Maryland, ndi Boma Lina Lililonse Ayenera Kusiya Kutumiza Asilikali Alonda ku Nkhondo Zakutali

Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, February 12, 2023

Ndinalemba zotsatirazi ngati umboni ku Maryland General Assembly pochirikiza bilu HB0220

Kampani ina ya ku United States yotchedwa Zogby Research Services inatha kufufuza asilikali a US ku Iraq mu 2006, ndipo anapeza kuti 72 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafunsidwa ankafuna kuti nkhondoyo ithe mu 2006. koma mu Marines 70 peresenti okha ndi amene anachita. M'malo osungirako ndi National Guard, komabe, manambala anali 2006 ndi 58 peresenti motsatana. Pamene tinali kumva nyimbo zoimbidwa mosalekeza m’zoulutsira nkhani ponena za kusunga nkhondoyo “kwa ankhondo,” nawonso ankhondowo sanafune kuti ipitirirebe. Ndipo pafupifupi aliyense, patapita zaka zambiri, amavomereza kuti asilikaliwo anali olondola.

Koma chifukwa chiyani ziwerengerozo zinali zokwera kwambiri, zolondola kwambiri, kwa Alonda? Kufotokozera kumodzi kwa gawo lina la kusiyanako ndi njira zosiyana zolembera anthu, njira zosiyana kwambiri zomwe anthu amakonda kulowa nawo Alonda. Mwachidule, anthu amalowa m'malo mwa alonda ataona zotsatsa zothandizira anthu pakagwa masoka achilengedwe, pomwe anthu amalowa usilikali ataona zotsatsa zankhondo. Nkoipa mokwanira kutumizidwa kunkhondo pamaziko a mabodza; ndizoipitsitsanso kutumizidwa kunkhondo chifukwa cha mabodza komanso zotsatsa zachinyengo zokopa anthu.

Pali kusiyana kwa mbiri pakati pa alonda kapena militia ndi asilikali komanso. Mwambo wa magulu ankhondo a boma ndi woyenera kutsutsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake muukapolo ndi kukulitsa. Mfundo apa ndi yakuti ndi mwambo umene unachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi angapo a United States kutsutsana ndi mphamvu za federal, kuphatikizapo kutsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali oima. Kutumiza alonda kapena magulu ankhondo kunkhondo konse, mocheperapo kutero popanda kuganizira mozama pagulu, ndikupangitsa alonda kukhala gawo lankhondo lokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso lotsika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale wina atavomereza kuti asitikali aku US atumizidwe kunkhondo, ngakhale popanda kulengeza kwankhondo ya DRM, pangakhale zifukwa zomveka zochitira alonda mosiyana.

Koma kodi aliyense ayenera kutumizidwa kunkhondo? Kodi nkhaniyi ndi yovomerezeka bwanji? United States ikuchita nawo mapangano osiyanasiyana omwe amaletsa, nthawi zina zonse, nthawi zina pafupifupi nkhondo zonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

The 1899 Msonkhano wa Pacific Settlement of International Disputes

The Msonkhano wa Hague wa 1907

The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact

The 1945 UN Charter

Zosankha zosiyanasiyana za UN, monga 2625 ndi 3314

The 1949 NATO charter

The 1949 Msonkhano Wachinayi wa Geneva

The 1976 Pangano la Padziko Lonse pa Ufulu Wachikhalidwe ndi Ndale (ICCPR) ndi Pangano la Padziko Lonse la Ufulu wa Zachuma, Zachikhalidwe, ndi Chikhalidwe

The 1976 Pangano la Amity ndi Mgwirizano ku Southeast Asia

Koma ngakhale titawona nkhondo ngati yovomerezeka, Constitution ya US imanena kuti ndi Congress, osati purezidenti kapena makhothi, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zolengeza nkhondo, kukweza ndi kuthandizira magulu ankhondo (kwazaka zosaposa zaka ziwiri) , ndi "kupereka mwayi woyitanitsa Asitikali kuti akhazikitse Malamulo a Union, kupondereza zigawenga ndi kuthamangitsa Zigawenga."

