komanso zovuta za fetus.
St Mary's River Pilot Study of PFAS Occurrence in Surface Water and Oysters adatsimikiza kuti ngakhale PFAS imapezeka mumadzi osefukira a St. Mary's River, zomwe zikuwonjezeka "ndizotsika kwambiri pachiwopsezo chazosangalatsa zogwiritsa ntchito poyeserera komanso kuwunika komwe kuli mfundo. ”
Zikumveka zolimbikitsa.
Zachisoni, mawu awa afikira pamapeto omaliza omwe anali mu lipotilo omwe adakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika kwa PFOA ndi PFAS kokha. Ripotilo linali ndi chidziwitso chosakwanira komanso kuyesa kosakwanira kwa PFAS yonse. Chofunika koposa, malire azomwe apeza pa kafukufukuyu adayikidwa pa 1 ug / kg. Ndi microgram imodzi pa kilogalamu ndipo izi ndizopusitsika!
1 ug / kg ikufanana ndi gawo limodzi pa biliyoni ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti magawo 1 pa thililiyoni. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti boma la Maryland likunena kuti ndibwino kudya oyster ngati ali ndi magawo 1,000 pa trilioni chifukwa sanadandaule kuyesa pamlingo wosakwana 1,000 ppt.
Mwezi watha, kuyezetsa oyster odziyimira pawokha mumtsinje wa St. Mary's ndi St. PEER.
Oyisitara mumtsinje wa St. Mary ndi ku St. Inigoes Creek adapezeka kuti ali ndi magawo opitilira 1,000 pa trillion (ppt) am'madzi owopsa kwambiri. Oyster adayesedwa ndi a Eurofins, mtsogoleri wadziko lonse pakuyesa kwa PFAS.
Harvard School of Public Health komanso mabungwe otsogola asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akutiuza kuti tisamadye zoposa 1 ppt ya zinthuzi tsiku lililonse. Mankhwalawa ali mgulu lawo. Amawunikidwa m'magawo trililioni m'malo mogawana biliyoni ngati ma carcinogen ena.
Mayiko ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa PFAS m'madzi akumwa mpaka 20 ppt. Oyster imodzi yokazinga yokazinga ya St Mary's River yolowetsedwa mumsuzi wa msuzi wa tartar yomwe idakwaniritsidwa nthawi 50 - ndipo zili bwino ndi anthu aku Maryland omwe amayang'anira kuteteza thanzi lathu. Zakudya zonse zam'nyanja zomwe zili m'madziwo zitha kukhala zowononga. Amayi aku Maryland omwe atha kukhala ndi pakati sayenera kudya nsomba za m'deralo.
Kuyesa Madzi
Tiyenera kuyesa madzi ndi nsomba pafupi ndi msewu wothamanga ndikuwotcha maenje pamakina ankhondo mumtsinje wa Chesapeake. Sitingakhulupirire asitikali ndipo sitingakhulupirire kuti boma likhala loona.
Madzi oyenda pamwamba ndi madzi apansi ochokera m'malo amkhondo amakhala ndi poizoni wambiri- ndi poly fluoroalkyl zinthu, (PFAS) padziko lapansi. Zinthuzo zimasakanikirana ndi nsomba, nthawi zambiri kangapo masauzande angapo pamlingo wamadzi.
Mitsinje ndi mitsinje zikwizikwi m'dziko lonselo pafupi ndi malo ankhondo amakhala ndi poizoni wochuluka kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba yapezeka ndi magawo opitilila miliyoni pa trilioni pafupi ndi malo ankhondo ndipo ena ali ndi magawo opitilira 10 miliyoni pa thililiyoni. Kudya zakudya za m'nyanja kuchokera m'madzi owonongeka ndi njira yoyamba yomwe PFAS imalowera mthupi lathu. Madzi akumwa ali ndi mphindi yakutali.
Malo asanu ndi awiri pamwamba pamadzi pamwambapa: Aberdeen, Fort Meade, Naval Academy, Chesapeake Beach, JB Andrews, Indian Head, ndi Pax River adasankhidwa chifukwa chakuyandikira kwawo kwa zida zolembetsera moto za PFAS. Onse awunikiridwa ndipo zitsanzo za madzi oyenda kuchokera kumabwato amapezeka pagulu.
Dziko la Maryland lili pachiwopsezo makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamagulu ankhondo m'malo opezeka madzi a Maryland Chesapeake. Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya Maryland ndiyo ikuthandiza mayiko ambiri kuchitapo kanthu poteteza anthu ku mliriwu.
