Wolemba Richard Tucker, World Beyond War
Lankhulani pa Palibe Msonkhano Wankhondo wa 2017, September 23, 2017
Mmawa wabwino, abwenzi,
Palibe chilichonse chonga ichi chomwe chachitika kale. Ndine woyamikira kwambiri kwa okonza, ndipo ndikuchita chidwi kwambiri ndi okamba nkhani ndi okonzekera omwe akugwira ntchito limodzi sabata ino ndi kupitirira.
Mgwirizano wapakati pa zankhondo ndi chilengedwe chathu chokhazikika ndi chamitundumitundu komanso chofala, koma sizimamveka. Chotero pali ntchito yoti tigwire m’mbali zambiri. Chimodzi ndi dongosolo la maphunziro. Ndine wolemba mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi malonda. Monga wofufuza komanso mphunzitsi, ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito kwa zaka makumi awiri pazankhondo zakuchepa kwa chilengedwe m'mbiri yonse - osati mu nthawi yankhondo, komanso nthawi yamtendere. Monga Gar Smith adawunikira, ndi nkhani yakale, yakale monga magulu olinganiza.
Koma mu dongosolo lathu la maphunziro kugwirizana kwa mbali zambiri pakati pa nkhondo ndi ndalama zake zachilengedwe sizikuwonekera pamlingo uliwonse. Olemba mbiri ya chilengedwe sanasamalirepo pang'ono kugwirizanitsa uku mpaka nkhondo yathu / chilengedwe chinatulukira pasanathe zaka khumi zapitazo. Ambiri aife sitinkafuna kuphunzira mbiri ya usilikali. Olemba mbiri ya usilikali nthawi zonse amayang'anitsitsa chilengedwe - monga momwe zimakhalira ndi oyambitsa mikangano yambiri - koma ntchito yawo sinakambirane kawirikawiri za chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha zochitika zankhondo. Mapulogalamu ambiri ophunzirira mtendere atha kulemetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe.
Tikupanga kafukufuku yemwe akuchulukirachulukirachulukira wokhudza mbiri yake padziko lonse lapansi omwe tikuwalemba patsamba lathu. . Pamene tonse tikudziwa zambiri zakukhudzidwa, zomwe zikuchitika posachedwa komanso zanthawi yayitali, ndipamene nkhani zathu zimakhazikika. Ndicho chifukwa ine ndiri woyamikira kwambiri kwa Gar chifukwa choyika pamodzi War and Environment Reader. Ndikukhulupirira kuti nonse mupeza makope. Tsopano ndikufuna kuwonjezera pa ulaliki wa Gar potsindika mizu ingapo yakuya ya zochitika zathu.
Zofunikira zankhondo (zoteteza ndi zolakwa) zakhala zotsogola pafupifupi pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa boma ndi boma m'mbiri yonse. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimenezo zasintha mabungwe andale, mabungwe azachuma, ndi madera. Pakhala pali mipikisano ya zida, yoyendetsedwa ndi boma komanso yopangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito m'magulu ankhondo. Koma mu 20th m'zaka za zana lino kusokonekera kwa chuma chonse sikunachitikepo. Tikukhala tsopano mu Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndikuthandizidwa ndi Cold War. Buku lathu la olemba khumi lofotokoza mbiri ya chilengedwe cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ku US likufufuza kuti; idzafalitsidwa chaka chamawa.
Kuyang'ana mmbuyo mu mbiri yathu yayitali, ndikufuna kuwunikira mkhalidwe wosokonezeka wa anthu wamba mu nthawi ya nkhondo - anthu wamba monga ozunzidwa komanso othandizira ntchito zankhondo. Apa ndipamene timapeza kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa miyoyo ya anthu ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe mu nthawi ya nkhondo ndi mtendere.
Ulalo umodzi wapakati ndi Chakudya ndi Ulimi: Anthu a m’mafamu akhala akuvutika kwambiri m’nthawi ya nkhondo, pamene magulu ankhondo akusesa m’dziko lonselo, kupereka katundu, kuwotcha nyumba, kuwononga mbewu – ndi kuwononga malo. Makampeni awa adakula ndikubwera kwankhondo zamafakitale m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Mipikisano yapadziko lapansi inali yodziwika bwino mu Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ya ku America. Mu Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, kusokonekera kwaulimi komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kunali pakati pafupifupi madera onse a ku Ulaya ndi Middle East, pamene tikufufuza mbiri yathu yapadziko lonse ya chilengedwe cha nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse yomwe idzasindikizidwanso chaka chamawa. Ndi nkhani yosatha yomwe imagwirizanitsa anthu wamba ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe
Ponena za kampeni yoyaka moto, tiyeni tilingalire dala nkhondo zachilengedwe pang'ono kwambiri. Kuthana ndi zigawenga Zochita za kampeni zolepheretsa anthu wamba kuthandiza zigawenga, mobwerezabwereza zawononga dala chilengedwe. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida za mankhwala ku Vietnam kunachokera ku njira za nkhondo zachitsamunda za British ndi French, zomwe zinaphunziranso njira za America pogonjetsa Philippines kuzungulira 1900. Njira zofanana zimabwereranso m'mbiri yakale mpaka ku Greece yakale.
