Kupangitsa Zosatheka Kuthekera: Mgwirizano Wandale Ndale mu Zaka Zisanu Zosankha

Wolemba Richard Sandbrook, Okutobala 6, 2020

kuchokera Kupita Patsogolo Blog

Zovutazo zikuwoneka zazikulu. Kulamulira zida za nyukiliya zisanatiwononge, kuteteza kusungunuka kwa nyengo ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ya zamoyo, kuwononga mapiko olamulira ankhanza, kumanganso mgwirizano wopezera chilungamo pakati pa mitundu ndi magulu, ndikusinthira kusintha kwazomwe zikuyenda munjira zothandizirana ndi anthu: mavutowa amalumikizana kusokoneza zovuta zawo komanso zolepheretsa andale pakusintha kwadongosolo.

Kodi omenyera ufulu wawo angayankhe bwanji moyenera komanso mwachangu? Pofuna kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri, anthu amamvetsetsa kuti amatanganidwa ndi zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku zokhala ndi mliriwu. Kodi ndi njira iti yodalirika kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yovutayi? Kodi tingapangitse zosatheka kukhala zotheka?

Ndale Monga Momwe Zimagwirira Ntchito Sikokwanira

Kudalira ndale ndikusankhidwa kwachidule kwa osankhidwa ndi atolankhani ndizofunikira, koma sizokwanira ngati njira yabwino. Kukula kwa kusintha komwe kumafunikira ndikokulira pakuchepera kwa ndale monga mwachizolowezi. Malingaliro okhwima amakumana ndikudzudzulidwa ndi atolankhani omwe ali ndi anthu wamba komanso maphwando osasunthika, amatsitsimutsidwa ndi olimbikitsa alendo ndi malingaliro a anthu, ndikutsutsana ndi modus operandi ngakhale maphwando otsogola (monga Britain Labor Party, Democratic Party ku US) , omwe mabungwe awo amafuna kuti awongoleredwe kuti apemphe atsogoleri andale. Pakadali pano, mawu a populism akumapiko akumanja amakula kwambiri. Ndale mwachizolowezi sikokwanira.

Mawu akuti Kupanduka kapena kutha '' akutilozera mu ndale zothandiza kwambiri - kupandukira kumamveka kuti kumangolekezera pazandale zosachita zachiwawa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi demokalase. Koma zochitikazo zokha zidzangokhala mbali yayikulu kwambiri yomangirira kuthandizira pakati pa anthu omwe akumvera ndikupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti uthenga wake wophatikizidwa sunganyalanyazidwe. Umodzi ukhoza kumangidwa pokhapokha pulogalamu yomwe imaphatikiza zolinga za kayendedwe kamodzi. Tiyenera kusinthitsa mawu amawu ndi nyimbo imodzi.

Chofunika: Masomphenya Ogwirizanitsa

Kupanga gulu logwirizana ili ndi ntchito yayikulu. 'Progressives' akuphatikizira anthu ambiri omenyera ufulu, omenyera ufulu wawo, azisangalalo osiyanasiyana, mitundu, ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso omenyera ufulu wachuma, mabungwe ena azachuma, azimayi ambiri, magulu azikhalidwe, ambiri (koma osati onse) olimbikitsa nyengo, ndi ambiri olimbikitsa mtendere. Ma Progressives amapeza zambiri zomwe sagwirizane nazo. Amasiyana malinga mtundu wa vuto lalikulu (ndi capitalism, neoliberalism, imperialism, ulamuliro wa makolo, kusankhana mitundu, ulamuliro wopondereza, mabungwe a demokalase omwe sagwira bwino ntchito, kusagwirizana, kapena kuphatikiza?), motero amasiyana pa rmayankho ofanana. Kubwera kwaposachedwa kwa Kupita Patsogolo Padziko Lonse Kutsimikiza kukhazikitsa umodzi pakati pa anthu otsogola padziko lonse lapansi ngakhale kuli magawano, ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka. "Zadziko Lapansi kapena Kutha ”, mutu wokakamiza pamsonkhano wawo woyamba mu Seputembara 2020, ukuwonetsa kutsimikiza mtima kwake.