Pali osachepera 94 okhazikika ndi / kapena kutseka magulu ankhondo mdziko muno. (Onani tsamba labwino kwambiri: "Mizinda Yankhondo ku Maryland". 23 ya malowa atsimikizira kapena "akuganiza" kugwiritsa ntchito PFAS ndi DOD. Zili kuboma kuteteza anthu okhala ndi EPA pambali. Gawo loyamba limaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa njira yoyeserera yoyeserera kuti awone kuchuluka kwa "mankhwala osatha" awa m'malo oyikirako asitikali, makamaka omwe asirikali amavomereza kuti zinthuzo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nayi nkhonya zolemetsa:
Aberdeen Kutsimikizira Ground
Kuchokera ku Ripoti Lankhondo la 2017 pa Aberdeen:
“Pamakhala zoopsa pamalopo chifukwa cha nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Kuopsa kwa dothi ku thanzi laumunthu kumatanthauzidwa makamaka ndi malo otentha kumalo omwe kale anali ophunzitsira moto; Malo ena otentha amakhala akuya mamita 14 (pafupi kapena pafupi ndi tebulo lamadzi). Palinso zoopsa zina zowopsa paumoyo wa anthu ndi chilengedwe ku Burn Residue Disposal Area (BRDA). ”
Kupatula izi, Asitikali sanafalitse chilichonse chogwiritsa ntchito PFAS ku Aberdeen. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala ena owopsa ataponyedwa mosasamala m'gombe ku Aberdeen ndi chisonyezo chilichonse, malowo, omwe ali pafupi ndi malo oyambira mtsinje waukulu wa Chesapeake, amawononga ndalama zambiri za PFAS.
Mzinda wa Fort George G. Meade
Vuto lalikulu pamtsinje wa Little Patuxent - The Red X amatanthauza malo ophunzitsira moto ku Fort Meade. Ili pafupi theka la kilomita kuchokera kumtsinje. Zitsime zowunikira pansi pa nthaka pomwe AFFF idagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi zimawonetsa madzi apansi panthaka ali ndi 87,000 ppt. PFAS imakhulupirira kuti ikulowera mumtsinje wa Little Patuxent.
Annapolis - US Naval Academy
Navy akuti ikuyesa PFAS kumadzi oyambira Naval Station Lagoon. Tilibe zotsatira ndipo sitikutsimikiza kuti tiziwakhulupirira ngati titakhala nawo, poganizira mbiri ya Navy. Kubetcha kwathu kodziyimira pawokha ndikutenga gawo la madzi mumtsinje wa Severn pafupi ndi Naval Station Lagoon Primary Spillway Discharge Outfall.
Mu zitsime 54 mwa 68 zoyesedwa ndi asitikali ku Annapolis, kuchuluka kwa PFAS kudapezeka kuti kudapitilira 70 ppt ndipo ina idalembedwa pa 70,000 ppt., Kuwirikiza chikwi kuposa kuchuluka kwa malire a EPA. Kuwonongeka koipitsitsa kunapezeka ku Bay Head Park, pafupi ndi Theatre ya Ana ku Annapolis. Malowa kale anali malo oyesera zida zankhondo. Madzi apansi panthaka amapezeka pa 70,000 ppt apa. Madzi apamtunda amathira mu Chesapeake Bay.
Onani Wachikulire wa Arundel, imodzi mwa nyuzipepala yayikulu yodziyimira payokha.
Olowa Base Andrews
Air Force yasindikiza zotsatira zamadzi apansi panthaka zowonetsa kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS ku 40,200 ppt. Kuyang'anitsitsa kamtsinje pafupi ndi mpanda wa malowa kunawonetsa madera okutidwa ndi thovu loyera mu Ogasiti, 2020. Mtsinjewo umalowa mu Potomac ku National Colonial Farm ku Piscataway Park.
Naval Surface Warfare Center - Mutu waku India
Mutu wa India ukhoza kukhala umodzi mwamipanda yoyipa kwambiri yanyumba mdziko muno. Site 71 idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzenje lotentha pophunzitsira moto. Indian Head yatchula izi ngati "malo okhudzidwa" ndi ntchito ya AFFF yokhala ndi PFAS. Sanadziwebe kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS. Madera omwe ali pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Mattawoman kumwera nthawi zina amakhala ndi thovu m'mbali mwa nyanja. Madzi mumtsinje ndi mumtsinje ayenera kuyesedwa.
Chesapeake Beach Naval Research Laboratory
Madzi apansi panthaka pafupi ndi dzenje lamoto mdera lachikaso adawonetsa 241,000 ppt ya PFOS. Malowa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza ndi Navy kuyambira 1968. Anthu wamba pa Karen Drive, pamtunda wa 1,200 chabe, ali ndi zitsime zakumwa zomwe sizinayesedwepo poizoni. Zitsanzo zam'madzi akuyenera kuchotsedwa pagombe ndi mitsinje ikuyenda kuchokera pansi.
Patuxent River Naval Air Station
Ngakhale Navy yatulutsa zidziwitso zosonyeza 1,137.8 ppt ya PFAS m'madzi apansi panthaka yakumwera chakumadzulo kwa malowo, sinawulule poizoni wochuluka kwambiri yemwe amakhulupirira kuti anali m'madzi apansi pafupi ndi dzenje lotentha ku Hog Point kapena pafupi ndi ma hangars angapo pomwe makina opondereza thovu omwe anali pamwamba pake amayesedwa pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri samatha kugwira bwino ntchito.
Asitikali ankhondo akukana kuyesa zitsime za anthu ambiri aku Africa aku Hermanville pafupi ndi mphambano ya MD RT 235 ndi Hermanville Rd. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku Maryland yakana kuyesa kuyesa zitsime zomwe zili kunja kwa malowa ponena kuti amakhulupirira chigamulo cha Navy pankhaniyi.