Mavuto ambiri a nthawi ya nkhondo ayambitsa mayendedwe a anthu ambiri othawa kwawo. Masiku ano nthawi zambiri amanenedwa bwino - kupatula za chilengedwe. Kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe kumakulirakulira kulikonse komwe anthu amakakamizika kusiya nyumba zawo, m'njira zawo zothawirako, komanso komwe amatera. Chitsanzo chimodzi chochititsa mantha, chokambidwa m’buku lathu lofalitsidwa kumene la olemba ambiri The Long Shadows: Mbiri Yachilengedwe Padziko Lonse la Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kunali ku China, kumene othaŵa kwawo mamiliyoni makumi ambiri anathaŵa m’nyumba zawo pakati pa 1937 ndi 1949. Ambiri a ife tsopano tikuphunzira za milandu ina m’zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi XNUMX. M'zaka zaposachedwa othawa kwawo kunkhondo ndi othawa kwawo azachilengedwe akuphatikizana kukhala gulu lomwe silinachitikepo la anthu mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi awiri othamangitsidwa. Chilengedwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa komanso zotsatira za kusamuka kwakukulu kumeneku.
Izi zimanditsogolera ku Nkhondo Zapachiweniweni, zomwe zimasokoneza kusiyana pakati pa omenyana ndi anthu wamba; kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwakhala chifukwa cha aliyense wa iwo. Komabe - m'zaka XNUMX zapitazi palibe imodzi yomwe inali yamkati chabe; onse adyetsedwa ndi malonda a zida zapadziko lonse. Zachilengedwe zimagwirizana ndi Nkhondo Zankhondo ndi machenjerero a mphamvu zamafakitale polimbana ndi kuwongolera zida zanzeru ziyenera kuwonekera. Nkhondo za neo-imperial izi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito anthu akumaloko ngati obereketsa, ndi mikangano ya chilengedwe. (Zikomo kwa Michael Klare, Philippe LeBillon ku Vancouver, ndi ena, kaamba ka ntchito yawo yofunika kwambiri pankhani imeneyi.) Chotero pamene tiphunzira za “nkhondo zachiŵeniŵeni” zoposa makumi asanu za m’zaka XNUMX zapitazi, sitiyenera kunyalanyaza msika wa zida zapadziko lonse. (SIPRI).
Pano ndikufuna kusintha kamvekedwe kanga kwa mphindi imodzi, kuti ndiganizire mutu wina wolimbikitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina pakhala pali nkhani zolimbikitsa za anthu omwe akuzunzidwa akugwira ntchito limodzi molimba mtima, mumikhalidwe yomwe imagwirizanitsa chuma chankhondo ndi mavuto azaumoyo wa anthu komanso zionetsero za nzika za chilengedwe. M’maiko angapo a Soviet Republic m’nyengo ya glasnost-perestroika imene inatsatira tsoka la Chernobyl, mabungwe okulirakulira anatulukira usiku wonse pamene Gorbachev anatsegula zenera la mtsutso wapoyera. Pofika m’chaka cha 1989 anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba akanatha kulinganiza poyera kutsutsa matenda akupha ndi ma radiation ndi kuwagwirizanitsa ndi mavuto aakulu a chilengedwe. Kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku Kiev posachedwapa anena nkhaniyi makamaka ku Ukraine, kumene mabungwe omwe siaboma adapangana mwachangu ndikulumikizana mwachangu ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga Greenpeace, komanso kwa omwe adachokera ku Canada, US, ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe. Koma n’kovuta kupitiriza kuyenda, ndipo nkhani zaposachedwapa zakhala zosalimbikitsa kwenikweni. Ulamuliro ukalepheretsa anthu ake kuti asagwirizane ndi mayiko, monga momwe zikuchitikira ku Hungary, zochitika zachilengedwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Pomaliza, tikufika pakuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumaphatikiza zina zonse: Kusintha kwa nyengo. Zomwe ankhondo amathandizira pakutentha kwa dziko lapansi zili ndi mbiri, koma sizinaphunziridwebe mwadongosolo. Buku lamphamvu la Barry Sanders, Green Zone, ndi khama limodzi lofunika. Okonza zankhondo - ku US, mayiko a NATO, India, China, Australia - akugwira ntchito molimbika pazomwe zikuchitika masiku ano. Koma mbiri yonse ya nthawi yamafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale sitingamvetsetse bwino mpaka titawona bwino lomwe gulu lankhondo lakhala likuchita, kuwononga mafuta oyaka ndikusintha chuma chandale padziko lonse lapansi cha malasha, mafuta, ndi gasi.
Mwachidule, tikazindikira kulumikizana kwa izi ndi zina zambiri pakati pa zankhondo ndi chilengedwe, m'mbiri yathu yonse, zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yathu ikhale yofunika kwambiri, m'kalasi komanso kupanga chidziwitso cha aliyense pazovuta komanso kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa ntchito yathu. nthawi zovuta.
Ndiye, bwanji kupita patsogolo mu nthawi zamtsogolo? Kulimba mtima ndi kubwezeretsanso ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri yakale - kuwonongeka kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumakonzedwa, osachepera pang'ono. Sindinanene zambiri za gawo la mbiri yathu ya chilengedwe; ikuyenera kusamala kwambiri. Ndine wokondwa kuti kumapeto kwa sabata ino tili ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito limodzi kuti tipeze njira zatsopano zolimbikitsira zokana komanso kukonzanso.
Tsamba lathu la projekiti yakale ikuwunikiridwa ndi kukulitsidwa nyengo ino. Mulinso buku lokulirapo komanso chitsanzo cha silabasi. Tikufuna kuti tsambalo likhale lothandiza kwambiri kwa omwe akuchita kampeni masiku ano. Ndikulandila malingaliro amomwe mungachitire.