Ndi pulogalamu iti yomwe ili yoyenera kuphatikizira nkhawa zomwe zimayenda mwanjira imodzi? Mgwirizano Watsopano Wobiriwira (GND) ukuwonedwa kwambiri ngati wamba. The Leap Manifesto, wotsogolera pulogalamuyi ku Canada, anali ndi zinthu zambiri. Anaphatikizaponso kusintha kwa mphamvu zopitilira 100% pofika chaka cha 2050, kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu achilungamo pantchitoyi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yayikulu, misonkho, ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino kothandiziranso zosintha ndikukulitsa demokalase. Zochita Zatsopano za Green, kapena mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi mayina ofanana, adalandiridwa kwambiri, kuyambira ku Green Green Deal, kupita ku maboma ena amitundu ndi zipani zambiri zopita patsogolo komanso mayendedwe achikhalidwe. Kukula kwakulakalaka kumasiyana, komabe.

Green Green Deal imapereka masomphenya osavuta komanso osangalatsa. Anthu amafunsidwa kulingalira za dziko - osati Utopia, koma dziko lotheka - lomwe ndi lobiriwira, lolungama, la demokalase komanso lotukuka mokwanira kuthandiza moyo wabwino kwa onse. Malingaliro ake ndi osavuta. Masoka achilengedwe akubwera komanso kutha kwa mitundu ya zamoyo kumafuna kusintha kwachilengedwe, koma izi sizingatheke popanda kusintha kwachuma komanso chikhalidwe. Ma GND samangotanthauza kukonzanso chuma kuti chikwaniritse mpweya wopanda mpweya mkati mwa zaka khumi kapena ziwiri, komanso kusintha kolondola pakukhazikika komwe anthu ambiri amapindula ndikusintha kwachuma. Ntchito zabwino kwa iwo omwe ataya munthawi ya kusintha, maphunziro aulere ndi kuphunzitsidwanso m'magulu onse, chithandizo chamankhwala chapadziko lonse lapansi, mayendedwe amtundu waulere komanso chilungamo kwa magulu azikhalidwe ndi mitundu ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi pulogalamuyi.

Mwachitsanzo, GND yothandizidwa ndi Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez ndi Ed Markey mu mawonekedwe a chisankho ku US House of Representatives ku 2019, amatsata izi. Otsutsidwa ngati chiwembu chokomera anthu ena, dongosololi lili pafupi ndi a Kuchita Kwatsopano kwa Rooseveltian m'zaka za zana la 21. Ikufuna kuti pakhale 'zaka khumi zakusonkhezera dziko lonse' kuti tikwaniritse mphamvu zowonjezereka za 10%, mabizinesi akuluakulu pazinthu zomangamanga ndi chuma chopanda mpweya, komanso ntchito kwa onse omwe akufuna kugwira ntchito. Potsatira kusintha kumeneku ndi njira zomwe zikupezeka m'maiko azachikhalidwe chakumadzulo: chithandizo chamankhwala chaponseponse, maphunziro apamwamba aulere, nyumba zotsika mtengo, ufulu wolimbikitsidwa pantchito, chitsimikizo cha ntchito, ndi njira zothetsera tsankho. Kukhazikitsa malamulo odana ndi kukhulupirirana, ngati atachita bwino, angafooketse mphamvu zachuma ndi ndale za oligopolies. Titha kutsutsana pamlingo wamasinthidwe omwe amafunikira. Dongosolo lililonse loyenera, komabe, liyenera kupeza thandizo kudzera mu masomphenya a moyo wabwino, osati mantha okha.

Odzisunga, makamaka omwe amakhala ndi mapiko akumanja, akhala okana nyengo, mwina chifukwa chothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi Trojan kavalo wachikhalidwe. Akunena zowona kuti GND ndi projekiti yopita patsogolo, koma ngati zili zotheka kuti ntchito yachitukuko ndiyokayikitsa. Zimatengera gawo limodzi pakutanthauzira kwa sosholizimu. Pofuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano m'magulu osiyanasiyana, mtsutsowu ndi umodzi womwe tiyenera kupewa.