Kale, tili ndi vuto chifukwa nkhondo zaposachedwa zakhala zikutenga nthawi yayitali kuposa zaka ziwiri ndipo zilibe kanthu kochita ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo, kupondereza zigawenga, kapena kubweza ziwawa. Koma ngakhale titayika pambali zonsezi, izi si mphamvu za purezidenti kapena boma, koma za Congress.

HB0220 imati: "NGAKHALE MALANGIZO ENA ALIYENSE, BWINO KABWINO SADZALAMULIRA A MLITI KAPENA ALIYENSE WA MILITIA KUTI ACHITE NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA POKHALA NGATI US CONGRESS ATAPATSA CHILENGEZO CHA NKHONDO KAPENA KUKHALA KWAMBIRI. 8, NDIME 15 YA M'BWENZI LA M'BWENZI LA US KUITANIRA MFUNDO 5 MILITIA KAPENA ALIYENSE WA MILITIA YA M'BOMA KUTI ACHITE MALAMULO A UNITED STATES, KUCHOTSA ZIWEREZO, KAPENA KUPONDEREZA ZOPANGIRA."

Bungwe la Congress silinapereke chilengezo chovomerezeka cha nkhondo kuyambira 1941, pokhapokha ngati tanthauzo lakuchita izi litamasuliridwa momveka bwino. Zilolezo zotayirira komanso zosagwirizana ndi malamulo zomwe lidapereka sizinali zokhazikitsa malamulo, kupondereza zigawenga, kapena kuthamangitsa kuwukira. Monga ndi malamulo onse, HB0220 idzamasuliridwa. Koma idzakwaniritsa zinthu ziwiri motsimikizika.

• HB0220 ipangitsa mwayi woteteza asitikali aku Maryland kunkhondo.
• HB0220 itumiza uthenga ku boma la US kuti boma la Maryland lipereka kukana, zomwe zitha kuthandiza kuletsa kutentha mosasamala.

Anthu okhala ku US akuyenera kuyimiridwa mwachindunji ku Congress, koma kuwonjezera apo, maboma awo am'deralo ndi maboma akuyenera kuwayimira ku Congress. Kukhazikitsa lamuloli kungakhale mbali ya kutero. Mizinda, matauni, ndi mayiko nthawi zonse komanso moyenera amatumiza zopempha ku Congress pazopempha zamitundu yonse. Izi zimaloledwa pansi pa Ndime 3, Rule XII, Gawo 819, la Malamulo a Nyumba ya Oyimilira. Ndime iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvomereza zopempha zochokera kumizinda, ndi zikumbutso zochokera kumayiko onse ku United States. Zomwezo zakhazikitsidwa mu Jefferson Manual, buku la malamulo a Nyumba yolembedwa ndi a Thomas Jefferson ku Senate.

David Swanson ndi wolemba, wovomerezeka, wolemba nkhani, ndi wolandira wailesi. Iye ndi mkulu woyang'anira wa World BEYOND War ndi mtsogoleri wothandizira ntchito RootsAction.org. Mabuku a Swanson akuphatikizapo Nkhondo Ndi Bodza ndi Nkhondo Yowonongeka Yadziko. Amagwiritsa ntchito DavidSwanson.org ndi ChilichonseChime.org. Iye amakonzekera Nkhani Padziko Lonse. Iye ali Wosankhidwa wa Mphotho Yamtendere ya Nobel.

Swanson adapatsidwa mphotho ya Mphoto Yamtendere ya 2018 ndi US Peace Memorial Foundation. Anapatsidwanso Mphotho ya Beacon of Peace ndi Eisenhower Chapter of Veterans For Peace mu 2011, ndi Dorothy Eldridge Peacemaker Award ndi New Jersey Peace Action mu 2022.

Swanson ali pama board alangizi a: Pulogalamu ya Nobel Peace Prize Watch, Ankhondo a Mtendere, Chitetezo cha Assange, BPURndipo Mabanja Achimuna Akulankhula. Iye ndi Mthandizi wa Transnational Foundation, ndi Patron wa Platform for Peace and Humanity.

Pezani David Swanson pa MSNBC, C-Span, Demokarase Tsopano, The Guardian, Punch, Maloto Amodzi, Wopanda, Kupita Patsogolo Tsiku ndi Tsiku, Amazon.com, TomDispatch, Hook, Ndi zina zotero.