Tiyenera, mwachidule, kuti tipereke uthenga wodalirika kuti dziko labwino silingatheke komanso lingapambane. Kungokhala kopanda phindu, ngakhale kopanda phindu, kungokhalira kuganizira za chiyembekezo cha anthu. Kuyika chidwi pa zoyipa ndiko pachiwopsezo cha kufooka kwa chifuniro. Ndipo kulalikira kwa omwe atembenuka mtima kungatipangitse kumva bwino; komabe, zimangothandiza kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pamagulu ang'onoang'ono komanso osagwirizana kwenikweni. Tiyenera kuphunzira kuchita nawo anthu wamba (makamaka achichepere) mu izi, zaka khumi. Sizingakhale zophweka chifukwa anthu amaphulitsidwa ndi zidziwitso kuchokera mbali zonse ndikukhalabe okonzekera kuwopseza kwa coronavirus. Nthawi yolipira ndi yayifupi.

Tiyenera kukhala ndi ndimalota, monga Martin Luther King, komanso King, malotowo ayenera kufotokozedwa mwachidule, moyenera komanso kukwaniritsidwa. Zachidziwikire, tiribe mapu atsatanetsatane osinthira mwachilungamo. Koma ife tikugwirizana pa malangizo omwe tiyenera kupita, ndi magulu ankhondo ndi mabungwe omwe atitsogolere kupita kudziko labwinolo. Tiyenera kufikira mitima komanso malingaliro a anthu. Kupambana kumatengera mgwirizano wamagulu.

Ndale Zogwirizana Zogwirizana

Kodi mgwirizano wotere ukuwoneka bwanji? Kodi ndizotheka kuti mayendedwe opita patsogolo atha kukula, m'maiko ndi m'maiko onse, kuti akakamize zokambirana ngati Global Green New Deal? Vutoli ndilokulira, koma mkati mwazotheka.

Nthawi iyi, ndiponsotu, ndi imodzi mwazipanduko komanso zoyambira padziko lonse lapansi. Mavuto azachuma osiyanasiyana komanso zachilengedwe zikulimbikitsa kusagwirizana pandale. Ziwonetsero zazikuluzikulu kuyambira 1968 zidayamba mu 2019, ndipo funde ili lidapitilira mu 2020, ngakhale kuli mliri. Ziwonetsero zidachitika m'makontinenti asanu ndi limodzi ndi mayiko 114, zomwe zimakhudza maufulu a demokalase komanso olamulira mwankhanza. Monga Robin Wright akuwona mu New Yorker mu Disembala 2019, 'Kusunthika kwatuluka usiku, mosadziwika, kutulutsa mkwiyo wapagulu padziko lonse lapansi - kuchokera ku Paris ndi La Paz kupita ku Prague ndi Port-au-Prince, Beirut, Bogota ndi Berlin, Catalonia kupita ku Cairo, ndi ku Hong Kong, Harare, Santiago, Sydney, Seoul, Quito, Jakarta, Tehran, Algiers, Baghdad, Budapest, London, New Delhi, Manila ngakhalenso Moscow. Kuphatikizidwa, ziwonetserozi zikuwonetsa kusunthika komwe sikunachitikepo. '. United States, mwachitsanzo, ikuchita zipolowe zazikulu kwambiri kuyambira pomwe ma 1960 anali ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi nkhondo, zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa apolisi a African-American George Floyd mu Meyi 2020. Ziwonetserozi sizinangoyambitsa ziwonetsero zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso adalimbikitsa othandizira ena kunja kwa gulu lakuda.

Ngakhale zoyipa zakomweko (monga kukwera ndalama zolipirira mayendedwe) zidawunikiranso ziwonetsero zopanda chiwawa padziko lonse lapansi, ziwonetserozi zidabweretsa mkwiyo woyipa. Mutu wamba unali wakuti anthu odzikonda okha adalandira mphamvu zochulukirapo ndikuwongolera mfundo kuti adzikulitse. Kupanduka kotchuka kumatanthauza, koposa zonse, kufunikira kokonzanso mapangano osweka ndi kubwezeretsa kuvomerezeka.

Titha kungodziwa kusunthika kwa mayendedwe omwe zinthu zawo zikusunthira mopyola pakuyang'ana pulogalamu yomwe ikupitilizabe kusintha kwamapangidwe. Zingwe zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo mabungwe azanyengo / zachilengedwe, Black Lives Matter ndi gulu lalikulu lazamtundu / zikhalidwe, mayendedwe azachuma, kuphatikiza mabungwe azamalonda, ndi gulu lamtendere. Ndatchula kale ku kayendedwe ka nyengo. Ngakhale akatswiri azachilengedwe amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, Kusintha kwanyengo komwe kwathawa komanso kufunika kofulumira komanso kuchitapo kanthu kwapangitsa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi malingaliro okhwima. monga Zionetsero zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, Green New Deal ili ndi chiwonetsero chodziwikiratu.  

Zofuna zakusintha kwapangidwanso pansi pa chikwangwani cha Zoipa za Amayi. 'Kubweza apolisi' sikuti amangofuna kupha apolisi ochepa chabe koma kupanganso nyumba zatsopano kuti athetse tsankho. 'Kuletsa lendi' kumangofunika kufunafuna nyumba monga ufulu wokomera anthu, osati chuma chokha. Kuyankha pamavutowa ndikowoloka, mothandizidwa ndi Black Lives Matter ochokera m'magulu aliwonse osiyana komanso ndi ziwonetsero kuphatikizapo azungu ambiri. Koma kodi kayendetsedwe ka chilungamo cha mafuko kakhoza kukhala gawo limodzi la gulu lalikulu pakusintha mwachilungamo? Pulogalamu ya miyambo ya tsankhoKuphatikizanso gawo lomwe magulu amsika amachita pogawa anthu mwapadera komanso kulekanitsa anthu, akuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa zokonda. Martin Luther King adavomereza izi kumapeto kwa 1960s pofotokozera tanthauzo la kuwukira kwakuda panthawiyo: Kupanduka, adatero, 'ndikokulimbana kwambiri ndi ufulu wa anthu achizungu .... Ikulongosola zoipa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mozama m'gulu lathu lonse. Zikuwulula zadongosolo m'malo mongolakwitsa chabe ndipo zikusonyeza kuti kumanganso gulu lokha ndiye vuto lomwe liyenera kukumana nalo. Ndi… kukakamiza America kuthana ndi zolakwika zake zonse - kusankhana mitundu, umphawi, wankhondo, komanso kukonda chuma '. Mgwirizano wapakati umapanga umodzi pazidziwitso izi zakusintha kwadongosolo.

Zolinga za ochita zanyengo komanso magulu azamalamulo amtunduwu amakumana ndi zofuna zambiri kayendetsedwe ka chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Gululi limaphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana monga mabungwe azachitetezo, magulu azikhalidwe (kumpoto ndi South America makamaka), olimbikitsa ufulu wa akazi, omenyera ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, magulu ogwirira ntchito, magulu azipembedzo azipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, ndi magulu opita kumayiko ena chilungamo chokhudza ufulu wa othawa kwawo komanso osamukira kudziko lina komanso osamukira kumpoto omwe akufuna kusamutsira chuma kuti athane ndi zachilengedwe ndi zina zopanda chilungamo. GND imalumikizana ndi zosowa ndi ufulu wa ogwira ntchito, anthu achilengedwe komanso omwe amasankhana mitundu. Ntchito zobiriwira, zitsimikiziro zantchito, nyumba zokomera anthu onse, chisamaliro chapamwamba komanso chisamaliro chapadziko lonse ndi zina mwa zosintha zomwe zasintha. Monga nkhani yaposachedwa mu New York Times akusonyeza, kumanzere kumunsi ndikukumbutsanso ndale padziko lonse lapansi.

The gulu lamtendere amapanga chinthu china chamgwirizano wapakati. Mu 2019, chiopsezo chosinthana mwangozi kapena mwadala ndi zida za nyukiliya chidakwera kwambiri kuyambira 1962. The Bulletin ya Atomic Scientists idasunthira Doomsday Clock yake yotsogola kupita masekondi 100 pakati pausiku, ponena za kuchuluka kwa zida za nyukiliya ndikubwerera m'manja moyang'anira zomwe zikuwopseza nkhondo yankhondo. Mapangano olamulira zida zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo, omwe adakambirana mosadukiza mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi, akutha, makamaka chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa US. Mphamvu zazikuluzikulu zanyukiliya - United States, Russia ndi China - zikukonzanso nkhokwe zawo za nyukiliya. M'mlengalenga, US pansi pa Trump ikufuna kulimbikitsa ogwirizana kuti alowe nawo nawo mu Cold War yatsopano yolunjika ku China. Zochita zowopseza komanso zongonena ku Venezuela, Iran ndi Cuba komanso kufalikira kwa nkhondo zapa cyber zikuphatikiza mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo lalimbikitsa mabungwe amtendere kwambiri.

Zolinga zamtendere, ndikuphatikizika kwake monga gulu ku North America motsogozedwa ndi World Beyond War, ayandikira pafupi ndi zingwe zina zitatu za mgwirizano womwe ukuwonekera. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa ndalama zodzitchinjiriza, kuletsa kugula zida zankhondo zatsopano, ndikuwongolera ndalama zotulutsidwa kuchitetezo cha anthu zikuwonetsa kukhudzidwa ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso kusungidwa kwa nyumba. Chitetezo cha anthu chimafotokozedwa ngati kukulitsa ufulu wamakhalidwe ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake kulumikizidwa ndi njira zachuma komanso zachitukuko. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana pakati pakusintha kwanyengo ndi nkhawa zachitetezo kwabweretsa zokambirana pazanyengo ndi mwamtendere. Ngakhale kusinthana kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kanyukiliya kumatha kuyambitsa nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya, ndizotsatira zake zosaneneka za chilala, njala komanso mavuto wamba. Mosiyana ndi izi, kusintha kwanyengo, powononga moyo wa anthu ndikupanga madera otentha osakhalamo, kumafooketsa mayiko osalimba ndikuchulukitsa mikangano yomwe ilipo kale komanso mitundu ina. Mtendere, chilungamo ndi kukhazikika zikuwoneka kuti ndizolumikizana mosagwirizana. Umu ndiye maziko amgwirizano wamgwirizano komanso kuthandizana pazionetsero zilizonse.

Kupanga Zomwe Sizotheka

Tikukhala mzaka khumi zomaliza, tikukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimawononga tsogolo la mitundu yonse. Ndale mwachizolowezi m'ma demokalase owolowa manja akuwoneka kuti sangathe kuzindikira kukula kwa zovuta kapena kuchitapo kanthu moyenera kuti azithetse. Gulu lomwe likukwera la anthu opondereza anzawo, okonda chiwembu, ndi malingaliro awo okonda chiwembu, amachititsa chopinga chachikulu pakuwongolera njira zofananira pamavuto amitundu yambiri. Poterepa, kayendetsedwe kantchito yaboma ikuthandiza kwambiri pakukweza zosintha zina ndi zina. Funso ndilakuti: kodi mgwirizano wamagulu amodzi ungamangidwe mozungulira pulogalamu yofananira yomwe imapewa Utopianism komanso kusintha chabe? Komanso, kodi kayendetsedwe kake kadzakhazikitse chilango chokwanira kuti chikhalebe chosachita zachiwawa, chokhazikika pokana kusamvera anthu? Mayankho a mafunso awiriwa akuyenera kukhala inde - ngati tikufuna kupanga zosatheka, zotheka.

Richard Sandbrook ndi Pulofesa Emeritus wa Political Science ku University of Toronto. Mabuku aposachedwa akuphatikiza Kubwezeretsanso Kumanzere ku Global South: The Politics of the Possible (2014), kope losinthidwa ndikuwonjezera la Civilizing Globalization: A Survival Guide (co-editor and co-author, 2014), and Social Democracy in the Global Zozungulira: Chiyambi, Zovuta, Zoyembekezera (wolemba nawo, 2007).